scholarly journals Rehabilitation Outcomes: Ischemic versus Hemorrhagic Strokes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Perna ◽  
Jessica Temple
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Brain

Background. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes have different pathophysiologies and possibly different long-term cerebral and functional implications. Hemorrhagic strokes expose the brain to irritating effects of blood and ischemic strokes reflect localized or diffuse cerebral vascular pathology.Methods. Participants were individuals who suffered either an ischemic (n=172) or hemorrhagic stroke (n=112) within the past six months and were involved in a postacute neurorehabilitation program. Participants completed three months of postacute neurorehabilitation and the Mayo Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4) at admission and discharge. Admission MPAI-4 scores and level of functioning were comparable.Results. Group ANOVA comparisons show no significant group differences at admission or discharge or difference in change scores. Both groups showed considerably reduced levels of productivity/employment after discharge as compared to preinjury levels.Conclusions. Though the pathophysiology of these types of strokes is different, both ultimately result in ischemic injuries, possibly accounting for lack of findings of differences between groups. In the present study, participants in both groups experienced similar functional levels across all three MPAI-4 domains both at admission and discharge. Limitations of this study include a highly educated sample and few outcome measures.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Acceptance and Feasibility of Seated Elliptical Pedaling to Replace Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-853
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Lerma ◽  
Chi C. Cho ◽  
Ann M. Swartz ◽  
Hotaka Maeda ◽  
Young Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a seated pedaling device to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in the homes of older adults. Methods: Each participant (N = 20) was outfitted with an activity monitor and seated pedaling device in the home for 7 days and randomly assigned to one of four light-intensity pedaling groups (15, 30, 45, and 60 min/day). Results: There was 100% adherence in all groups and significant group differences in the minutes pedaled per day (p < .001), with no significant difference in the total pedaling days completed (p = .241). The 15-, 30-, 45-, and 60-min groups experienced a 4.0%, 5.4%, 10.6%, and 11.3% reduction in SB on the days pedaled, respectively. Conclusion: Clinically relevant reductions in SB time were achievable in this 1-week trial. Long-term adherence and the impact of replacing SB with seated light activities on geriatric-relevant health outcomes should be investigated.

Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Long Term Depression ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
The Brain

Synaptic connections in the brain can change their strength in response to patterned activity. This ability of synapses is defined as synaptic plasticity. Long lasting forms of synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD), are thought to mediate the storage of information about stimuli or features of stimuli in a neural circuit. Since its discovery in the early 1970s, synaptic plasticity became a central subject of neuroscience, and many studies centered on understanding its mechanisms, as well as its functional implications.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction and Evidence of Burnout Comparing Arab and Non-Arab Urologists with a Migration Background Working in German Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias May ◽  
Mohammad Shaar
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Shortage Of Physicians ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background In German hospitals, severe shortage of physicians can currently be partially compensated by hiring foreign physicians. Results on job satisfaction (JS) and physician burnout (PBO) in this important occupational group are currently not available. Methods The cross-sectional “Assessment of their urological work environment by foreign clinicians in Germany (EUTAKD)” study was conducted in 2020 using a 101-item questionnaire among physicians working in German urological departments who were born in a country outside Germany and having non-German citizenship. This study compared JS and the occurrence of PBO between Arab (group A, n = 57) and non-Arab (group B, n = 39) participants. Results Significant group differences with advantages for group B were analyzed in overall JS and also in other JS items. High scores in the PBO dimensions, that is, “emotional exhaustion” and “depersonalization,” were shown by 27.9 and 51.5% of the study participants, respectively, although there were no group differences found (p = 0.972 and 0.237, respectively). Conclusion Prospective longitudinal studies of appropriate intervention measures aimed at increasing JS and decreasing PBO are needed.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Presurgical Stress Management Intervention for Men With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (19) ◽  
pp. 3169-3176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Parker ◽  
Curtis A. Pettaway ◽  
Richard J. Babaian ◽  
Louis L. Pisters ◽  
Brian Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Stress Management Intervention ◽  
Sf 36

Purpose This study assessed the short-term and long-term efficacy of a presurgical stress management intervention at reducing mood disturbance and improving quality of life (QOL) in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer. Patients and Methods One hundred fifty-nine men were randomly assigned to a two-session (plus two boosters) presurgical stress management intervention (SM), a two-session (plus two boosters) supportive attention group (SA), or a standard care group (SC). Assessments occurred 1 month before surgery; 1 week before surgery; the morning of surgery; 6 weeks after surgery, and 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results Results indicated significant group differences in mood disturbance before surgery (P = .02), such that men in the SM group had significantly less mood disturbance than men in the SC group (P = .006), with no significant differences between the SM and SA or SA and SC groups. In the year after surgery, there were significant group differences on Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form survey (SF-36) physical component summary (PCS) scores (P = .004); men in the SM group had significantly higher PCS scores than men in the SC group (P = .0009), and there were no significant differences between the SM and SA or SA and SC groups. There were no group effects on prostate-specific QOL or SF-36 mental health scores. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the efficacy of a brief presurgical stress management intervention in improving some short-term and long-term outcomes. If these results are replicated, it may be a useful adjunct to standard care for men with prostate cancer undergoing surgery.

