scholarly journals In VivoAntiplasmodial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Analgesic Properties, and Safety Profile of Root Extracts ofHaematostaphis barteriHook F. (Anacardiaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Johnson Nyarko Boampong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Prophylactic Effect ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antimalarial Agents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Malaria is an endemic disease globally and the conundrum of drug resistance has led to the search for newer antimalarial agents. The root extract ofH. barteriwas evaluated for antimalarial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The prophylactic effect ofH. barterionP. bergheiwas determined by pretreating mice with aqueous root extract ofH. barteri(30–300 mg/kg), saline, and 1.2 mg/kg sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine for three days followed by 1 × 106P. bergheiinoculation. Parasite density was measured after 72 h. The curative antimalarial property of the extract was assessed by treating mice with extract, saline, and 1.14 : 6.9 mg/kg Artemether : Lumefantrine four days after 1 × 106P. bergheiinoculation. Selected organs were harvested for toxicity assessment. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the extract was determined in the carrageenan and thermal tail withdrawal tests, respectively. The extract significantly reduced the parasite density in the prophylactic but not the curative study. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the extract were significant (P<0.05) only at the highest doses employed. Regeneration of hepatocytes was also evident in the extract treated groups. The extract has prophylactic but not curative activity onP. berghei-induced malaria. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic property of the extract occurred at the highest doses used.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity, Phytochemical Screening, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Aqueous and Methanol Root Extracts of Maerua triphylla A. Rich. (Capparaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Brian Muyukani Wangusi ◽  
Laetitia Wakonyu Kanja ◽  
Isaac Mpapuluu Ole-Mapenay ◽  
Jared Misonge Onyancha
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Maerua triphylla root extracts are used by Maasai and Kikuyu communities in Kenya to manage headaches, stomachaches, migraines, and rheumatism. However, scientific data on their safety and efficacy are limited. The current study aims to investigate the safety, phytochemical constituents, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of M. triphylla root extracts. Aqueous and methanol M. triphylla root extracts were prepared by cold maceration, and the extracts’ safety was evaluated using Wistar rats according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2008) guidelines. Standard qualitative phytochemical screening methods were used for the detection of various phytochemical groups in the extracts. Analgesic activity assay in Swiss albino mice was done using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, while anti-inflammatory activity was determined in Wistar rats using the acetic acid-induced paw edema method. The methanol and aqueous extracts revealed LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw, classifying them as nontoxic. The presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols was observed in both extracts. However, saponins were only present in the methanol extract. In the analgesic study, mice that received 100 mg/kg bw and 500 mg/kg bw of aqueous root extract of M. triphylla had significantly lower acetic acid-induced writhing than mice that received acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg (reference drug) ( p < 0.05 ). Additionally, mice that received 500 mg/kg bw of methanol root extract of M. triphylla had significantly lower acetic acid-induced writhing than mice that received the acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg ( p < 0.05 ). In the anti-inflammatory study, there was no significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) between the inhibitory activity of different doses of the aqueous root extract of M. triphylla and a 50 mg/kg dose of diclofenac sodium (reference drug) on acetic acid-induced paw edema in rats. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the inhibitory activity of 100 mg/kg bw and 500 mg/kg bw doses of the methanol root extract of M. triphylla and a 50 mg/kg dose of diclofenac sodium on acetic acid-induced paw edema ( p > 0.05 ). These findings suggest that the roots of M. triphylla may be useful in the safe mitigation of pain and inflammation and therefore support their ethnomedicinal use in the management of pain and inflammation.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA IN ANIMAL MODELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Phebe Hendra ◽  
Fenty . ◽  
Putu Ririn Andreani ◽  
Bernadetha Maria Estika Pangestuti ◽  
Jeffry Julianus
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Enrich Diet ◽  
Digital Caliper

