scholarly journals A Case of Successful Foraminotomy for Severe Bilateral C5 Palsy following Posterior Decompression and Fusion Surgery for Cervical Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Kudo ◽  
Tomoaki Toyone ◽  
Toshiyuki Shirahata ◽  
Tomoyuki Ozawa ◽  
Akira Matsuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Foraminal Stenosis ◽  
Posterior Decompression ◽  
Fusion Surgery ◽  
C5 Palsy ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
Cervical Surgery ◽  
Complete Paralysis

We report a very rare (5~7%) case of bilateral C5 palsy after cervical surgery. A 71-year-old male patient with cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) with foraminal stenosis at bilateral C4/5 underwent posterior decompression and fusion surgery. After surgery, muscle weakness in his both deltoid and biceps was detected and gradually deteriorated to complete paralysis. Postoperative MRI showed sufficient decompression of the spinal cord and posterior shifting. Subsequently, an additional bilateral foraminotomy at C4/5 was performed, with a suspicion that bilateral foraminal stenosis at C4/5 may have been the cause of the paresis. After foraminotomy, muscular contraction was seen in both deltoid and biceps. Finally, complete motor recovery was achieved in a year. Although the gold standard procedure for the prevention and treatment of postoperative C5 palsy has not yet been established, an additional foraminotomy may be recommended for severe C5 palsy in cases of foraminal stenosis even after the occurrence of palsy.

Postoperative progression of ligamentum flavum ossification after posterior instrumented surgery for thoracic posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: long-term outcomes during a minimum 10-year follow-up

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
Ligamentum Flavum ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Posterior Decompression ◽  
Fusion Surgery ◽  
Fusion Level ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to investigate clinical and radiological outcomes after thoracic posterior fusion surgery during a minimum of 10 years of follow-up, including postoperative progression of ossification, in patients with thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL). METHODS The study participants were 34 consecutive patients (15 men, 19 women) with an average age at surgery of 53.6 years (range 36–80 years) who underwent posterior decompression and fusion surgery with instrumentation at the authors’ hospital. The minimum follow-up period was 10 years. Estimated blood loss, operative time, pre- and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and JOA score recovery rates were investigated. Dekyphotic changes were evaluated on plain radiographs of thoracic kyphotic angles and fusion levels pre- and postoperatively and 10 years after surgery. The distal junctional angle (DJA) was measured preoperatively and at 10 years after surgery to evaluate distal junctional kyphosis (DJK). Ossification progression at distal intervertebrae was investigated on CT. RESULTS The Cobb angles at T1–12 were 46.8°, 38.7°, and 42.6°, and those at the fusion level were 39.6°, 31.1°, and 34.1° pre- and postoperatively and at 10 years after surgery, respectively. The changes in the kyphotic angles from pre- to postoperatively and to 10 years after surgery were 8.0° and 7.2° at T1–12 and 8.4° and 7.9° at the fusion level, respectively. The DJA changed from 4.5° postoperatively to 10.9° at 10 years after surgery. There were 11 patients (32.3%) with DJK during follow-up, including 4 (11.8%) with vertebral compression fractures at lower instrumented vertebrae or adjacent vertebrae. Progression of ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) on the caudal side occurred in 8 cases (23.6%), but none had ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) progression. Cases with OLF progression had a significantly lower rate of DJK (0% vs 38.5%, p < 0.01), a lower DJA (3.4° vs 13.2°, p < 0.01), and a smaller change in DJA at 10 years after surgery (0.8° vs 8.1°, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Posterior decompression and fusion surgery with instrumentation for T-OPLL was found to be a relatively safe and stable surgical procedure based on the long-term outcomes. Progression of OLF on the caudal side occurred in 23.6% of cases, but cases with OLF progression did not have DJK. Progression of DJK shifts the load in the spinal canal forward and the load on the ligamentum flavum is decreased. This may explain the lack of ossification in cases with DJK.

scholarly journals Resection of Beak-Type Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament from a Posterior Approach under Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Paralysis after Posterior Decompression and Fusion Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 812-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Imagama ◽  
Kei Ando ◽  
Zenya Ito ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Tetsuro Hida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring ◽  
Neurophysiological Monitoring ◽  
Posterior Decompression ◽  
Fusion Surgery ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
Clinical Records

