scholarly journals Production and Application of a Soluble Hydrogenase fromPyrococcus furiosus

Archaea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Hao Wu ◽  
Patrick M. McTernan ◽  
Mary E. Walter ◽  
Michael W. W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Pyrococcus Furiosus ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Recombinant Enzymes ◽  
Energy Needs

Hydrogen gas is a potential renewable alternative energy carrier that could be used in the future to help supplement humanity’s growing energy needs. Unfortunately, current industrial methods for hydrogen production are expensive or environmentally unfriendly. In recent years research has focused on biological mechanisms for hydrogen production and specifically on hydrogenases, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reduction of protons to generate hydrogen. In particular, a better understanding of this enzyme might allow us to generate hydrogen that does not use expensive metals, such as platinum, as catalysts. The soluble hydrogenase I (SHI) from the hyperthermophilePyrococcus furiosus, a member of the euryarchaeota, has been studied extensively and used in various biotechnological applications. This review summarizes the strategies used in engineering and characterizing three different forms of SHI and the properties of the recombinant enzymes. SHI has also been used inin vitrosystems for hydrogen production and NADPH generation and these systems are also discussed.

scholarly journals In Vitro Reconstitution of an NADPH-Dependent Superoxide Reduction Pathway from Pyrococcus furiosus

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1522-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Grunden ◽  
Francis E. Jenney ◽  
Kesen Ma ◽  
Mikyoung Ji ◽  
Michael V. Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Pyrococcus Furiosus ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Flavin Mononucleotide ◽  
Superoxide Reductase ◽  
Recombinant Enzymes ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Midpoint Potential

ABSTRACT A scheme for the detoxification of superoxide in Pyrococcus furiosus has been previously proposed in which superoxide reductase (SOR) reduces (rather than dismutates) superoxide to hydrogen peroxide by using electrons from reduced rubredoxin (Rd). Rd is reduced with electrons from NAD(P)H by the enzyme NAD(P)H:rubredoxin oxidoreductase (NROR). The goal of the present work was to reconstitute this pathway in vitro using recombinant enzymes. While recombinant forms of SOR and Rd are available, the gene encoding P. furiosus NROR (PF1197) was found to be exceedingly toxic to Escherichia coli, and an active recombinant form (rNROR) was obtained via a fusion protein expression system, which produced an inactive form of NROR until cleavage. This allowed the complete pathway from NAD(P)H to the reduction of SOR via NROR and Rd to be reconstituted in vitro using recombinant proteins. rNROR is a 39.9-kDa protein whose sequence contains both flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)- and NAD(P)H-binding motifs, and it shares significant similarity with known and putative Rd-dependent oxidoreductases from several anaerobic bacteria, both mesophilic and hyperthermophilic. FAD was shown to be essential for activity in reconstitution assays and could not be replaced by flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The bound FAD has a midpoint potential of −173 mV at 23°C (−193 mV at 80°C). Like native NROR, the recombinant enzyme catalyzed the NADPH-dependent reduction of rubredoxin both at high (80°C) and low (23°C) temperatures, consistent with its proposed role in the superoxide reduction pathway. This is the first demonstration of in vitro superoxide reduction to hydrogen peroxide using NAD(P)H as the electron donor in an SOR-mediated pathway.

Metal-free catalytic hydrogen production from a polymethylhydrosilane–water mixture

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 5903-5906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chew Pheng Yap ◽  
Hwa Tiong Poh ◽  
Wai Yip Fan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogen

Hydrogen gas is the most promising carbon-free energy carrier although its on-demand generation remains a formidable challenge.

scholarly journals Archaeal Nucleic Acid Ligases and Their Potential in Biotechnology

Archaea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia R. Chambers ◽  
Wayne M. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Pyrococcus Furiosus ◽  
Bacteriophage T4 ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Dna Ligases ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Current State ◽  
Methanothermobacter Thermautotrophicus

