scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Salidroside from Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Heart Injury by Enhancing thePGC-1α–NRF1/NRF2Pathway and Mitochondrial Respiratory Function in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Ping ◽  
Long-fei Zhang ◽  
Yu-juan Cui ◽  
Yu-mei Chang ◽  
Cai-wu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory

Objective. To test the hypothesis that salidroside (SAL) can protect heart from exhaustive exercise-induced injury by enhancing mitochondrial respiratory function and mitochondrial biogenesis key signaling pathwayPGC-1α–NRF1/NRF2in rats.Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary (C), exhaustive exercise (EE), low-dose SAL (LS), and high-dose SAL (HS). After one-time exhaustive swimming exercise, we measured the changes in cardiomyocyte ultrastructure and cardiac marker enzymes and mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) complexes activitiesin situ. We also measured mitochondrial biogenesis master regulatorPGC-1αand its downstream transcription factors,NRF1andNRF2, expression at gene and protein levels.Results. Compared to C group, the EE group showed marked myocardium ultrastructure injury and decrease of mitochondrial respiratory functionP<0.05and protein levels ofPGC-1α,NRF1, andNRF2 P<0.05but a significant increase ofPGC-1α,NRF1, andNRF2genes levelsP<0.05; compared to EE group, SAL ameliorated myocardium injury, increased mitochondrial respiratory functionP<0.05, and elevated both gene and protein levels ofPGC-1α,NRF-1, andNRF-2.Conclusion. Salidroside can protect the heart from exhaustive exercise-induced injury. It might act by improving myocardial mitochondrial respiratory function by stimulating the expression ofPGC-1α–NRF1/NRF2pathway.

scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine Pretreatment Attenuates Kidney Injury and Oxidative Stress during Orthotopic Autologous Liver Transplantation in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Yu ◽  
Xinjin Chi ◽  
Shan Wu ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
S Model ◽  
Autologous Liver

This paper aims to explore whether pretreatment with dexmedetomidine (Dex) has antioxidative and renal protective effects during orthotopic autologous liver transplantation (OALT) and its impact on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into groups that include sham-operated (group S), model (group M), low dose Dex (group D1), high dose Dex (group D2), atipamezole (a nonspecificα2receptor blocker) + high dose Dex (group B1), ARC239 (a specificα2B/creceptor blocker) + high dose Dex (group B2), and BRL-44408 (a specificα2Areceptor blocker) + high dose Dex (group B3). Then histopathologic examination of the kidneys and measurement of renal function, the renal Nrf2 protein expression, and oxidants and antioxidants were performed 8 hours after OALT. We found that pretreatment with Dex activated Nrf2 in glomerular cells and upregulated antioxidants but reduced oxidants (allP<0.01, group D2 versus group M). Atipamezole and BRL-44408, but not ARC239, reversed these protective effects. In conclusion, pretreatment with Dex activates Nrf2 throughα2Areceptor, increases the antioxidant levels, and attenuates renal injury during OALT.

scholarly journals Curcumin Ameliorates Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced DNA Damages in Stomach Tissues of Sprague-Dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong Seok Kim ◽  
Na Yoon Kim ◽  
Ji Yeon Son ◽  
Jae Hyeon Park ◽  
Su Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dna Damages ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cyp1a1 Expression ◽  
Dose Dependent

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a well-known carcinogen formed during the cooking process. Although BaP exposure has been implicated as one of the risk factors for lung cancer in animals and humans, there are only limited data on BaP-induced gastrointestinal cancer. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of curcumin on BaP-induced DNA damage in rat stomach tissues. BaP (20 mg/kg/day) and curcumin (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) were administered daily to Sprague-Dawley rats by oral gavage over 30 days. Curcumin was pre-administered before BaP exposure. All rats were euthanized, and liver, kidney, and stomach tissues were removed at 24 h after the last treatment. We observed that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glucose levels were significantly reduced in rats treated with high dose co-administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg) compared to BaP alone. The expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP1B1 were significantly increased in the liver of rats treated with BaP. However, co-administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg) with BaP markedly reduced CYP1A1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, plasma levels of BaP-diolepoxide (BPDE) and BaP metabolites were significantly reduced by co-administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg). Additionally, co-administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg) with BaP significantly reduced the formation of BPDE-I-DNA and 8-hydroxydeoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) adducts in the liver, kidney, and stomach tissues. The inhibition of these adduct formations were more prominent in the stomach tissues than in the liver. Overall, our observations suggest that curcumin might inhibit BaP-induced gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and shows promise as a chemopreventive agent.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) Extract against High Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Atiqah Aizan Abdul Kadir ◽  
Asmah Rahmat ◽  
Hawa Z. E. Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Cyphomandra Betacea ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

