scholarly journals Effects of 4-Week Intensive Active-Resistive Training with an EMG-Based Exoskeleton Robot on Muscle Strength in Older People: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongsang Son ◽  
Jeseong Ryu ◽  
Soonjae Ahn ◽  
Eun Joo Kim ◽  
Jung Ah Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older People ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Antagonist Muscle ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Resistive Training ◽  
Exoskeleton Robot ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension

This study aims to investigate the idea that an active-resistive training with an EMG-based exoskeleton robot could be beneficial to muscle strength and antagonist muscle cocontraction control after 4-week intensive elbow flexion/extension training. Three older people over 65 years participated the training for an hour per session and completed total 20 sessions during four weeks. Outcome measures were chosen as the maximum joint torque and cocontraction ratio between the biceps/triceps brachii muscles at pre-/post-training. The Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was performed to evaluate paired difference for the outcome measures. As a result, there was no significant difference in the maximum flexion or extension torque at pre- and post-training. However, the cocontraction ratio of the triceps brachii muscle as the antagonist was significantly decreased by 9.8% after the 4-week intensive training. The active-resistive training with the exoskeleton robot in the older people yielded a promising result, showing significant changes in the antagonist muscle cocontraction.

scholarly journals Effects of Nonpharmacological Interventions for Dizziness in Older People: Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Kendall ◽  
Jan Hartvigsen ◽  
Michael F. Azari ◽  
Simon D. French
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Older People ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Nonpharmacological interventions have been shown to have some effectiveness in adults with dizziness; however, the effectiveness of these interventions in older people is unknown. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the effects of conservative nonpharmacological interventions for dizziness in older people. Data Sources The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, AMED, Index to Chiropractic Literature, PsycINFO, and MANTIS were searched from inception to May 2014. Study Selection Two investigators independently screened controlled trials with participants who were more than 60 years old and experienced dizziness. Studies of participants with dizziness from a specific diagnosis, such as Ménière disease and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, were excluded. Outcome measures from the selected studies included self-reported dizziness and postural balance. Data Extraction Two investigators independently extracted data on participants, interventions, comparison group, outcome measures, and results. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed with Cochrane guidelines. Data Synthesis Seven articles consisting of 7 controlled trials were included. All studies involved some form of exercise, including vestibular rehabilitation exercises, postural balance exercises, and tai chi exercise, as the main intervention. The studies had a high risk of bias because of the lack of adequate randomization and allocation concealment, the lack of reporting on cointerventions, the lack of reporting on reasons for dropouts, and the lack of reporting on participant adherence. Limitations Heterogeneity among the included studies in interventions and outcome measures prohibited a meta-analysis. Only 2 studies reported a significant difference between the intervention group and the comparison group for self-reported dizziness. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of nonpharmacological treatments for dizziness in older people. Current evidence is hampered by a high risk of bias, and well-designed trials with adequate masking, randomization, and adherence are needed.

scholarly journals LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENOTYPE AND MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PERUVIAN OLDER PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
pp. 686-690
Author(s):  
T. J. Oscanoa ◽  
E. C. Cieza ◽  
F. A. Lizaraso-Soto ◽  
M. L. Guevara ◽  
R. M. Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older People ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Ace Polymorphism ◽  
Significant Difference

