scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physical Quality of Locally Packaged Drinking Water in Kampala, Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Ali Halage ◽  
Charles Ssemugabo ◽  
David K. Ssemwanga ◽  
David Musoke ◽  
Richard K. Mugambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sachet Water

Objective. To assess the bacteriological and physical quality of locally packaged drinking water sold for public consumption.Methods. This was cross-sectional study where a total of 60 samples of bottled water from 10 brands and 30 samples of sachet water from 15 brands purchased randomly were analyzed for bacteriological contamination (total coliform and faecal coliform per 100 mL) using membrane filtrate method and reported in terms of cfu/100 mL.Results. Both bottled water and sachet water were not contaminated with faecal coliform. Majority (70%, 21/30) of the sachet water analyzed exceeded acceptable limits of 0 total coliforms per 100 mL set by WHO and the national drinking water standards. The physical quality (turbidity and pH) of all the packaged water brands analyzed was within the acceptable limits. There was statistically significant difference between the median count of total coliform in both sachet water and bottled water brands (U(24)=37.0,p=0.027).Conclusion. Both bottled water and sachet water were not contaminated with faecal coliforms; majority of sachet water was contaminated with total coliform above acceptable limits. Government and other stakeholders should consider intensifying surveillance activities and enforcing strict hygienic measures in this rapidly expanding industry to improve packaged water quality.

scholarly journals Microbiological, chemical and physical quality of drinking water for commercial turkeys: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 2880-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Di Martino ◽  
A. Piccirillo ◽  
M. Giacomelli ◽  
D. Comin ◽  
A. Gallina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Quality

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

scholarly journals Microbial assessment of bottled drinking water of Kathmandu valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Timilshina ◽  
I Dahal ◽  
B Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional

INTRODUCTION: Due to increased demand and consumption of bottled water in Kathmandu valley, there has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of this product. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial contamination of heterotrophs and total coliform. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross sectional study was done in randomly selected 30 different commercial brand of bottled water available in commercial market of Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated by the membrane filtration and spread plate technique, respectively. RESULTS: Nineteen samples (63.3%) showed the heterotrophic bacterial count above the acceptable range (i.e. <50 cfu/ml) and 56.6% (n=17) samples showed the total coliforms count crossed the WHO guidelines (i.e. 0 cfu/ml). 83.3% (n=25) brands of bottled water were not safe for drinking as they exceed the heterotrophic and/or total coliform count above the WHO guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of heterotrophs and the coliform in the bottled water is a serious concern for public health. Concerned authority should prioritize this issue and continuously monitor the quality of mushrooming bottled water manufacturers in Kathmandu valley to provide safe drinking water to the population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7399 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):84-86

scholarly journals Occurrence of Escherichia Coli in Packaged Drinking Water Distributed in Katabi Sub County Uganda. A Cross Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Serunjogi ◽  
Marion Byonanebye ◽  
Emmanuel Kizza
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sachet Water

Background: The world health organization (WHO) estimates that about a 1.1billion people drink unsafe water globally, and over 1.7 million deaths occur annually due to the consumption of water that is of faecal origin. Water in sachets is readily available and affordable but there is no concern about its safety. The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of Escherichia coli in packaged drinking water distributed in the Katabi sub country using the membrane filtration technique, isolation of organisms, and subjecting them to biochemical tests. The study was conducted in 2017. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used where Rwenzori, Riham water, Nevana, Highland, Blue wave, and sachet water were purposively selected in the main trading center within the Wakiso district. A total of 5 bottled water and 10 sachets of water were used. Duplicate sample (2) bottles of water from each were used. Therefore 30 samples of packaged water were used in this study. The bacteria were grown on media and confirmed using biochemical tests. Results: Sachet water contained pink lactose fermenting colonies on MacConkey culture media. Bottled water had no growth. The pink colonies were positive with Kligler iron agar (KIA), triple sugar iron agar (TSI), and sulphur and indole motility (SIM) positive. Conclusion and recommendation The majority of sachet water was contaminated with Escherichia coli an indicator of faecal contamination; and therefore, unsuitable for human consumption. The government of Uganda should carry out surveillance activities to enforce strict hygienic measures on sachet water producers and distributors.