This study aims to investigate the protective effect ofCyphomandra betaceain adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high fat diet. Rats were fed on either normal chow or high fat diet for 10 weeks for obesity induction phase and subsequently receivedC. betaceaextract at low dose (150 mg kg−1), medium dose (200 mg kg−1), or high dose (300 mg kg−1) or placebo via oral gavages for another 7 weeks for treatment phase. Treatment of obese rats withC. betaceaextracts led to a significant decrease in total cholesterol and significant increase in HDL-C (p<0.05). Also there was a trend of positive reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride, and LDL-C with positive reduction of body weight detected in medium and high dosage ofC. betaceaextract. Interestingly,C. betaceatreated rats showed positive improvement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity along with a significant increase of total antioxidant status (TAS) (p<0.05). Further, rats treated withC. betaceashow significantly lower in TNF-αand IL-6 activities (p<0.05). This study demonstrates the potential use ofCyphomandra betaceaextract for weight maintenance and complimentary therapy to suppress some obesity complication signs.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Nicorandil Protects the Heart from Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lei Lv ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Yiyong Zhu ◽  
Anwar Azhar ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
High Dose ◽  
No Production ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Objective. Nicorandil has been widely used for the treatment of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nicorandil plays a protective role in exhaustive exercise (EE)-induced myocardial injury. Methods. Here, we applied the rat EE model and treated them with exercise preconditioning (EP, reported to protect the heart) or different doses of nicorandil gavage, respectively, to explore whether there are protective effects of single EP or nicorandil or a combination of both and the potential mechanism. Forty-nine male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, EE, EP + EE, nicorandil (with low, middle, and high dose) + EE, and EP + nicorandil (middle dose) + EE. Blood samples and myocardial tissues were collected to analyze the myocardial injury-related index. Results. EE induced myocardial structural damage and altered the myocardial injury markers, which were partially reversed by pretreatment of nicorandil. In addition, oxidative stress and inflammation lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) products and further damage to the myocardium, while pretreatment of nicorandil reduces the oxidative stress response and inflammation. Moreover, nicorandil suppressed the myocardial apoptosis induced by EE, as indicated by a decrease of Bax and caspase-3 expression and an increase of Bcl-2 expression. Finally, the pathway in which nicorandil plays a role may be involved in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Pretreatment of nicorandil increased the protein level of myocardial eNOS and NO production. Conclusion. Our result demonstrated that nicorandil has protective effects in EE-induced myocardial injury with dose-dependent effects. A combination of nicorandil and EP can further improve the protective effects. Taken together, nicorandil can be potentially used as an intervention method in EE-induced myocardial injury.

Curcumin Reduces Neuroinflammation and Improves the Impairments of Anesthetics on Learning and Memory by Regulating the Expression of miR-181a-5p

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guizhen Liu ◽  
Yuchuan Sun ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to explore the role of curcumin (Cur) in isoflurane (ISO)-induced learning and memory dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rats and further elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect produced by Cur. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Rat models of cognitive impairment were established by inhaling 3% ISO. The Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive function of rats. ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression levels of miR-181a-5p, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Cur significantly improved the ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats and alleviated the ISO-induced neuroinflammation. miR-181a-5p was overexpressed in ISO-induced rats, while Cur treatment significantly reduced the expression of miR-181a-5p. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p promoted the cognitive impairment and the release of inflammatory cytokines and reversed the neuroprotective effect of Cur. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Cur has a protective effect on ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction, which may be achieved by regulating the expression of miR-181a-5p.

scholarly journals Antidepressant-Like Effect of Lipid Extract ofChanna striatusin Postpartum Model of Depression in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saleem Abdul Shukkoor ◽  
Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Bin Baharuldin ◽  
Abdul Manan Mat Jais ◽  
Mohamad Aris Mohamad Moklas ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Lipid Extract ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Malay Population ◽  
Swimming Test

Postpartum depression affects 15% of women.Channa striatus, a freshwater fish, is consumed in local Malay population as a rejuvenating diet during postpartum period. This study evaluated the antidepressant-like effect of lipid extract ofC. striatusfillet and its mechanism of action in female Sprague-Dawley rats in postpartum model of depression. The rats were ovariectomized and treated with high dose of progesterone and estradiol benzoate for 23 days to have hormone-simulated pregnancy. The day 24 and afterwards were considered as the postpartum period. During the postpartum period, lipid extract was administered at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg through intraperitoneal route for 15 days. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) was used as the positive control. On postpartum day 15, the animals were tested in forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT) followed by biochemical analysis. Withdrawal of hormone administration during the postpartum period induced depressive-like behavior in FST. Administration of lipid extract reversed that depressive-like behavior at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg in FST. In OFT, it decreased the exploratory activity. The mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect may be mediated through the decrease in plasma corticosterone, increase in plasma oxytocin, and decrease in nuclear factor-kappa B in prefrontal cortex of rats.

