scholarly journals Efficacy of Mouthwashes Containing Hydrogen Peroxide on Tooth Whitening

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Karadas ◽  
Omer Hatipoglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide compared with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. Fifty enamel-dentin samples were obtained from bovine incisors and then stained in a tea solution. The stained samples were randomly divided into five groups according to the whitening product applied (n=10): AS: no whitening (negative control), with the samples stored in artificial saliva; CR: Crest 3D White mouthwash; LS: Listerine Whitening mouthwash; SC: Scope White mouthwash; and OP group: 10% CP Opalescence PF (positive control). Color measurements were carried out with a spectrophotometer before staining, after staining, and on the 7th, 28th, and 56th day of the whitening period. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey post hoc test. The color change (ΔE) was significantly greater in all the groups compared to that of the AS group. After 56 days, no significant differences were found among the mouthwash products with respect to color change (P>0.05). The whiteness of the teeth treated with the mouthwashes increased significantly over time. Nevertheless, the color change achieved with the mouthwashes was significantly lower than that achieved with the 10% CP at-home bleaching gel.

scholarly journals In vitro tooth whitening effectiveness of whitening mouth rinses

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e206779
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Morona Rodrigues ◽  
Mariele Cristina Klein ◽  
Mauro Antonio Dall Agnol ◽  
Sinval Adalberto Rodrigues-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Immersion Period ◽  
Over Time

Regardless of the extensive availability of mouth rinses that claim to whiten teeth, evidence of achievement of such effect is still missing. Aim: Therefore, this study assessed in vitro the whitening effectiveness of whitening mouth rinses. Methods: Sixty intact bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and had their buccal surface flattened and polished. Then, the specimens were randomly allocated to three conventional (Colgate Plax, Cepacol and Listerine Cool Mint) and three whitening mouth rinse groups (Colgate Luminous White, Cepacol Whitening and Listerine Whitening Extreme) (n=10). Following, the specimens were immersed twice a day in the mouth rinses for one minute for 28 days. In between each immersion period, the specimens remained in artificial saliva at 37oC. Color was measured at baseline, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days using a portable spectrophotometer (Easyshade, Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) with a 6 mm of diameter probe. Color change was analyzed considering the parameters of ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b* and, ultimately, ∆E*. The whitening efficacy of the mouth rinses was analyzed using the Whiteness Index for Dentistry (WID). Data of ∆s was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: The type of mouth rinse affected significantly all the ∆ parameters (p<0.05). A non-whitening (conventional) mouth rinse produced the highest ΔE*, followed by the three whitening mouth rinses. The application time also affected ΔE* (p<0.05), with emphasis on the third week of treatment. Only the hydrogen peroxide-containing mouth rinse (Listerine Whitening Extreme) presented a whitening effect, with an increasing trend over time. Conclusion: Although the overall color change was not different when comparing conventional and whitening mouth rinses, the hydrogen peroxide-containing whitening mouth rinse produces an increasing whitening trend over time. Not every mouth rinse that claims to whiten teeth produces the desired effect.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Over-the-Counter Products on Tooth Whitening

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Karadas ◽  
Zeynep Yesil Duymus
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cielab System

<p>This <italic>in vitro</italic> study evaluated the whitening effect of four different over-the-counter products compared with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel. Specimens obtained from bovine incisors were stained in a tea solution and randomly divided into six groups according to the product used (n=10): CT: conventional toothpaste (negative control); CWT: Crest 3D White toothpaste; CWR: Crest 3D White mouth rinse; CWS: Crest 3D White strips; DW: Dazzling White (paint-on gel); and OP: Opalescence PF 10% CP (at-home bleaching gel, positive control). Over-the-counter products and 10% CP were used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Color measurements were performed according to the CIELab system using spectrophotometer after staining, and after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment procedure. The ∆E, ∆L, ∆a, and ∆b values were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Tukey's test for multiple comparisons was applied (p<0.05). All groups, except CWT, were effective in tooth whitening in comparison with conventional toothpaste. There was no significant difference in tooth whitening between CWT and CT (p=0.93). CWS, DW and OP groups presented significantly higher color changes than the CWR group. DW and CWS showed similar tooth whitening to OP.</p>

Effect of Sodium Tripolyphosphate on Color Stability of In-Office Bleached Teeth

2013 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Huang Qin Chen ◽  
Bin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Color Change ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polyanionsodium tripolyphosphate (STP) on color stability of the bleached enamel upon exposure to a staining agent-red wine. Thirty specimens were prepared and bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Then, they were divided into three groups and immersed in different experiment solutions, including distilled and deionized water (DDW, negative control), 2% STP (PH 9.0) and 1000 ppm NaF aq. (positive control), before and after red wine stain challenge, 3 times per day. The color of all specimens was measured before and after exposure to red wine with a spectrophotometer, and total color change (ΔE*) were calculated. The data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and the means were compared by Tukeys post hoc analysis (α=0.05). STP treatment group demonstrated significantly less color change than DDW and NaF groups (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between DDW and NaF group. It can be concluded that the staining susceptibility of bleached enamel decreased after application of polyanion sodium tripolyphosphate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In-office Vital Tooth Whitening Combined with Different Concentrations of At-home Peroxides: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Leandro Féliz-Matos ◽  
Ninoska Abreu-Placeres ◽  
Luis Miguel Hernandez ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Matuk ◽  
Patricia Grau-Grullón
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
At Home