Старение может быть связано с уменьшением мышечной силы, а сопутствующими факторами являются заболевания, пол, физическая активность и, возможно, генетические факторы. Среди генетических факторов представляет интерес ренин-ангиотензиновая система, но данные о перуанской популяции отсутствуют. Целью исследования - оценка связи силы сцепления и полиморфизма ангиотензин-конвертазного фермента (АКФ) у пожилых людей в Перу. Было проведено перекрестное исследование в выборке из 104 участников старше 60 лет в Лиме, Перу с анализом полиморфизма АКФ. Мы изучили 104 участника, 46 (44,2%) мужчин и 58 (55,8%) женщин, со средним возрастом и стандартным отклонением ( SD ) 73,7 (7,4) года, в диапазоне 60-90 лет. Частота генотипов D/D, I/D и I/I составила 12,7; 43,7 и 43,7% соответственно. Распределение полиморфизма АKФ по генотипу соответствовало равновесию Харди-Вайнберга ( р =0,746). Средняя ( SD ) сила сцепления при D/D , I/D и I/I полиморфизмах составила 24,8 (7,2); 22,8 (7,2) и 23,4 (7,6) кг соответственно. Не выявлено достоверных различий ( р =0,41) между генетическими группами. В этой небольшой удобной выборке пожилых перуанцев не было обнаружено связи между силой сцепления и генотипом АКФ. Aging can be associated with decreasing muscle strength, and related factors are comorbidities, sex, physical activity, and possibly genetic factors. Among genetic factors the renin-angiotensin system is of interest, but data on the Peruvian population is lacking. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association of grip strength and angiotensin convertase enzyme (ACE) polymorphism in Peruvian older people. A cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 104 participants over 60 years in Lima, Perú, with analysis of the ACE polymorphism, was performed. We studied 104 participants, 46 men (44,2 %) and 58 women (55,8 %), with a mean age and standard deviation (SD) of 73,7 (7,4) years, range between 60-90 years. The frequency of D/D, I/D and I/I genotypes was 12,7; 43,7 and 43,7 % respectively. The genotype distribution of ACE polymorphism agreed with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( p =0,746). The mean (SD) of grip strength in the D/D, I/D and I/I polymorphisms were 24,8 (7,2); 22,8 (7,2) and 23,4 (7,6) kg respectively; no significant difference was observed ( p =0,41) between genetic groups. In this small convenience sample of older Peruvians, no association was found between grip strength and ACE genotype.

scholarly journals Effect of Hypopressive exercise in women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Parle ◽  
Sana Shahmalak ◽  
Divya Irkar
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To study the effect of Hypopressive exercises to improve pelvic floor muscle strength in women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse.(grade 1and 2). Methods: This is an experimental study conducted on women of urban and rural areas of Kamothe and Kalamboli in India who presented with grade 1 and grade 2 Pelvic Organ Prolapse. 20 women (35 years and above) were recruited after taking their consent. The outcome measures assessed during pre and post evaluation were pelvic floor muscle strength as measured by modified oxford scale and perinometer whereas Pelvic Organ Prolapse symptoms by pelvic floor distress inventory scale-20. Intervention consisted of 6-weeks of Hypopressive exercises with a physiotherapist. The protocol consisted of three sessions weekly with progression in each week. Precautions to be taken during the study were explained to the participants each time. Results: Hypopressive exercises presented positive results with statistically significant difference in pre and post evaluation of outcome measures. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis reported p-value of 0.00 for modified oxford scale. For perinometer, p-value for peak, average, duration and gradient was 0.00, 0.00, 0.01 and 0.04 respectively. Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Scale reported p-value of 0.00. Conclusion: Hypopressive exercises exhibited improvements in pelvic floor muscle strength and reducing the symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse. 

scholarly journals Acupuncture Treatment in Elderly People with Sarcopenia: Effects on the Strength and Inflammatory Mediators

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Soares Mendes Damasceno ◽  
Thaís Helena Machado Marçal Teixeira ◽  
Vinicius Carolino de Souza ◽  
Tiago Sousa Neiva ◽  
Karina Prudente Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Acupuncture Intervention ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intervention Protocol

Introduction. Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, associated with aging. A multidisciplinary approach has been increasingly prioritized in elderly care. A technique that has been widely used by the seniors is acupuncture. Objectives. To analyse the effects of acupuncture in muscle strength and in inflammatory markers of older people with sarcopenia. Methods. The sample was composed by 53 elderly people, aged over 60 years. Inclusion criteria were as follows: male and female seniors, sedentary and who were not under acupuncture treatment during the survey period. Assessment of body composition, handgrip strength, and functional test and IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α cytokines analyses were performed. After verification of the physical examination, the subjects were divided into two groups (sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic). The first group was then randomized (by drawing lot) to be further divided into two subgroups: G1, composed of sarcopenic elderly people who received acupuncture intervention, and G2, composed of sarcopenic elderly people who did not receive intervention. The nonsarcopenic elderly people composed the group 3 (G3) and did not receive acupuncture intervention. ANOVA Split Plot was performed for intergroup comparison. For intragroup evaluation, ANOVA was conducted for repeated measures. For the delta values, ANCOVA was performed with the pretest as covariant. A p<0.05 significance level was adopted. Results. 26 older people concluded the collections. There was no statistically significant difference between the G1 group and the other ones regarding the assessed variables (muscle mass, muscle strength, functionality, and inflammatory markers). Conclusion. The results allow us to infer that it is possible that the conducted intervention protocol has not produced any significant effects in the studied population. UTN number: RBR-8df2h4.

