scholarly journals A Fast Semiautomatic Algorithm for Centerline-Based Vocal Tract Segmentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton A. Poznyakovskiy ◽  
Alexander Mainka ◽  
Ivan Platzek ◽  
Dirk Mürbe
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Active Contours ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Spatial Geometry

Vocal tract morphology is an important factor in voice production. Its analysis has potential implications for educational matters as well as medical issues like voice therapy. The knowledge of the complex adjustments in the spatial geometry of the vocal tract during phonation is still limited. For a major part, this is due to difficulties in acquiring geometry data of the vocal tract in the process of voice production. In this study, a centerline-based segmentation method using active contours was introduced to extract the geometry data of the vocal tract obtained with MRI during sustained vowel phonation. The applied semiautomatic algorithm was found to be time- and interaction-efficient and allowed performing various three-dimensional measurements on the resulting model. The method is suitable for an improved detailed analysis of the vocal tract morphology during speech or singing which might give some insights into the underlying mechanical processes.

Using Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract Exercises in Voice Therapy: The Clinician's Primer

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marci D. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration

Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises have long been used by voice trainers and pedagogues and have been particularly popular in Scandinavia dating as far back as the 1800s. Titze (1988, 1994, 2006; Titze, Riede, & Popolo, 2008; Titze & Verdolini-Abbot, 2012) has contributed significantly to the exploration of the SOVT and impact on voice production, and these types of exercise have become ubiquitous in the clinical voice arena. Although SOVT exercises are commonly used, there continue to be questions about the exact nature of how they impact phonation and improved vocal economy. This article aims to explore the physiology of a SOVT on vocal fold vibration and vocal output. Several variations are described within context of recent research.

scholarly journals Direct 3D model extraction method for color volume images

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Shujun Liu ◽  
Guanning Shang ◽  
Yanjie Chen ◽  
Qifeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laplacian Matrix ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Model Segmentation ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Organ Models ◽  
Different Parts

BACKGROUND: There is a great demand for the extraction of organ models from three-dimensional (3D) medical images in clinical medicine diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to aid doctors in seeing the real shape of human organs more clearly and vividly. METHODS: The method uses the minimum eigenvectors of Laplacian matrix to automatically calculate a group of basic matting components that can properly define the volume image. These matting components can then be used to build foreground images with the help of a few user marks. RESULTS: We propose a direct 3D model segmentation method for volume images. This is a process of extracting foreground objects from volume images and estimating the opacity of the voxels covered by the objects. CONCLUSIONS: The results of segmentation experiments on different parts of human body prove the applicability of this method.

scholarly journals Impact of the Sub-Grid Scale Turbulence Model in Aeroacoustic Simulation of Human Voice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1970
Author(s):  
Martin Lasota ◽  
Petr Šidlof ◽  
Manfred Kaltenbacher ◽  
Stefan Schoder
Keyword(s):  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Aeroacoustic Simulation ◽  
Scale Turbulence ◽  
The One

In an aeroacoustic simulation of human voice production, the effect of the sub-grid scale (SGS) model on the acoustic spectrum was investigated. In the first step, incompressible airflow in a 3D model of larynx with vocal folds undergoing prescribed two-degree-of-freedom oscillation was simulated by laminar and Large-Eddy Simulations (LES), using the One-Equation and Wall-Adaptive Local-Eddy (WALE) SGS models. Second, the aeroacoustic sources and the sound propagation in a domain composed of the larynx and vocal tract were computed by the Perturbed Convective Wave Equation (PCWE) for vowels [u:] and [i:]. The results show that the SGS model has a significant impact not only on the flow field, but also on the spectrum of the sound sampled 1 cm downstream of the lips. With the WALE model, which is known to handle the near-wall and high-shear regions more precisely, the simulations predict significantly higher peak volumetric flow rates of air than those of the One-Equation model, only slightly lower than the laminar simulation. The usage of the WALE SGS model also results in higher sound pressure levels of the higher harmonic frequencies.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract Voice Therapy Protocols

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara R. Kapsner-Smith ◽  
Eric J. Hunter ◽  
Kimberly Kirkham ◽  
Karin Cox ◽  
Ingo R. Titze
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Voice Handicap Index ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Therapy Program