With their ability to catalyse the formation of phosphodiester linkages, DNA ligases and RNA ligases are essential tools for many protocols in molecular biology and biotechnology. Currently, the nucleic acid ligases from bacteriophage T4 are used extensively in these protocols. In this review, we argue that the nucleic acid ligases from Archaea represent a largely untapped pool of enzymes with diverse and potentially favourable properties for new and emerging biotechnological applications. We summarise the current state of knowledge on archaeal DNA and RNA ligases, which makes apparent the relative scarcity of information onin vitroactivities that are of most relevance to biotechnologists (such as the ability to join blunt- or cohesive-ended, double-stranded DNA fragments). We highlight the existing biotechnological applications of archaeal DNA ligases and RNA ligases. Finally, we draw attention to recent experiments in which protein engineering was used to modify the activities of the DNA ligase fromPyrococcus furiosusand the RNA ligase fromMethanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, thus demonstrating the potential for further work in this area.

scholarly journals Effects of different operating parameters on hydrogen production by Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius DSM 6285

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Mohr ◽  
Habibu Aliyu ◽  
Lars Biebinger ◽  
Roman Gödert ◽  
Alexander Hornberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Individual Parameter ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Parageobacillus Thermoglucosidasius

AbstractHydrogen gas represents a promising alternative energy source to dwindling fossil fuel reserves, as it carries the highest energy per unit mass and its combustion results in the release of water vapour as only byproduct. The facultatively anaerobic thermophile Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius is able to produce hydrogen via the water–gas shift reaction catalyzed by a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase–hydrogenase enzyme complex. Here we have evaluated the effects of several operating parameters on hydrogen production, including different growth temperatures, pre-culture ages and inoculum sizes, as well as different pHs and concentrations of nickel and iron in the fermentation medium. All of the tested parameters were observed to have a substantive effect on both hydrogen yield and (specific) production rates. A final experiment incorporating the best scenario for each tested parameter showed a marked increase in the H2 production rate compared to each individual parameter. The optimised parameters serve as a strong basis for improved hydrogen production with a view of commercialisation of this process.

scholarly journals Azotobacter vinelandiiNitrogenase Activity, Hydrogen Production, and Response to Oxygen Exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jace Natzke ◽  
Jesse Noar ◽  
José M. Bruno-Bárcena
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Uptake Hydrogenase ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxygen Exposure

ABSTRACTAzotobacter vinelandiiselectively utilizes three types of nitrogenase (molybdenum, vanadium, and iron only) to fix N2, with their expression regulated by the presence or absence of different metal cofactors in its environment. Each alternative nitrogenase isoenzyme is predicted to have different electron flux requirements based onin vitromeasurements, with the molybdenum nitrogenase requiring the lowest flux and the iron-only nitrogenase requiring the highest. Here, prior characterized strains, derepressed in nitrogenase synthesis and also deficient in uptake hydrogenase, were further modified to generate new mutants lacking the ability to produce poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). PHB is a storage polymer generated under oxygen-limiting conditions and can represent up to 70% of the cells' dry weight. The absence of such granules facilitated the study of relationships between catalytic biomass and product molar yields across different adaptive respiration conditions. The released hydrogen gas observed during growth, due to the inability of the mutants to recapture hydrogen, allowed for direct monitoring ofin vivonitrogenase activity for each isoenzyme. The data presented here show that increasing oxygen exposure limits equally thein vivoactivities of all nitrogenase isoenzymes, while under comparative conditions, the Mo nitrogenase enzyme evolves more hydrogen per unit of biomass than the alternative isoenzymes.IMPORTANCEA. vinelandiihas been a focus of intense research for over 100 years. It has been investigated for a variety of functions, including agricultural fertilization and hydrogen production. All of these endeavors are centered aroundA. vinelandii's ability to fix nitrogen aerobically using three nitrogenase isoenzymes. The majority of research up to this point has targetedin vitromeasurements of the molybdenum nitrogenase, and robust data contrasting how oxygen impacts thein vivoactivity of each nitrogenase isoenzyme are lacking. This article aims to providein vivonitrogenase activity data using a real-time evaluation of hydrogen gas released by derepressed nitrogenase mutants lacking an uptake hydrogenase and PHB accumulation.

scholarly journals Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1784
Author(s):  
Matthias Schilde ◽  
Dirk von Soosten ◽  
Liane Hüther ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