scholarly journals Diabetes knowledge, risk perception, and quality of life among South Asian caregivers in young adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001268
Author(s):  
Angela Koipuram ◽  
Sandra Carroll ◽  
Zubin Punthakee ◽  
Diana Sherifali
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Design And Methods

IntroductionPersons of South Asian descent have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of T2DM in the South Asian community has required the support of adult children, potentially impacting the quality of life, diabetes-related knowledge, and risk perception among these caregivers.Research design and methodsTo investigate diabetes-related knowledge, quality of life, risk perception, and actual risk of developing diabetes among South Asian young adults whose parents are living with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted (n=150). An online survey was administered. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in diabetes-related knowledge between males and females (p<0.001). Males (in comparison to females) had a lower risk perception of developing diabetes (p=0.06). Further, risk perception and diabetes-related knowledge were positively associated with caregiver’s physical health (p=0.002).ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of providing gender-specific and culturally tailored diabetes educational interventions.

Abstract P546: Sleep Quality in Medical Students A Cross-sectional Study

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian S Costa ◽  
Marina C Marins ◽  
Jocasta C Ansel ◽  
Carolina P Tavares ◽  
Fernanda T Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Hours

Introduction: Medical students, susceptible to sleep disorders, have irregular sleep-awake cycle, with repercussions on the quality of life and reduced academic performance, often with greater incidence of psychiatric disorders, estimated at 15% to 25% during your academic training. Objective: To evaluate the sleep habits in students of medical school in a private college of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Method: This subset study is a part of an observational study with cross-sectional delineation, with data collected through the application of an anonymous questionnaire, where they were asked about the number (and modification) of hours they sleep daily, in addition to reports of “stress and anxiety”. These data collected formed the basis of an instrument for assessing the quality of life on the medical students of this College. Results: We analyzed data from 481 students: 82 (17%) at the first year, 118 (24.5%) at the second year, 99 (20.6%) at the third, 64 (13.3%) and 118 (24.5%) within the fifth and sixth years. The average age was 21.7 years (16-42) and 306 (63.6%) of female gender. As for the hours of sleep, 445 students (92.5%) report 5 to 8 hours of sleep, and 216 (44.9%) a minimum of 6 hours. In the sleep of the weekends, 394 (81.9%) reported change in the number of hours and, 313 (65.1%) referred to a reduction after the entrance into college. It was reported "some level of stress and anxiety,“ not related to the least number of hours sleepping (0.07). Comparing the data obtained among the 199 students of the first and second years (62.8% female-group A) to 117 at fifth and sixth years (70.9% female-group B), we observed similarity in relation to (1) number of 5 to 8 hours sleepping (A 92.9% x 90.5% B), (2) change the hours of sleepping on the weekends (A 81.9% x 79.5% B), and (3) reduction of sleepping hours after the entrance into College (A 81.9% x 78.6% B). With regard to the report of "stress and anxiety”, we observed statistically significant difference between the groups (A 100% x 88% B, p < 0.03). Conclusion: The change in lifestyle imposed on joining a new school learning model, generates anxiety and loss of sleep hours among students. The development of resilience and adaptation to change, both individual and institutional, may have been responsible to varying degrees of stress.

scholarly journals Family Health Strategies: Profile/quality of life of people with diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2899-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudete Moreschi ◽  
Claudete Rempel ◽  
Daiana Foggiato de Siqueira ◽  
Dirce Stein Backes ◽  
Luis Felipe Pissaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Women Elderly ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the quality of life and to analyze the epidemiological profile of people with diabetes treated in Family Health Strategies. Method: A cross-sectional study carried out with 350 people with diabetes. Results: Most people with diabetes are women, elderly, married, white, with low educational level, retired/pensioners, family income of up to two minimum wages. As the time of people with the disease increases, their quality of life decreases. People with complications from diabetes have a lower quality of life, with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Knowledge of the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical evaluation and quality of life of people with diabetes can improve the care process provided to this population.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Quality of Health-Related WeChat Public Accounts: Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/14826 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e14826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhi Wang ◽  
Zhuoxin Wang ◽  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Xiumu Yang ◽  
Zhiwei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Related