PurposeAlthough there is a long history of use of semi-occluded vocal tract gestures in voice therapy, including phonation through thin tubes or straws, the efficacy of phonation through tubes has not been established. This study compares results from a therapy program on the basis of phonation through a flow-resistant tube (FRT) with Vocal Function Exercises (VFE), an established set of exercises that utilize oral semi-occlusions.MethodTwenty subjects (16 women, 4 men) with dysphonia and/or vocal fatigue were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment conditions: (a) immediate FRT therapy, (b) immediate VFE therapy, (c) delayed FRT therapy, or (d) delayed VFE therapy. Subjects receiving delayed therapy served as a no-treatment control group.ResultsVoice Handicap Index (Jacobson et al., 1997) scores showed significant improvement for both treatment groups relative to the no-treatment group. Comparison of the effect sizes suggests FRT therapy is noninferior to VFE in terms of reduction in Voice Handicap Index scores. Significant reductions in Roughness on the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (Kempster, Gerratt, Verdolini Abbott, Barkmeier-Kraemer, & Hillman, 2009) were found for the FRT subjects, with no other significant voice quality findings.ConclusionsVFE and FRT therapy may improve voice quality of life in some individuals with dysphonia. FRT therapy was noninferior to VFE in improving voice quality of life in this study.

Geometric simulation for warp-knitted tubular bandages with the mesh model

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110138
Author(s):  
Haisang Liu ◽  
Gaoming Jiang ◽  
Zhijia Dong
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Mesh ◽  
Mesh Model ◽  
Matrix Operations ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Spatial Geometry ◽  
3D Mesh Model ◽  
Coordinate Mapping ◽  
Geometric Simulation

The purpose of this paper is to geometrically simulate warp-knitted medical tubular bandages with a computer-aided simulator. A flat mesh model is established according to unfolded fabric considering the knitting characteristics of double-needle bed warp-knitted tubular fabrics. Moreover, a 3D (three-dimensional) mesh model corresponding to the actual product shape is created. To better describe the spatial geometry of stitches, eight-point models are introduced, and stitches are generated with the flat mesh model. Founded on matrix operations, the stitch position in the 3D mesh model is determined through coordinate mapping. Various stitch paths are rendered in computer programming languages C# and JavaScript to conduct simulations. Warp-knitted medical tubular bandages with a large number of shapes are effectively modeled.

scholarly journals IMG-07. GADOLINIUM IS NOT NECESSARY FOR SURVEILLANCE MR IMAGING IN CHILDREN WITH CHIASMATIC-HYPOTHALAMIC LOW GRADE GLIOMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii356-iii356
Author(s):  
Fatema Malbari ◽  
Murali Chintagumpala ◽  
Jack Su ◽  
Mehmet Okcu ◽  
Frank Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with chiasmatic-hypothalamic low grade glioma (CHLGG) have frequent MRIs with gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCA) for disease monitoring. Cumulative gadolinium deposition in children is a potential concern. The purpose of this research is to establish whether MRI with GBCA is necessary for determining tumor progression in children with CHLGG. METHODS Children with progressive CHLGG were identified from Texas Children’s Cancer Center between 2005–2019. Pre- and post-contrast MRI sequences were separately reviewed by one neuroradiologist who was blinded to the clinical course. Three dimensional measurements and tumor characteristics were collected. Radiographic progression was defined as a 25% increase in size (product of two largest dimensions) compared to baseline or best response after initiation of therapy. RESULTS A total of 28 patients with progressive CHLGG including 683 MRIs with GBCA (mean 24 MRIs/patient; range: 10–43 MRIs) were reviewed. No patients had a diagnosis of NF1. Progression was observed 92 times, 91 (98.9%) on noncontrast and 90 (97.8%) on contrast imaging. Sixty-seven radiographic and/or clinical progressions necessitating management changes were identified in all (100%) noncontrast sequences and 66 (98.5%) contrast sequences. Tumor growth >2 mm in any dimension was identified in 184/187(98.4%) on noncontrast and 181/187(96.8%) with contrast imaging. Non primary metastatic disease was seen in seven patients (25%), which were better visualized on contrast imaging in 4 (57%). CONCLUSION MRI without GBCA effectively identifies patients with progressive disease. One should consider eliminating contrast in imaging of children with CHLGG with GBCA reserved for monitoring those with metastatic disease.

Three-dimensional measurements of the lower extremity in children and adolescents using a low-dose biplanar X-ray device

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Gheno ◽  
Eric Nectoux ◽  
Bernard Herbaux ◽  
Matteo Baldisserotto ◽  
Luiz Glock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimensional Measurements
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