Methane (CH4) from ruminal feed degradation is a major pollutant from ruminant livestock, which calls for mitigation strategies. The purpose of the present 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was to investigate the dose–response relationships between four doses of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and potential synergistic effects with low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate feed proportions (CFP) on CH4 reduction as both mitigation approaches differ in their mode of action (direct 3-NOP vs. indirect CFP effects). Diet substrates and 3-NOP were incubated in a rumen simulation technique to measure the concentration and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), fermentation gases as well as substrate disappearance. Negative side effects on fermentation regarding total VFA and gas production as well as nutrient degradability were observed for neither CFP nor 3-NOP. CH4 production decreased from 10% up to 97% in a dose-dependent manner with increasing 3-NOP inclusion rate (dose: p < 0.001) but irrespective of CFP (CFP × dose: p = 0.094). Hydrogen gas accumulated correspondingly with increased 3-NOP dose (dose: p < 0.001). In vitro pH (p = 0.019) and redox potential (p = 0.066) varied by CFP, whereas the latter fluctuated with 3-NOP dose (p = 0.01). Acetate and iso-butyrate (mol %) decreased with 3-NOP dose, whereas iso-valerate increased (dose: p < 0.001). Propionate and valerate varied inconsistently due to 3-NOP supplementation. The feed additive 3-NOP was proven to be a dose-dependent yet effective CH4 inhibitor under conditions in vitro. The observed lack of additivity of increased CFP on the CH4 inhibition potential of 3-NOP needs to be verified in future research testing further diet types both in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations Regarding the Prospects for a Dual-Purpose Hydrogen Extraction and Separation Membrane

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Karl Sohlberg
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Separation Membrane ◽  
Hydrocarbon Sources ◽  
Critical Materials

Extraction of hydrogen from hydrocarbons is a logical intermediate-term solution for the escalating worldwide demand for hydrogen. This work explores the possibility of using a single membrane to accomplish both the catalytic dehydrogenation and physical separation of hydrogen gas as a possible way to improve the efficiency of hydrogen production from hydrocarbon sources. The present analysis shows that regions of pressure/temperature space exist for which the overall process is thermodynamically spontaneous (ΔG < 0). Each step in the process is based on known physics. The rate of hydrogen production is likely to be controlled by the barrier to hydrogen abstraction, with the density of H-binding sites also playing a role. A critical materials issue will be the strength of the oxide/metal interface.

scholarly journals Iridium Complex Catalyzed Hydrogen Production from Glucose and Various Monosaccharides

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Fujita ◽  
Takayoshi Inoue ◽  
Toshiki Tanaka ◽  
Jaeyoung Jeong ◽  
Shohichi Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Iridium Complex ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Bipyridine Ligand

A new catalytic system has been developed for hydrogen production from various monosaccharides, mainly glucose, as a starting material under reflux conditions in water in the presence of a water-soluble dicationic iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridine ligand. For example, the reaction of D-glucose in water under reflux for 20 h in the presence of [Cp*Ir(6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine)(H2O)][OTf]2 (1.0 mol %) (Cp*: pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, OTf: trifluoromethanesulfonate) resulted in the production of hydrogen gas in 95% yield. In the present catalytic reaction, it was experimentally suggested that dehydrogenation of the alcoholic moiety at 1-position of glucose proceeded.

scholarly journals Carbons Formed in Methane Thermal and Thermocatalytic Decomposition Processes: Properties and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Emmi Välimäki ◽  
Lasse Yli-Varo ◽  
Henrik Romar ◽  
Ulla Lassi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Decomposition Of Methane ◽  
Thermocatalytic Decomposition

The hydrogen economy will play a key role in future energy systems. Several thermal and catalytic methods for hydrogen production have been presented. In this review, methane thermocatalytic and thermal decomposition into hydrogen gas and solid carbon are considered. These processes, known as the thermal decomposition of methane (TDM) and thermocatalytic decomposition (TCD) of methane, respectively, appear to have the greatest potential for hydrogen production. In particular, the focus is on the different types and properties of carbons formed during the decomposition processes. The applications for carbons are also investigated.

scholarly journals Analysis on Characteristic of Hydrogen Gas Dispersion and Evaluation Method of Blast Overpressure in VHTR Hydrogen Production System

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki MURAKAMI ◽  
Atsuhiko TERADA ◽  
Tetsuo NISHIHARA ◽  
Yoshiyuki INAGAKI ◽  
Kazuhiko KUNITOMI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Blast Overpressure
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