scholarly journals Prediction of Outcome for Transabdominal Cerclage in Women with Cervical Insufficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Song ◽  
Keun Young Lee ◽  
Ga Hyun Son
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Cervical Insufficiency ◽  
Prediction Of Outcome

We investigated pregnancy outcome following transabdominal cerclage (TAC) in women with cervical insufficiency (CI) and explored parameters for predicting pregnancy outcomes following TAC. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 161 women with TAC. We considered demographic, obstetric, and gynecologic histories, pre- and postoperative cervical length (CL), and CL at 20–24 weeks as parameters for predicting outcomes following TAC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for predicting delivery before 34 weeks after TAC. 182 pregnancies occurred after TAC, and 290 pregnancies prior to TAC were identified. The rate of delivery <34 weeks significantly decreased following TAC (5% versus 82%,P<0.001). Univariate analysis demonstrated that a short CL (<25 mm) at 20–24 weeks and adenomyosis were associated with delivery at <34 weeks’ gestation following TAC (P=0.015andP=0.005, resp.). However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that only a short CL (<25 mm) at 20–24 weeks was a significant predictor (P=0.005). TAC is an efficacious procedure that prolongs pregnancy in women with CI. A short CL at 20–24 weeks may predict the delivery at <34 weeks’ gestation following TAC.

Campylobacteriosis outbreak associated with ingestion of mud during a mountain bike race

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1695-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. STUART ◽  
J. SANDHU ◽  
R. STIRLING ◽  
J. CORDER ◽  
A. ELLIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Mountain Bike

SUMMARYOne of the largest reported campylobacteriosis outbreaks in Canada occurred in June 2007 in British Columbia, associated with a mountain bike race that took place in muddy conditions. A retrospective cohort study was conducted and environmental samples were collected and tested. There were 537 racers included in the study and 225 racers (42%) reported diarrhoeal illness after the race.C. jejuniclinical isolates (n=14) were found to be identical by multi-locus sequence typing. Although univariate analysis suggested water consumption and mud exposure as significant risk factors, multivariate analysis revealed that on direct ingestion mud was significantly associated with illness (OR 4·08, 95% CI 2·03–8·21). Contaminated mud was thus the most likely source ofCampylobacterinfection. We identified other unpublished reports of outbreaks associated with bike races in rainy or muddy conditions; these underscore the importance of educating racers and raising public awareness of the risks of mud ingestion.

scholarly journals Smoking increases the risk of surgical site infection after hydrocelectomy in adults: a retrospective cohort study in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 950-956
Author(s):  
Thiago Silva Da Costa ◽  
Paulo José De Medeiros ◽  
Mauro José Costa Salles
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Site Infection

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) following hydrocelectomy is relatively uncommon, but it is one of the main post-operative problems. We aimed to describe the prevalence of SSI following hydrocelectomy among adult patients, and to assess predisposing risk factors for infection. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at a university hospital and included hydrocelectomies performed between January 2007 and December 2014. Diagnosis of SSI was performed according to the Center for Diseases Control (CDC) guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors. Results: A total of 196 patients were included in the analysis. Overall, 30 patients were diagnosed with SSI (15.3%) and of these, 63.3% (19/30) were classified as having superficial SSI, while 36.7% (11/30) had deep SSI. The main signs and symptoms of infection were the presence of surgical wound secretion (70%) and inflammatory superficial signs such as hyperemia, edema and pain (60%). Among the 53 patients presenting chronic smoking habits, 26.4% (14⁄53) developed SSI, which was associated with a higher risk for SSI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27 to 6.35, p < 0.01) in the univariate analysis. In the adjusted multivariable analysis, smoking habits were also statistically associated with SSI after hydrocelectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30 to 6.24, p = 0.01). No pre-, intra-, or post-operative variable analyzed showed an independent association to SSI following hydrocelectomy. Conclusions: Smoking was the only independent modifiable risk factor for SSI in the multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals Risk factors for death among children aged 5–14 years hospitalised with pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Macpherson ◽  
Morris Ogero ◽  
Samuel Akech ◽  
Jalemba Aluvaala ◽  
David Gathara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionThere were almost 1 million deaths in children aged between 5 and 14 years in 2017, and pneumonia accounted for 11%. However, there are no validated guidelines for pneumonia management in older children and data to support their development are limited. We sought to understand risk factors for mortality among children aged 5–14 years hospitalised with pneumonia in district-level health facilities in Kenya.MethodsWe did a retrospective cohort study using data collected from an established clinical information network of 13 hospitals. We reviewed records for children aged 5–14 years admitted with pneumonia between 1 March 2014 and 28 February 2018. Individual clinical signs were examined for association with inpatient mortality using logistic regression. We used existing WHO criteria (intended for under 5s) to define levels of severity and examined their performance in identifying those at increased risk of death.Results1832 children were diagnosed with pneumonia and 145 (7.9%) died. Severe pallor was strongly associated with mortality (adjusted OR (aOR) 8.06, 95% CI 4.72 to 13.75) as were reduced consciousness, mild/moderate pallor, central cyanosis and older age (>9 years) (aOR >2). Comorbidities HIV and severe acute malnutrition were also associated with death (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.84 and aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.21, respectively). The presence of clinical characteristics used by WHO to define severe pneumonia was associated with death in univariate analysis (OR 2.69). However, this combination of clinical characteristics was poor in discriminating those at risk of death (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.68, and area under the curve: 0.62).ConclusionChildren >5 years have high inpatient pneumonia mortality. These findings also suggest that the WHO criteria for classification of severity for children under 5 years do not appear to be a valid tool for risk assessment in this older age group, indicating the urgent need for evidence-based clinical guidelines for this neglected population.

