scholarly journals Therapeutic Touch Has Significant Effects on Mouse Breast Cancer Metastasis and Immune Responses but Not Primary Tumor Size

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Gronowicz ◽  
Eric R. Secor ◽  
John R. Flynn ◽  
Evan R. Jellison ◽  
Liisa T. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Integrative Medicine ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Therapeutic Touch ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biofield Therapy ◽  
Mouse Breast Cancer

Evidence-based integrative medicine therapies have been introduced to promote wellness and offset side-effects from cancer treatment. Energy medicine is an integrative medicine technique using the human biofield to promote well-being. The biofield therapy chosen for study was Therapeutic Touch (TT). Breast cancer tumors were initiated in mice by injection of metastatic 66cl4 mammary carcinoma cells. The control group received only vehicle. TT or mock treatments were performed twice a week for 10 minutes. Two experienced TT practitioners alternated treatments. At 26 days, metastasis to popliteal lymph nodes was determined by clonogenic assay. Changes in immune function were measured by analysis of serum cytokines and by fluorescent activated cells sorting (FACS) of immune cells from the spleen and lymph nodes. No significant differences were found in body weight gain or tumor size. Metastasis was significantly reduced in the TT-treated mice compared to mock-treated mice. Cancer significantly elevated eleven cytokines. TT significantly reduced IL-1-a, MIG, IL-1b, and MIP-2 to control/vehicle levels. FACS demonstrated that TT significantly reduced specific splenic lymphocyte subsets and macrophages were significantly elevated with cancer. Human biofield therapy had no significant effect on primary tumor but produced significant effects on metastasis and immune responses in a mouse breast cancer model.

scholarly journals The Numbers of FoxP3+ Lymphocytes in Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Breast Cancer Patients Correlate With Primary Tumor Size but Not Nodal Status

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raavi Gupta ◽  
James S. Babb ◽  
Baljit Singh ◽  
Luis Chiriboga ◽  
Leonard Liebes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Nodes ◽  
Nodal Status ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Primary Tumor Size

Human biofield therapy does not affect tumor size but modulates immune responses in a mouse model for breast cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Gronowicz ◽  
Eric R. Secor ◽  
John R. Flynn ◽  
Liisa T. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Biofield Therapy

scholarly journals Systemic immune reaction in axillary lymph nodes adds to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer prognostication

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Liu ◽  
Thomas Hardiman ◽  
Kailiang Wu ◽  
Jelmar Quist ◽  
Patrycja Gazinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

AbstractThe level of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancers convey prognostic information. The importance of systemic immunity to local immunity is unknown in breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that histological alterations in axillary lymph nodes (LNs) carry clinical relevance. Here, we capture local immune responses by scoring TILs at the primary tumor and systemic immune responses by recording the formation of secondary follicles, also known as germinal centers, in 2,857 cancer-free and involved axillary LNs on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections from a retrospective cohort of 161 LN-positive triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Our data demonstrate that the number of germinal center formations across all cancer-free LNs, similar to high levels of TILs, is associated with a good prognosis in low TILs TNBC. This highlights the importance of assessing both primary and LN immune responses for prognostication and for future breast cancer research.

Histologic Grade Remains a Prognostic Factor for Breast Cancer Regardless of the Number of Positive Lymph Nodes and Tumor Size: A Study of 161 708 Cases of Breast Cancer From the SEER Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold M. Schwartz ◽  
Donald Earl Henson ◽  
Dechang Chen ◽  
Sivasankari Rajamarthandan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Nodal Status ◽  
Histologic Grade ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Data Set

Context.—The appropriate staging of breast cancers includes an evaluation of tumor size and nodal status. Histologic grade in breast cancer, though important and assessed for all tumors, is not integrated within tumor staging. Objective.—To determine whether the histologic grade remains a prognostic factor for breast cancer regardless of tumor size and the number of involved axillary lymph nodes. Design.—By using a new clustering algorithm, the 10-year survival for every combination of T, N, and the histologic grade was determined for cases of breast cancer obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. There were 36 combinations of TN, defined according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, and grade. Results.—For each combination of T and N, a categorical increase in the histologic grade was associated with a progressive decrease in 10-year survival regardless of the number of involved axillary lymph nodes or size of the primary tumor. Absolute survival differences between high and low grade persisted despite larger tumor sizes and greater nodal involvement, though trends were apparent with increasing breast cancer stage. Statistical significance depended on the number of cases for each combination. Conclusions.—Histologic grade continues to be of prognostic importance for overall survival despite tumor size and nodal status. Furthermore, these results seem to indicate that the assignment of the histologic grade has been consistent among pathologists when evaluated in a large data set of patients with breast cancer. The incorporation of histologic grade in TNM staging for breast cancer provides important prognostic information.