Study Design Prospective clinical study. Objective Posterior decompression and fusion surgery for beak-type thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL) generally has a favorable outcome. However, some patients require additional surgery for postoperative severe paralysis, a condition that is inadequately discussed in the literature. The objective of this study was to describe the efficacy of a procedure we refer to as “resection at an anterior site of the spinal cord from a posterior approach” (RASPA) for severely paralyzed patients after posterior decompression and fusion surgery for beak-type T-OPLL. Methods Among 58 consecutive patients who underwent posterior decompression and fusion surgery for beak-type T-OPLL since 1999, 3 with postoperative paralysis (5%) underwent RASPA in our institute. Clinical records, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, gait status, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) findings, and complications were evaluated in these cases. Results All three patients experienced a postoperative decline in Manual Muscle Test (MMT) scores of 0 to 2 after the first surgery. RASPA was performed 3 weeks after the first surgery. All patients showed gradual improvements in MMT scores for the lower extremity and in ambulatory status; all could walk with a cane at an average of 4 months following RASPA surgery. There were no postoperative complications. Conclusions RASPA surgery for beak-type T-OPLL after posterior decompression and fusion surgery resulted in good functional outcomes as a salvage surgery for patients with severe paralysis. Advantages of RASPA include a wide working space, no spinal cord retraction, and additional decompression at levels without T-OPLL resection and spinal cord shortening after additional dekyphosis and compression maneuvers. When used with IONM, this procedure may help avoid permanent postoperative paralysis.

scholarly journals Thoracic Myelopathy Caused by Ossification of the Yellow Ligament as a Distal Adjacent Segmental Disease after Posterior Cervical-Middle Thoracic Fusion Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Toru Funayama ◽  
Kentaro Mataki ◽  
Tetsuya Abe ◽  
Hiroshi Noguchi ◽  
Kousei Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Thoracic Myelopathy ◽  
Posterior Decompression ◽  
Fusion Surgery ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Local Flexibility ◽  
Lower Thoracic Spine

Although adjacent segmental disease after posterior thoracic fusion surgery is rare, thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the yellow ligament in the lower thoracic spine could develop because of mechanical stress when the lower instrumented vertebra has been set to the middle thoracic spine during the initial surgery. We report an extremely rare case of distal adjacent segmental disease after posterior cervical-middle thoracic fusion surgery requiring reoperation after exhibiting thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the yellow ligament in the lower thoracic spine. An obese 53-year-old man with diabetes had undergone C3-6 laminoplasty and C7-T8 posterior decompression plus fusion due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at C5-T5. Although the short-term clinical course after the initial surgery was good, symptoms of myelopathy reappeared because of the ossification of the yellow ligament that developed at T9-11 with local flexibility. Thus, reoperation with fusion extension surgery was needed 1 year and 6 months after the initial surgery. Altogether, we recommend careful monitoring of the postoperative clinical progression and, if necessary, reoperation at the earliest.

Connection of discontinuous segments in early functional recovery from thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament treated with posterior instrumented surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Kei Ando ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Masaaki Machino ◽  
Kyotaro Ota ◽  
Satoshi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽  
Multislice Ct ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Rigid Fixation ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Fusion Surgery ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between morphological changes in thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL) and postoperative neurological recovery after thoracic posterior fusion surgery. Changes of OPLL morphology and postoperative recovery in cases with T-OPLL have not been examined.METHODSIn this prospective study, the authors evaluated data from 44 patients (23 male and 21 female) who underwent posterior decompression and fusion surgery with instrumentation for the treatment of T-OPLL at our hospital. The patients’ mean age at surgery was 50.7 years (range 38–68 years). The minimum duration of follow-up was 2 years. The location of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (T-OLF), T-OLF at the OPLL level, OPLL morphology, fusion range, estimated blood loss, operative time, pre- and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and JOA recovery rate were investigated. Reconstructed sagittal multislice CT images were obtained before and at 3 and 6 months and 1 and 2 years after surgery. The basic fusion area was 3 vertebrae above and below the OPLL lesion. All parameters were compared between patients with and without continuity across the disc space at the OPLL at 3 and 6 months after surgery.RESULTSThe preoperative morphology of OPLL was discontinuous across the disc space between the rostral and caudal ossification regions on sagittal CT images in all but one of the patients. Postoperatively, these segments became continuous in 42 patients (97.7%; occurring by 6.6 months on average) without progression of OPLL thickness. Patients with continuity at 3 months had significantly lower rates of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05) and motor palsy in the lower extremities (p < 0.01). The group with continuity also had significantly higher mean postoperative JOA scores at 3 (p < 0.01) and 6 (p < 0.05) months and mean JOA recovery rates at 3 and 6 months (both p < 0.01) after surgery.CONCLUSIONSPreoperatively, discontinuity of rostral and caudal ossified lesions was found on CT in all patients but one of this group of 44 patients who needed surgery for T-OPLL. Rigid fixation with instrumentation may have allowed these segments to connect at the OPLL. Such OPLL continuity at an early stage after surgery may accelerate spinal cord recovery.