scholarly journals Short-Term High Fat Intake Does Not Significantly Alter Markers of Renal Function or Inflammation in Young Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Crinigan ◽  
Matthew Calhoun ◽  
Karen L. Sweazea
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Impact

Chronic high fat feeding is correlated with diabetes and kidney disease. However, the impact of short-term high fat diets (HFD) is not well-understood. Six weeks of HFD result in indices of metabolic syndrome (increased adiposity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperleptinemia, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation) compared to rats fed on standard chow. The hypothesis was that short-term HFD would induce early signs of renal disease. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either HFD (60% fat) or standard chow (5% fat) for six weeks. Morphology was determined by measuring changes in renal mass and microstructure. Kidney function was measured by analyzing urinary protein, creatinine, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations, as well as plasma cystatin C concentrations. Renal damage was measured through assessment of urinary oxDNA/RNA concentrations as well as renal lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Despite HFD significantly increasing adiposity and renal mass, there was no evidence of early stage kidney disease as measured by changes in urinary and plasma biomarkers as well as histology. These findings suggest that moderate hyperglycemia and inflammation produced by short-term HFD are not sufficient to damage kidneys or that the ketogenic HFD may have protective effects within the kidneys.

Ultrastructural changes of Basolateral Amygdaloid nuclei in the Sprague Dawley rats brain following exposure to naphthalene balls

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1272-1275
Author(s):  
Angu Bala Ganesh K S V ◽  
Sujeet Shekhar Sinha ◽  
Kesavi Durairaj ◽  
Abdul Sahabudeen K
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Amygdaloid Nuclei

Naphthalene is a bicyclic aromatic constituent commonly used in different domestic and marketable applications comprising soil fumigants, lavatory scent disks and mothballs. Accidentally, workers, children and animals are exposed to naphthalene mothballs, so there is a need to study the pathology behind this chemical toxicity. The current study was carried out to assess the ultra structural changes of basolateral amygdaloid nuclei in the Sprague Dawley rats brain in association to naphthalene toxicity. The toxicity model group was administered with naphthalene (200 and 400mg) using corn oil as a vehicle for 28 days. The post delayed toxicity of naphthalene high dose ingestion was also assessed in rats. After the experimental period, the brain tissue was processed to observe the ultra structural changes using a transmission electron microscope. The alterations in cell organelles, nuclei damage, mitochondrial swelling, chromatin condensation suggested naphthalene induced damage in the neurons of the basolateral amygdala of the brain in the toxicity model group. These experimental trials provide information about the alert of mothball usage in the home and identify risks linked with accidental exposure and misuse.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone Suppressed LPS-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase and Its Effect on Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Cui ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yun Long ◽  
Longxiang Su ◽  
Dawei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Rat Thoracic Aorta

The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism of sepsis-induced vascular hyperpermeability and the beneficial effect of glucocorticoid in protecting vascular endothelium. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a bolus intraperitoneal injection of a nonlethal dose of LPS (Escherichia coli055:B5, 10 mg/kg, Sigma) or vehicle (pyrogen-free water). Animals of treatment groups were also given either dexamethasone (4 mg/kg, 30 min prior to LPS injection) or the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitor doxycycline (4 mg/kg, 30 min after LPS injection). Both activities and protein levels of MMP-2p<0.001and MMP-9p<0.001were significantly upregulated in aortic homogenates from LPS-treated rats, associated with decreased ZO-1p<0.001and syndecan-1p=0.011protein contents. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline could significantly inhibit MMPs activity and reserve the expressions of ZO-1 and syndecan-1. The inhibition of MMPs by dexamethasone was significantly lower than that by doxycycline, while the rescue of syndecan-1 expression from LPS-induced endotoxemic rat thoracic aorta was significantly higher in the dexamethasone-treated compared to the doxycycline-treatedp=0.03. In conclusion, activation of MMPs plays important role in regulating ZO-1 and syndecan-1 protein levels in LPS mediated endothelial perturbation. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline inhibit activation of MMPs that may contribute to the rescue of ZO-1 and syndecan-1 expression.

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