Background: The clinical evidence relate the effect of associating the in-office and at home vital tooth whitening, describing positive effects on tooth color change and reduction of dental sensitivity. Objective: The purpose of this randomized double-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the effect on the shortened application of in-office vital tooth whitening combined with different concentrations of at-home peroxides in the final tooth color change and dental sensitivity. Methods: Randomized double-blind clinical trial with 120 participants between 18-65 years, allocated in four tooth whitening treatment groups: G1= Carbamide Peroxide 10% + Hydrogen Peroxide 40%, G2= Carbamide Peroxide 15% + Hydrogen Peroxide 40%, G3= Carbamide Peroxide 20% + Hydrogen Peroxide 40%, G4= Hydrogen Peroxide 10% + Hydrogen Peroxide 40% was conducted. Tooth color was measured at baseline and dental sensitivity and tooth color change during and after treatment. Results: No statistical significant differences were found in tooth color change (superior arch p= 0.183 / inferior arch p= 0.374), and in dental sensitivity (p=0.268). Conclusion: Reducing the application time of in-office whitening, combined with in-home products was effective in improving the color. All groups resulted in identical final color change and dental sensitivity. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02682329 Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02682329?term=hydrogen+peroxide.

scholarly journals Whitening mouthwash containing hydrogen peroxide decreases enamel microhardness in vitro.

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Pelegrim Fernandes ◽  
Cecília Pedroso Turssi ◽  
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França ◽  
Roberta Tarkany Basting ◽  
Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Bleaching Treatment ◽  
Over Time

Aim: To assess the effect of a mouthwash containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) on Knoop microhardness (KMH) of bovine enamel. Methods: Fifty-one enamel slabs were polished and divided into groups (n=17), according to the product used during 28 days: HP – mouthwash containing 1,5% of HP (4 min, once/day); CP - 10% carbamide peroxide gel (2 hours/day); AS - no treatment (kept in artificial saliva (AS). Each fragment was submitted to KMH test (three indentations/fragment, with a 50 g load for 5 sec) four times: before (baseline); during (14 and 28 days) and after (7 days immerged in AS) the bleaching treatment. The data were submitted to repeated-measures two-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Results: There was no effect of the interaction between the time and treatment factors (p=0.327). No significant effect was observed from the time factor (p = 0.054). The factor treatment showed significant effect (p =0.002). Regardless of time, the KMH of the enamel submitted to HP was lower than the value observed with the use of CP, which did not differ significantly from the control group (AS). Conclusion: Although there was a trend of decreasing enamel microhardness over time, only the mouthwash containing hydrogen peroxide had a significant effect.

scholarly journals Employment of Reservoirs in At-Home Whitening Trays: Efficacy and Efficiency in Tooth Whitening

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Qian ◽  
Serena Geisinger ◽  
So Ran Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Artificial Teeth ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACT Aim This study aimed to determine the efficacy of trays made with and without reservoirs, in conjunction with time and cost evaluations, by measuring color change with home whitening procedures. Materials and methods Extracted human maxillary teeth (central incisors n = 20; canines n = 20; molars n = 20) and 60 artificial teeth (lateral n = 20; premolar n = 40) were mounted into ten typodonts. Tray fabrication was completed such that a blockout resin reservoir was placed on half of the buccal surface of the tray, while the other half remained without a reservoir. Whitening with custom fabricated trays was performed based on two different whitening regimens, where each regimen was assigned to five typodonts: Night-time: Opalescence PF 10% carbamide peroxide for 8 hours daily and Day-time: Philips DayWhite 9.5% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes, twice daily. Both systems were applied for 1 week. To evaluate tooth shade, the VITA Easyshade® Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer was used. Color measurements were obtained at baseline (T1), 1-day post-whitening (T2), and 1 month post-whitening (T3). One-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Tukey's HSD test, was used to detect significant difference in the overall color change (ΔE*) among the four groups at T2 and T3. Additionally, paired-sample t-test was used to assess difference in ΔE* between T2 and T3 treatment within each of four techniques of tray fabrication. Results No significant difference in ΔE* was found among the four groups at T2 and T3 (p > 0.05 in each instance). There were significant differences in mean ΔE* between T2 and T3 treatment for the day white treatment groups without reservoir (6.96 vs 10.19 respectively; p = 0.0026) and with reservoirs (6.23 vs 9.79 respectively; p = 0.0031). Conclusion The use of reservoirs does not have a significant effect on whitening efficacy, regardless of type of whitening material and regimen. Clinical significance The use of custom fabricated trays with or without reservoirs were equally effective in whitening teeth. How to cite this article Geisinger S, Kwon SR, Qian F. Employment of Reservoirs in At-Home Whitening Trays: Efficacy and Efficiency in Tooth Whitening. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):383-388.