scholarly journals Daylight saving for the brain

2015 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
James Cully
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Daylight Saving ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Brain

Our lives are comprised of our doings. We love, we lose, we learn and we forget, and throughout we are dependent on our brains to maintain a level of cognitive functioning (such as short and long term memory, attention to specific sensations and speaking and understanding language) that allows us to live our lives in the manner we want. If we lose this level of functioning we are bereft and vulnerable. Growing old is something to which every healthy human aspires. More and more people are reaching old-age; the ageing of the world’s population is considered mankind’s greatest achievement of the 20th century. It has also become one of the main health challenges in modern medicine; diseases associated with ageing, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), have increased drastically in rate. One of the main consequences of developing AD is that your brain’s functional capacity decreases. You forget more and more ...

scholarly journals Trends in regional morphological changes in the brain after the resolution of hypercortisolism in Cushing’s disease: a complex phenomenon, not mere partial reversibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Wen-Jie Yang ◽  
Qing-Fang Sun ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Liu-Guan Bian
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes ◽  
The Brain

The adverse effects of hypercortisolism on the human brain have been highlighted in previous studies of Cushing’s disease (CD). However, the relative alterations in regional hypercortisolism in the brain remain unclear. Thus, we investigated regional volumetric alterations in CD patients. We also analyzed the associations between these volumetric changes and clinical characteristics. The study participants comprised of active CD (n = 60), short-term-remitted CD (n = 28), and long-term-remitted CD (n = 32) patients as well as healthy control subjects (n = 66). Gray matter volumes (GMVs) were measured via voxel-based morphometry. The GMVs of substructures were defined using the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas. Trends for partial reversibility of GMVs were found in 87 brain substructures of CD patients. However, significantly different trends, including enlarged, irreversible, and unburden trends, were observed in the rest of the brain substructures. Trends toward normalization in GMV were found in most brain substructures of CD patients. Different trends, including enlarged, irreversible, and unburden GMVs, were observed in the other subregions, such as the amygdala, thalamus, and caudate. Morphological changes in GMVs after the resolution of hypercortisolism are a complex phenomenon; the characteristics of these changes significantly differ within the brain substructures.

scholarly journals Predominant Patterns of Splicing Evolution on Human, Chimpanzee, and Macaque Evolutionary Lineages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyi Xiong ◽  
Xi Jiang ◽  
Angeliki Ditsiou ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Alternative Exon ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Exon Inclusion ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Splicing Patterns ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

ABSTRACTAlthough splicing is widespread and evolves rapidly among species, the mechanisms driving this evolution, as well as its functional implications, are not yet fully understood. We analyzed the evolution of splicing patterns based on transcriptome data from five tissues of humans, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and mice. In total, 1,526 exons and exon sets from 1,236 genes showed significant splicing differences among primates. More than 60% of these differences represent constitutive-to-alternative exon transitions while an additional 25% represent changes in exon inclusion frequency. These two dominant evolutionary patterns have contrasting conservation, regulation, and functional features. The sum of these features indicates that, despite their prevalence, constitutive-to-alternative exon transitions do not substantially contribute to long-term functional transcriptome changes. Conversely, changes in exon inclusion frequency appear to be functionally relevant, especially for changes taking place in the brain on the human evolutionary lineage.

Vascular Pathology in Male Lewis Rats following Short-Term, Low-Dose Rotenone Administration

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Allen ◽  
C. Luo ◽  
D. L. Montgomery ◽  
A. H. Rajput ◽  
C. A. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acute Hemorrhage ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
The Brain

The long-term administration of low doses of rotenone has been used to produce a model of Parkinson disease (PD) in rats. However, only about 50% of similarly treated rats develop the PD-like syndrome, with many dying during the first few days of treatment. The lesions in male Lewis rats that became moribund or died after short-term, low-dose rotenone administration are described. Dosed rats had fibrinoid change and acute hemorrhage involving small arteries and arterioles of the brain and lungs. The thalamus, hypothalamus, and medulla oblongata were most frequently and severely affected. Blood vessels in the brain of some male Lewis rats appeared acutely susceptible to the effects of rotenone. Understanding the selective nature of the fibrinoid change and hemorrhage might explain how rotenone produces PD-like signs and lesions in rats, and it might also provide the basis for a model of intraparenchymal hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease (i.e., hemorrhagic strokes) in humans.

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