scholarly journals Effectivity of Exoskeleton Robot-Assisted Therapy on Improving Muscle Strength in Post-Stroke Patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Aulia Salwa Alfaina ◽  
Rahmi Isma Asmara Putri ◽  
Hari Peni Julianti ◽  
Trianggoro Budisulistyo ◽  
Rifky Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Exoskeleton Robot ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Post Test

Background: Upper limb weakness is the most disability caused by stroke. The availability of physiotherapists is still limited in Indonesia. The exoskeleton robot is a developing technology that involve in stroke rehabilitation therapy. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of exoskeleton robot-assisted therapy on improving muscle strength of patients after stroke. Methods: An experimental study with two groups pre-test and post-test design carried out using consecutive sampling among outpatient stroke patients in Diponegoro National Hospital (RSND) and William Booth Hospital (RSWB), Semarang. Patients in the robotic group (RG) (n=8) received 16 training sessions. Each session consists of 30 passive and ten active-weighted elbow flexion-extension with the exoskeleton robot. Meanwhile, the control group (CG) (n=8) received equivalent training of conventional therapy. The primary outcome of muscle strength was measured by Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) and handheld dynamometer. Pre and post-test MMT score data in each group were analyzed by Wilcoxon test, while handheld dynamometer score data were analyzed by paired t-test. Data between the two groups were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and unpaired t-test. Results: Significant improvements were shown for the MMT score (RG: p=0.014, CG: p=0.034). There were significant handheld dynamometer score improvements on muscle strength for elbow flexor and extensor in RG (p = 0.008 and p = 0.005 respectively) and in CG (p=0.036 and p=0.008 respectively). No significant differences for MMT and handheld dynamometer score between the two groups. Conclusion: The exoskeleton robot-assisted therapy was as effective as conventional therapy for improving muscle strength in stroke patients.

scholarly journals Post-Stroke Depression and Its Effect on Functional Outcomes during Inpatient Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurumayum Sonachand Sharma ◽  
Anupam Gupta ◽  
Meeka Khanna ◽  
Naveen Bangarpet Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Stroke Depression

Abstract Objective The aim of the study is to observe the effect of post-stroke depression on functional outcomes during inpatient rehabilitation. Patients and Methods The design involved is prospective observational study. The location involved is Neurological Rehabilitation unit in a tertiary care university hospital. The study period ranges from October 2019 to April 2020. The participants involved are the patients with first ever stroke, male and female with age ≥18 years and duration less than 1 year. All participants were assessed at admission and after 14 sessions of inpatient rehabilitation by depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The stroke outcomes measures used were: Barthel Index (BI), Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS), and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). Results There are a total of 30 participants (18 males) with median stroke duration of 90 days. The median age of the patients was 58 years. Sixteen patients had ischemic and 14 had hemorrhagic stroke. Out of these, 57% (n = 17) had symptoms of depression (HADS-D >7). Participants in both groups (with and without depression) showed improvement in all the functional outcome measures (BI, SSS, MRS) at the time of discharge as compared with admission scores. The changes in the outcome measures were statistically significant within groups (p < 0.05) but not significant between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion The post-stroke depression is common among stroke survivors of less than 1 year duration. There was no significant difference in the functional outcomes between stroke patients with depression and those without depression with inpatient rehabilitation program.

scholarly journals Donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungwon Baik ◽  
Seon Myeong Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
Yang Hyun Lee ◽  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy of donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). This was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label, two-arm study. Eighty PD-MCI patients were assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received donepezil for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Dementia Rating, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, Clinical Global Impression scores. Progression of dementia was assessed at 48-week. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed at baseline and after 48 weeks. The spectral power ratio of the theta to beta2 band (TB2R) in the electroencephalogram was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups. However, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TB2R at bilateral frontotemporoparietal channels compared to the control group. Although we could not demonstrate improvements in the cognitive functions, donepezil treatment had a modulatory effect on the EEG in PD-MCI patients. EEG might be a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in PD-MCI after donepezil treatment.

scholarly journals Respiratory Muscle Weakness as a Risk Factor for Pneumonia in Older People

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tatsuma Okazaki ◽  
Yoshimi Suzukamo ◽  
Midori Miyatake ◽  
Riyo Komatsu ◽  
Masahiro Yaekashiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older People ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Weakness