scholarly journals Effects of different degrees of acidity and concentration of bleaching agents on human enamel mineral content and surface morphology over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pereira Andrade ◽  
Angela Mayumi Shimaoka ◽  
Marcio Vivan Cardoso ◽  
Rubens Côrte Real Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Repeated Applications

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH and concentration of bleaching agents on the mineral content and surface morphology of human dental enamel for 14 days. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: Eighty human central incisors were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=10): G1-7.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=9.0; G2–9.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=9.0; G3-7.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=7.0; G4-9.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=7.0; G5-10% carbamide peroxide/pH=5.0; G6-16% carbamide peroxide/pH=5.0; G7-37% phosphoric acid 15s (positive control); G8-no treatment (negative control). The mineral analysis of the bleaching gel collected was assessed by ICP-AES and surface morphology was observed by SEM. <strong>Results</strong>: Friedman and Dunn’s statistical test demonstrated significant differences among the proposed treatments (p&lt;0.01). No significant difference was found among groups treated with hydrogen peroxide (G1, G2, G3, and G4) or among groups G5, G6 and G7 (p&gt;0.01). However, the latter groups showed significantly higher values as compared to groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 (p&lt;0.01). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Alteration in enamel mineral content may not be influenced by concentration when bleaching agents with the same pH are compared. The most apparent alterations in mineral content and surface morphology may be noted when more acidic products are used. The daily mineral content measurement may not be influenced by repeated applications of bleaching agents.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Dental bleaching; Mineral content; Enamel; Peroxide; Demineralization; pH.</p>

A novel carbamide peroxide polymeric nanoparticle bleaching gel: Color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration inside the pulp cavity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Favoreto ◽  
Mariniella P. Madureira ◽  
Viviane Hass ◽  
Bianca M. Maran ◽  
Sibelli O. Parreiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticle

scholarly journals Evaluation of ionic degradation and slot corrosion of metallic brackets by the action of different dentifrices

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Gustavo Antônio Martins Brandão ◽  
Rafael Menezes Simas ◽  
Leandro Moreira de Almeida ◽  
Juliana Melo da Silva ◽  
Marcelo de Castro Meneghim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Surface Polishing ◽  
Aluminium Ion ◽  
Negative Controls

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro ionic degradation and slot base corrosion of metallic brackets subjected to brushing with dentifrices, through analysis of chemical composition by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and qualitative analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Thirty eight brackets were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7). Two groups (n = 5) worked as positive and negative controls. Simulated orthodontic braces were assembled using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wires and elastomeric rings. The groups were divided according to surface treatment: G1 (Máxima Proteção Anticáries®); G2 (Total 12®); G3 (Sensitive®); G4 (Branqueador®); Positive control (artificial saliva) and Negative control (no treatment). Twenty eight brushing cycles were performed and evaluations were made before (T0) and after (T1) experiment. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in ionic concentrations of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) between groups. G2 presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion (Al). Groups G3 and G4 presented significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion. The SEM analysis showed increased characteristics indicative of corrosion on groups G2, G3 and G4. CONCLUSION: The EDS analysis revealed that control groups and G1 did not suffer alterations on the chemical composition. G2 presented degradation in the amount of Al ion. G3 and G4 suffered increase in the concentration of Al. The immersion in artificial saliva and the dentifrice Máxima Proteção Anticáries® did not alter the surface polishing. The dentifrices Total 12®, Sensitive® and Branqueador® altered the surface polishing.

scholarly journals Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Spons Melophlus sarasinorum Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Sel Makrofag Pada Mencit Jantan Balb/C

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Yusuf ◽  
Fadhliyah Malik ◽  
Adryan Fristiohady Lubis ◽  
Astrid Indalifiany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

Immunomodulator is an ingredient or drug that can modulate immune system functions and activities. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge on macrophage phagocytosis activity. Twenty four male mice balb/c were divided into six groups. The first group received 100 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge, the second group received 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge, the third group received 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge and the fourth group received 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge. The positive control group received Phyllanthus niruri linn extract (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/g and the negative control group received NaCMC 0,5%. The extract was orally administered from first day to seventh day. On the eighth day, each of the mice was injected Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (SA) 0.5 mL intraperitoneally. Macrophage cell activity is calculated from smears of peritoneal fluid of mice. Increased doses of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge increase the amount of macrophage phagocytosis activity that are 25,25% (negative control), 61,5% (positive control), 55,75% (100 mg/kg), 60,75% (200 mg/kg), 62,25% (300 mg/kg) dan 66,25% (400 mg/kg). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge has the potential as immunomodulator at a doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kg with no significantly different effectiveness with positive control in increasing macrophage cell phagocytosis activity based on the result of post-hoc statistical test of Tukey (sig.> 0,05).  

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