scholarly journals Does Diabetes Affect the Surgical Outcomes in Cases With Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament? A Multicenter Study From Asia Pacific Spine Study Group

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822199630
Author(s):  
Narihito Nagoshi ◽  
Kota Watanabe ◽  
Masaya Nakamura ◽  
Morio Matsumoto ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
C5 Palsy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter study. Objectives: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods: Approximately 253 cervical OPLL patients who underwent surgical decompression with or without fixation were registered at 4 institutions in 3 Asian countries. They were followed up for at least 2 years. Demographics, imaging, and surgical information were collected, and cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and the visual analog scale (VAS) for the neck were used for evaluation. Results: Forty-seven patients had DM, showing higher hypertension and cardiovascular disease prevalence. Although they presented worse preoperative JOA scores than non-DM patients (10.5 ± 3.1 vs. 11.8 ± 3.2; P = 0.01), the former showed comparable neurologic recovery at the final follow-up (13.9 ± 2.9 vs. 14.2 ± 2.6; P = 0.41). No correlation was noted between the hemoglobin A1c level in the DM group and the pre- and postoperative JOA scores. No significant difference was noted in VAS scores between the groups at pre- and postsurgery. Regarding perioperative complications, DM patients presented a higher C5 palsy frequency (14.9% vs. 5.8%; P = 0.04). A similar trend was observed when surgical procedure was limited to laminoplasty. Conclusions: This is the first multicenter Asian study to evaluate the impact of DM on cervical OPLL patients. Surgical results were favorable even in DM cases, regardless of preoperative hemoglobin A1c levels or operative procedures. However, caution is warranted for the occurrence of C5 palsy after surgery.

Factors for a Good Surgical Outcome in Posterior Decompression and Dekyphotic Corrective Fusion with Instrumentation for Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Prospective Single-Center Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Imagama ◽  
Kei Ando ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Tetsuro Hida ◽  
Kenyu Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Ligamentum Flavum ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Neurophysiological Monitoring ◽  
Posterior Decompression ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Estimated Blood Loss ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract BACKGROUND Surgery for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL) is still challenging, and factors for good surgical outcomes are unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify factors for good surgical outcomes with prospective and comparative study. METHODS Seventy-one consecutive patients who underwent posterior decompression and instrumented fusion were divided into good or poor outcome groups based on ≥50% and &lt;50% recovery rates for the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative findings were compared in the 2 groups, and significant factors for a good outcome were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with a good outcome (76%) had significantly lower nonambulatory rate and positive prone and supine position tests preoperatively; lower rates of T-OPLL, ossification of the ligamentum flavum, high-intensity area at the same level, thoracic spinal cord alignment difference, and spinal canal stenosis on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging; lower estimated blood loss; higher rates of intraoperative spinal cord floating and absence of deterioration of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring; and lower rates of postoperative complications (P &lt; .0005). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, negative prone and supine position test (odds ratio [OR]: 17.00), preoperative ambulatory status (OR: 6.05), absence of T-OPLL, ossification of the ligamentum flavum, high-intensity area at the same level (OR: 5.84), intraoperative spinal cord floating (OR: 4.98), and lower estimated blood loss (OR: 1.01) were significant factors for a good surgical outcome. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that early surgery is recommended during these positive factors. Appropriate surgical planning based on preoperative thoracic spinal cord alignment difference, as well as sufficient spinal cord decompression and reduction of complications using intraoperative ultrasonography and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, may improve surgical outcomes.

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