scholarly journals Spectrum of prenatally diagnosed neural tube defects at a tertiary referral hospital in North India: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 2010
Author(s):  
Nisha Malik ◽  
Savita Rani Singhal ◽  
Smiti Nanda ◽  
Daya Sirohiwal ◽  
Pushpa Dahiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Public Awareness

Background: Neural tube defects, although largely preventable, constitute an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The study aimed to identify incidence rate, demographic profile, risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes of women with prenatally diagnosed NTDs.Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed the case records of all antenatal women admitted in labour ward of Pt. B.D Sharma postgraduate institute of medical sciences, Rohtak, India with the prenatal diagnosis of NTDs on ultrasound from August 2018 to January 2020. The sociodemographic details, risk factors, obstetric history and pregnancy outcomes were noted. The mean, standard deviation and range values were calculated for normally distributed data. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage values.Results: From a total of 21,187 births, 90 had neural tube defects, making an incidence rate of 4.3 per 1000 births. Out of the 86 included cases of NTDs, 46.5% (n=40) had anencephaly, 45.3% (n=39) spina bifida, 5.8% (n=5) encephalocele and 2.3% (n=2) had mixed defects. Majority (69.7%, n=60) of the women were multigravida with a mean age of 24.9±4.2 years. Preconceptional folic acid intake was found in merely 2.3% (n=2) cases and during first trimester of pregnancy in 39.5% (n=40) cases. About 61.6% (n=53) cases who presented at ≤20 weeks gestation underwent pregnancy termination while 38.3% (n=33) had vaginal delivery, of which majority (90.7%) were still births.Conclusions: NTDs are one of the commonest preventable congenital anomalies. Ensuring periconceptional folate supplementation to women-either by food fortification, dietary modification and public awareness is urgently required.

scholarly journals Predictive Factors for the Efficacy of Voice Therapy for Pediatric Vocal Fold Nodule

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Chang Bin Yun ◽  
Young-Mo Kim ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Ji Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
The Voice

Background and Objectives Voice therapy (VT) is considered to be the gold standard of treatment of vocal fold nodule in children. This study was designed to analyze the success rate of pediatric VT and investigate the predictive factors for good response of periatic VT for vocal fold nodule.Materials and Method This was a retrospective cohort study of 23 patients under 18 years old who were diagnosed with vocal fold nodule and received pediatric VT. We divided the patients into responding and non-responding groups. We analyzed clinical and voice parameters related to the voice results.Results Twelve patients showed improved findings after VT. By univariate analysis, female patients (85.7%) and adolescence children (100%) showed a good response to VT. In multivariate analysis, female sex (p<0.05) and adolescence children (p<0.05) were significantly related to a successful voice response. Proton pump inhibitor or antihistamine, mucolytics treatment and pre-VT voice parameters did not significantly influence voice outcomes.Conclusion Pediatric VT is more effective in female and adolescence children.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of cetuximab as preemptive postsurgical therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with major risk: a single‐center retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonji Fukumoto ◽  
Yuta Sawatani ◽  
Ryo Shiraishi ◽  
Manabu Zama ◽  
Michiko Shimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery

SummaryA retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of preemptive postsurgical therapy with cetuximab for patients with a major risk of recurrence or metastasis after clinical complete resection of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The study period was from 2007 to 2019 for patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine. OSCC patients with major risk (n = 88) in the follow-up period were divided into groups with no postsurgical treatment (NP group), with standard postsurgical treatment (SP group), and with postsurgical treatment including cetuximab (CP group), and prognosis were compared among those groups. The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly higher in patients who received postsurgical treatment with cetuximab (CP) compared to that in the other two groups ((CP vs. NP, p = 0.028; CP vs. SP, p = 0.042). Furthermore, we performed multivariate analysis to evaluate the effects of the main components of the treatment. Among CDDP, radiotherapy, and cetuximab, only cetuximab significantly contributed to improved survival by univariate analysis (crude HR:0.228, 95%CI:0.05–0.968, p = 0.045). cetuximab also showed the same tendency in multivariate analysis, although p value did not reach significant level (Adjusted HR: 0.233, 95%CI: 0.053–1.028, p = 0.054). The results suggest that the postsurgical treatment with cetuximab as a preemptive postsurgical therapy after complete surgical resection of a visible tumor is considerably effective for OSCC patients with major risk, in other words, invisible dormant metastasis.

scholarly journals A retrospective cohort study of risk factors and pregnancy outcomes in 14,014 Chinese pregnant women

Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (33) ◽  
pp. e11748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Yang ◽  
Yi-Hua Fang ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort

A Retrospective Cohort Study of Glossopharyngeal Nerve Taste in Children with Recurrent Acute Tonsillitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Hill ◽  
Suveera Dang ◽  
Michael Beach ◽  
Eunice Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Insurance Type ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective To compare glossopharyngeal taste between healthy children and those with recurrent acute tonsillitis. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Pediatric clinics in a tertiary care medical center and satellite location. Subjects and Methods Smell and taste testing was administered to 80 well children and 64 children with recurrent acute tonsillitis (age range, 6-17 years). Smell testing was performed with the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test, with scores based on national averages for age and sex. Validated Taste Strips were placed on the midline of the tongue at the circumvallate papillae in random tastant order and in increasing concentrations to test sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. Ordinal logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results The healthy and tonsillitis groups were similar, with mean ages of 11.3 and 10.8 years ( P = .34), respectively. The tonsillitis group had fewer boys (n = 18 vs 43, P = .002), higher mean body mass index (BMI) percentile (n = 72.2 vs 59.8, P = .01), and more subjects with public or no insurance (n = 24 vs 13, P = .004). Univariate analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in rate of normal overall taste (67.2% vs 60%, P = .39) and in sweet (79.7% vs 82.5%, P = .67), salty (85.9% vs 82.8%, P = .82), sour (64.1% vs 70%, P = .48), and bitter (90.6% vs 86.3%, P = .45). In multivariate analysis, smell ability, sex, BMI percentile, parent BMI, and insurance type did not affect overall taste or sweet, salty, sour, or bitter alone. Conclusion Despite controlling for potential intrinsic (sex, smell, BMI) and extrinsic (parent BMI, insurance type) confounders, there was no statistically significant difference in taste among children with recurrent acute tonsillitis as compared with healthy children.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the development of ventral incisional hernia post abdominal surgery: a retrospective cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Sidhu ◽  
Declan Siedler ◽  
Richard Turner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Incisional Hernia ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Ventral Incisional Hernia

Background: Ventral incisional hernia (VIH) is one of the most common post-operative complications following abdominal surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate and risk factors associated with development of a ventral incisional hernia (VIH).Methods: Patients who underwent major abdominal surgery between 2010 and 2012 at a single institution were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from medical records. The primary outcome was clinical or radiological evidence of incisional hernia; explanatory variables were patient demographics and potential clinico-pathological risk factors for hernia development.Results: A total of 295 patients who underwent laparotomy were analysed. 45 (15.25%) patients were found to have a ventral incisional hernia on follow-up. The median time to development of hernia was 351 days. There were equal numbers of elective (N=22) and emergency (N=23) operations that developed an incisional hernia. Of the explanatory variables considered diabetes, hypertension (HTN) and body mass index (BMI) had persistent significant positive associations with the development of an incisional hernia. On univariable analysis diabetes (HR = 2.73, p-value = 0.004) and hypertension (HR =2.17, p-value = 0.016) were identified as independent risk factors for hernia development. BMI was also significantly associated with development of an incisional hernia on univariate analysis, but due to missing data this did not reach statistical significance on multivariable analysis.Conclusions: Although there are several risk factors to development of VIH, diabetes and HTN were associated with development of incisional hernia in our study. BMI also appears to be an important determinant of development of VIH. Further research in this area is likely to identify an at-risk subset of patients, who may benefit from weight loss prior to surgery or prophylactic mesh post-laparotomy. 

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