scholarly journals Coalescing Aid Influences on Acrylic Latexes Property and Film Formation Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Yi ◽  
Chen Zhonghua ◽  
Yu Fei
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Latex Particle ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Particle Deformation ◽  
Acrylic Latexes ◽  
Evaporation Stage

The coalescing aid of propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPh) influences on the latexes system and its film formation process have been demonstrated in this paper. The latexes with different Tg are synthesized by seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization. The PPh have a significant impact on the water evaporation stage, in which PPh decreased the water evaporation rate for a low Tg latex system but accelerated the rate for a high Tg latex. This result was quantified using Routh-Russel model which was a useful model for the prediction of the latex particle deformation mechanisms. The different amounts of PPh can change the latex particle deformation mechanisms. The TGA results show that the PPh still exist in the latexes films during drying. The microstructures of the latex film which dry under 70°C with the PPh for different time display that the PPh can accelerate the polymer molecules motion and the diffusion rate for the latex coalescence stage.

Effect of Staining on Latex Particle Size Examined by Electron Microscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1239-1240
Author(s):  
Y. Ming ◽  
H. Doumaux ◽  
L. E. Scriven ◽  
H. T. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Latex Particle ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Particle Deformation ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging

Electron microscopy has been an invaluble tool to the study of polymer morphology, especially latex particles, microphase-separated block copolymers, and polymer blends. However, in order to examine these materials in an electron microscope, the sample often needs to be stained to heighten contrast between locales of different composition in the specimen. Staining usually has the following advantages: heightened contrast; higher polymer glass transition temperature Tg; lowered charging; and reduced radiation damage. However, staining can also introduce artifact. It is reported that the latex particle size is raised and the polybutadiene “sphere” in block copolymers is lowered after staining. This indicates that the staining process may be complex.Recently, low voltage field emission scanning electron microscopy (LVFESEM), especially high-resolution backscattered electron imaging produced with staining, has been used to study latex film formation, latex particle deformation and adhesion on substrates, latex particle deformation, distribution and binding in paper coatings.

Role of Water in Particle Deformation and Compaction in Latex Film Formation

Langmuir ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2619-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sperry ◽  
B. S. Snyder ◽  
M. L. O'Dowd ◽  
P. M. Lesko
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Particle Deformation ◽  
Latex Film Formation

scholarly journals Correlating Particle Deformation with Water Concentration Profiles during Latex Film Formation: Reasons That Softer Latex Films Take Longer to Dry

Langmuir ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (32) ◽  
pp. 9672-9681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farai T. Carter ◽  
Radoslaw M. Kowalczyk ◽  
Ian Millichamp ◽  
Malcolm Chainey ◽  
Joseph L. Keddie
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Particle Deformation ◽  
Latex Films ◽  
Latex Film Formation

scholarly journals Tracking Hydroplasticization by DSC: Movement of Water Domains Bound to Poly(Meth)Acrylates during Latex Film Formation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2500
Author(s):  
Sebastian M. Dron ◽  
Maria Paulis
Keyword(s):  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Acrylate Copolymer ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Minimum Film Formation Temperature ◽  
Latex Film Formation ◽  
Formation Step

The film formation step of latexes constitutes one of the challenges of these environmentally friendly waterborne polymers, as the high glass transition (TG) polymers needed to produce hard films to be used as coatings will not produce coherent films at low temperature. This issue has been dealt by the use of temporary plasticizers added with the objective to reduce the TG of the polymers during film formation, while being released to the atmosphere afterwards. The main problem of these temporary plasticizers is their volatile organic nature, which is not recommended for the environment. Therefore, different strategies have been proposed to overcome their massive use. One of them is the use of hydroplasticization, as water, abundant in latexes, can effectively act as plasticizer for certain types of polymers. In this work, the effect of three different grafted hydroplasticizers has been checked in a (meth)acrylate copolymer, concluding that itaconic acid showed the best performance as seen by its low minimum film-formation temperature, just slightly modified water resistance and better mechanical properties of the films containing itaconic acid. Furthermore, film formation monitoring has been carried out by Differential Scanning Calorimety (DSC), showing that itaconic acid is able to retain more strongly the water molecules during the water losing process, improving its hydroplasticization capacity.

An overview of polymer latex film formation and properties

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Steward ◽  
J. Hearn ◽  
M.C. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Latex Film Formation ◽  
Polymer Latex

scholarly journals Paint Film Formation Process in Spray Coating

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki TACHI ◽  
Chikaaki OKUDA ◽  
Yoichi OYAMA ◽  
Shouichi SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Spray Coating
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