Background As representatives of health information communication platforms accessed through mobile phones and mobile terminals, health-related WeChat public accounts (HWPAs) have a large consumer base in the Chinese-speaking world. However, there is still a lack of general understanding of the status quo of HWPAs and the quality of the articles they release. Objective The aims of this study were to assess the conformity of HWPAs to the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode) and to evaluate the suitability of articles disseminated by HWPAs. Methods The survey was conducted from April 23 to May 5, 2019. Based on the monthly (March 1-31, 2019) WeChat Index provided by Qingbo Big Data, the top 100 HWPAs were examined to evaluate their HONcode compliance. The first four articles published by each HWPA on the survey dates were selected as samples to evaluate their suitability. All materials were assessed by three raters. The materials were assessed using the HONcode checklist and the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) score sheet. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) and Excel version 2013 (Microsoft Inc, Washington DC, USA). Results A total of 93 HWPAs and 210 of their released articles were included in this study. For six of the eight principles, the 93 HWPAs nearly consistently did not meet the requirements of the HONcode. The HWPAs certified by Tencent Corporation (66/93, 71%) were generally slightly superior to those without such certification (27/93, 29%) in terms of compliance with HONcode principles. The mean SAM score for the 210 articles was 67.72 (SD 10.930), which indicated “adequate” suitability. There was no significant difference between the SAM scores of the articles published by certified and uncertified HWPAs (P=.07), except in the literacy requirements dimension (tdf=97=–2.418, P=.02). Conclusions The HWPAs had low HONcode conformity. Although the suitability of health information released by HWPAs was at a moderate level, there were still problems identified, such as difficulty in tracing information sources, excessive implicit advertisements, and irregular usage of charts. In addition, the low approval requirements of HWPAs were not conducive to improvement of their service quality.

scholarly journals Quality of Life and Female Sexual Dysfunction in Croatian Women with Stress-, Urgency- and Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Ivan Radoja ◽  
Dunja Degmečić
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Female Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and objectives: Urinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine. Studies have reported that the severity of urinary incontinence symptoms can cause decreased quality of life and female sexual dysfunction in women, but the association between the duration of the incontinence and the aforementioned disturbances has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in the occurrence of decreased quality of life and female sexual dysfunction in Croatian women with urinary incontinence, with regard to the duration and subtype of urinary incontinence. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from March 2017 to July 2018 at our neurourology and urodynamics outpatient clinic, among 120 women with urinary incontinence symptoms. Based on medical history, physical exam and urodynamic assessment, participants were divided into groups with stress-, urgency- and mixed urinary incontinence. Several quality of life and female sexual dysfunction questionnaires were used for evaluation. The differences between the three UI groups were tested by the Kruskal–Wallis test. All p values were two-sided. The level of significance was set to Alpha = 0.05. Results: The mixed urinary incontinence group had a significantly inferior quality of life (p = 0.003) and lower scores on the female sexual dysfunction questionnaires (p = 0.02). The longer the duration of incontinence King’s Health Questionnaire total score was worse (p = 0.003) and Female Sexual Function Index total score was worse (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of decreased quality of life and female sexual dysfunction considering the duration and subtype of incontinence in Croatian women.

scholarly journals Antenatal counselling- is it adequate? A cross-sectional study from Chandigarh tricity, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Anupama Dhiman ◽  
Naveen K. Goel ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Navpreet . ◽  
Abhiruchi Galhotra
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) provides an important opportunity to improve maternal understanding about pregnancy, childbirth, and care of the newborn. Adequate and quality ANC can help ensure a favourable pregnancy outcome, but the coverage of ANC in India remains inadequate. The present study was conducted with an objective to assess ante natal counselling services at health centers in Chandigarh Tricity.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Chandigarh Tricity during April 2012 to September 2013. Stratified multistage sampling technique was used to select health centers in tricity. A total of 345 pregnant women in second and third Trimester were interviewed with the help of pre-designed, structured and pre-tested questionnaire after taking their written informed consent. It was supplemented by observation of ante natal sessions. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19.Results: Nearly one-fourth (28.1%) participants received counselling regarding diet and rest. Only 26 (07.5%) participants were explained about danger signs during pregnancy. Significant difference was found between counseling given regarding ‘diet and rest’ with respect to city (p=0.03) and health centers (p=0.00). Significant difference was found between counselling for ‘family planning’ with respect to city (p=0.01) and health centers (p=0.00).Conclusions: Findings from our study indicate low level of counselling on various components of ANC. Thus, strategies under National Health Mission to improve quality of antenatal communication as well as maternal understanding should be strengthened.

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