Introduction: The respiratory muscle strength regulates the effectiveness of coughing, which clears the airways and protects people from pneumonia. Sarcopenia is an aging-related loss of muscle mass and function, the worsening of which is associated with malnutrition. The loss of respiratory and swallowing muscle strength occurs with aging, but its effect on pneumonia is unclear. This study aimed to determine the risks of respiratory muscle weakness on the onset and relapse of pneumonia in older people in conjunction with other muscle-related factors such as malnutrition. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study with 47 pneumonia inpatients and 35 non-pneumonia controls aged 70 years and older. We evaluated the strength of respiratory and swallowing muscles, muscle mass, and malnutrition (assessed by serum albumin levels and somatic fat) during admission and confirmed pneumonia relapse within 6 months. The maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures determined the respiratory muscle strength. Swallowing muscle strength was evaluated by tongue pressure. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to evaluate the muscle and fat mass. Results: The respiratory muscle strength, body trunk muscle mass, serum albumin level, somatic fat mass, and tongue pressure were significantly lower in pneumonia patients than in controls. Risk factors for the onset of pneumonia were low inspiratory respiratory muscle strength (odds ratio [OR], 6.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56–30.11), low body trunk muscle mass divided by height2 (OR, 6.86; 95% CI, 1.49–31.65), and low serum albumin level (OR, 5.46; 95% CI, 1.51–19.79). For the relapse of pneumonia, low somatic fat mass divided by height2 was a risk factor (OR, 20.10; 95% CI, 2.10–192.42). Discussion/Conclusions: Respiratory muscle weakness, lower body trunk muscle mass, and malnutrition were risk factors for the onset of pneumonia in older people. For the relapse of pneumonia, malnutrition was a risk factor.

scholarly journals Delayed Rehabilitation Protocol after Rotator Cuff Repair

Osteology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Alessandra Berton ◽  
Sergio De Salvatore ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
Gabriele Cortina ◽  
Daniela Lo Presti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Rotator Cuff Repair ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Function ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocol ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Cuff Repair

Rotator cuff tears are a frequent cause of shoulder pain that often require arthroscopic repair. After surgery an intense and well-studied rehabilitation protocol is needed to obtain the complete recovery of shoulder function. Fifty patients, who sustained arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for symptomatic, atraumatic and full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tear, were involved. According to our rehabilitation protocol, during the first four postoperative weeks, the arm was supported with an abduction sling pillow, and pendulum exercises, table slide and active elbow extension and flexion were conceded. Outcome measures (Oxford shoulder score (OSS), simple shoulder test (SST), patient-reported satisfaction), shoulder function (range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength), and MRI examination were evaluated. The mean OSS score and SST score increased from 16 to 30.2 and from 5.3 to 11.4, respectively. Patient-reported satisfaction was 96%. At 12 months, patients improved ROM and muscle strength. Postoperative passive anterior elevation was 176; external rotation averaged 47; internal rotation was 90. Postoperative muscle strength during anterior elevation was 8.3 ± 2.2 kg, internal rotation 6.8 ± 3 kg, external rotation 5.5 ± 2.3 kg. Five out of seven patients with recurrent tears evaluated their results as satisfactory. They reported improvements in terms of OSS and SST mean scores despite recurrent tears; therefore, they did not undergo revision surgery. The delayed postoperative physical therapy protocol was associated with improvements in the outcome measures and shoulder function compared to the preoperatory state and rotator cuff healing demonstrated by MRI.

scholarly journals Correlation between age, muscle architecture, and muscle strength in children with Erb’s palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saad Awad ◽  
Mostafa Soliman Ali ◽  
Mohamed Ismail Elassal
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Pennation Angle ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Erb’S Palsy ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Muscle weakness is a widespread problem in children with Erb’s palsy as it can cause changes in muscle architecture parameters, which can be detected by ultrasonography. This study was conducted to determine the relation between age, muscle architecture, and muscle strength in children with Erb’s palsy. A total of 40 children with Erb’s palsy from both sexes aged 1–2.5 years were included in this study. Muscle thickness and pennation angle were measured by ultrasonography, and muscle strength was measured using the active movement scale. Results A significant relation was found between age, muscle thickness, pennation angle, and muscle strength (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was found in muscle architecture parameters during relaxation and contraction in both study groups and in each study group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Muscle weakness in children with Erb’s palsy has an effect on muscle architecture parameters, and these parameters also increase with age.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document