Predictors of Local-Regional Recurrence After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Mastectomy Without Radiation

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Buchholz ◽  
Susan L. Tucker ◽  
Lawrence Masullo ◽  
Henry M. Kuerer ◽  
Jessica Erwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Pathologic Complete Response ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Regional Recurrence ◽  
Postmastectomy Radiation ◽  
Local Regional Recurrence

PURPOSE: To define clinical and pathologic predictors of local-regional recurrence (LRR) for patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and mastectomy without radiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the outcome of the 150 breast cancer cases treated on prospective institutional trials with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and mastectomy without postmastectomy radiation. Clinical stage at diagnosis was I in 1%, II in 43%, IIIA in 23%, IIIB in 25%, and IV in 7%. No patient had inflammatory breast cancer. RESULTS: The median follow-up period of surviving patients was 4.1 years. The 5- and 10-year actuarial rates of LRR were both 27%. Pretreatment factors that positively correlated with LRR were increasing T stage (P < .0001) and increasing combined clinical stage (P < .0001). Pathologic and treatment factors that positively correlated with LRR were size of the residual primary tumor (P = .0048), increasing number of involved lymph nodes (P < .0001), and no use of tamoxifen (P = .0013). The LRR rate for the 18 patients with a pathologic complete response of both the primary tumor and lymph nodes (pCR) was 19% (95% confidence interval, 6% to 48%). In a forward stepwise Cox logistic regression analysis, clinical stage IIIB or greater (hazard ratio of 4.5, P < .001), pathologic involvement of four or more lymph nodes (hazard ratio of 2.7, P = .008), and no use of tamoxifen (hazard ratio of 3.9, P = .027) independently predicted for LRR. CONCLUSION: Advanced disease at presentation and positive lymph nodes after chemotherapy predict for clinically significant rates of LRR. Achievement of pCR does not preclude the need for postmastectomy radiation if warranted by the pretreatment stage of the disease.

4120Anti-tumor activity of a nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9 vaccine in BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Momtazi-Borojeni ◽  
M E Nik ◽  
M R Jaafari ◽  
M Banach ◽  
A Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibition

Abstract Background Although suppression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) has been known to be an effective lipid-lowering approach, the efficacy and safety of PCSK9 inhibitors in non-cardiovascular diseases, particularly cancer, are yet unknown. Purpose The present study aimed to evaluate effect of PCSK9 inhibition on cancer behavior and endpoints in mice model of breast tumor, using a nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9 vaccine. Methods The nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9 vaccine was formulated via conjugation of immunogenic PCSK9 peptide to the surface of nanoliposome particles by using DSPE-PEG-Maleimide lipid. The prepared vaccine was adsorbed to Alum adjuvant (L-IFPTA+) and immunized subcutaneously four times with a bi-weekly interval in BALB/c mice.Two weeks after the last immunization, the vaccinated and unvaccinated mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 4T1 breast carcinoma cells into the right flank. After tumor mass was palpable, the mice were randomly divided into four groups and subjected to different treatment protocols: (1) PBS (untreated control), (2) vaccine group, (3) the combination group which involved vaccinated tumor-bearing mice who received single tail vein injection of Doxil®, and (4) Doxil® (positive control) group which involved unvaccinated tumor-bearing mice who received Doxil®. To evaluate therapeutic efficacy, mouse body weight, tumor size, and survival were monitored every other day for 60 days. Results The vaccine was found to efficiently generate specific antibodies against PCSK9 in BALB/c mice, and thereby reduce concentration of plasma PCSK9 and impede its function. Evaluation of tumor size demonstrated that time to reach endpoint (TTE) of the vaccine, combination, Doxil, and control groups was 47±10, 57±4, 60±4, 39±9 days, respectively. Rate of tumor growth in vaccine, combination, and Doxil groups was decreased by 21, 48, 53%, respectively, when compared with the control group (Figure). In the vaccine group life span was increased by 4.2%, while the survival in the combination and Doxil group was significantly lower than the control group. Figure 1. Anti-PCSK9 vaccine efficacy. Conclusions Our results reveal that PCSK9 inhibition not only exerts no harmful effects, but also can moderately improve breast cancer behavior in animal model.

scholarly journals Bone Metastasis Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117822341983097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Yazdani ◽  
Sara Dorri ◽  
Alireza Atashi ◽  
Hoda Shirafkan ◽  
Hedieh Zabolinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective: Bone is the most common site of metastasis in breast cancer. Prognostic factors for predicting bone metastases in breast cancer are controversial yet. In this study, we investigated clinical factors associated with secondary bone metastasis of breast cancer. Methods: In total, 1690 patients with breast cancer recorded between 2002 and 2012 in Motamed Cancer Institute, Tehran, Iran entered in the retrospective study. We studied age, menopausal status, histologic type, tumor size, number of cancerous axillary lymph nodes, serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), carcinogenicity antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA)-153, and hemoglobin (HB) in 2 groups with bone metastases (n = 123) and without it, respectively. We applied logistic regression to identify bone metastasis prognostic factors in breast cancer patients and calculated the cut-off value, sensitivity, and characteristics of independent prognostic factors using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Menopause, larger tumor size, and the greater number of cancerous axillary lymph nodes increased the chance of bone metastases significantly ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between mean groups with and without bone metastases regarding serum concentration of CEA, CA-153, HB, and histopathologic type ( P > .05). Logistic regression showed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.021), menopausal status (OR = 1.854), number of cancerous axillary lymph nodes (OR = 1.065), a tumor size between 2 and 5 cm diameter (OR = 2.002) and more than 5 cm diameter (OR = 4.009), and ALP (OR = 1.005) are independent prognostic factors associated with bone metastases. The ROC curve showed that the abovementioned factors have comparable predictive accuracy for bone metastases. Conclusions: Age, menopausal status, number of axillary lymph node metastases, tumor size, and ALP were identified as prognostic factors for bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. So patients with these characteristics should be monitored more precisely with regular follow-ups.

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