Objective: To investigate the antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of of E. longifolia root extract in animal models.Methods: In this study, glucose-fructose enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemia, carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing were used to evaluate the anti-hypertriglyceridemia, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, respectively. At the end of the experiment of glucose-fructose enriched diet-induced hyperlipidemia, blood samples were collected and estimation of blood lipids were carried out. Edema thickness was measured using digital caliper at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, and 360 min after carrageenan injection. The number of abdominal writhing for each mouse was observed and counted during a period of 1 h post injection of acetic acid.Results: E. longifolia root extract demonstrated a significant reduction of triglyceride levels (p<0.05) compared with the control group in glucose-fructose enrich diet in rats. In anti-inflammatory test, the extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan induced paw edema formation (p<0.05). The extract also significantly decreased the number of writhing in acetic acid-induced mice (p<0.05).Conclusion: E. longifolia root extract shown a significant anti-hypertriglyceridemia, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Further studies are needed to determine mechanisms for its acitivities of E. longifolia root extract.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Root Extract of Acanthus polystachyus Delile (Acanthaceae) Against Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1988532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagninet Derebe ◽  
Muluken Wubetu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antimalarial Agents ◽  
Mean Survival Time

Failure of the efficacy of antimalarial drugs is recognized in different classes of medicines for treating malaria, which urges the need for new drugs. This study tried to check the in vivo antimalarial activity of the root extracts of Acanthus polystachyus Delile against Plasmodium berghei–infected mice. The study revealed that the methanolic crude extract of the root of Acanthus polystachyus Delile showed significant ( P < .01) parasitemia suppressive activities in both models compared with the negative control. Parasitemia suppressive activities were 25.26%, 33.46%, and 51.48% in a 4-day suppressive test and 23.31%, 31.20%, and 43.54% in prophylaxis test at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, as compared to the negative control. Besides, the extract increases mean survival time significantly in all tested doses in a 4-day suppressive test, but in the prophylaxis model, only mice treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly lived longer. Based on this finding, the root of Acanthus polystachyus Delile has strong antimalarial activity, which may be a good candidate for new antimalarial agents.

scholarly journals Study of acute toxicity and investigation of the presence of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine in the Gunnera manicata L. a species native to Southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti ◽  
Fabiano Barreto ◽  
Gabriela Cristina Schmitt ◽  
Ivomar Zancanaro ◽  
Eliane Dallegrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract ◽  
One Way Anova

Gunnera (Gunneraceae) forms a complex association with the cyanobacterium Nostoc puctiforme L. Gunnera-Nostoc symbiosis is the only one reported involving a flowering plant, and results in the formation of the neurotoxic amino acid β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). The species Gunnera manicata L., for which phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies are lacking, is found in Southern Brazil. Therefore, acute toxicity and the presence of neurotoxic amino acid were investigated in aqueous extracts of G. manicata. The acute toxicity test was conducted by administering aqueous root extract of G. manicata at a concentration of 2000 mg/kg in a single dose orally to Wistar rats. Lethality was monitored daily for 14 days after treatment. The relative mass of organs was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and macroscopic changes were investigated. The analysis of BMAA, a procedure performed by GC/MS, involved a preliminary derivatization step. The ESI-MS/MS analysis was done by direct infusion. The present study demonstrated absence of neurotoxin in the samples of G. manicata analyzed and absence of acute toxicity in aqueous root extracts. These data confirm that extracts from the roots of G. manicata have a high margin of drug safety.

scholarly journals Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Stem and Root Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (Veldt Grape)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
R. Guna ◽  
E. Abbirami
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethanol Fraction

Free radicals are unstable, highly reactive molecules, creates oxidative stress in our body by attacking healthy cells and tissue biomolecules. They are usually neutralized by the antioxidant mechanisms in our system. When the antioxidant mechanism fails to stabilize the radicals, we need external antioxidants to protect our cells from oxidative damage. The objective of present study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of stem and root extracts of the plant Cissus quadrangularis. Stem and root powders of CQ was extracted with different solvent and they were tested against the synthetic free radical DPPH, ABTS, NO, H2O2 and FRAP with the reference standard BHT. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity assay was also performed for all the extracts along with the reference standard naproxen. The 50 percentage of inhibitory concentration (IC50-μg/ml of extract) values of ethanol fraction from both stem and root extract was found to be in DPPH- (IC50: 32±0.07 & 28±0.02), ABTS- (IC50: 115±0.22 & 120±0.06), NO- (IC50: 13±0.05 & 47±0.13), H2O2- (IC50: 21±0.08 & 28±0.09), TAA- (PI: 73±0.16 & 66±0.22) and the protein denaturation assay showed the ethanol fraction has protective activity levels of 220±0.03 & 277±0.22 in stem and root extracts respectively. Results obtained from this study suggested that both stem and root extracts of CQ possesses potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Corchorus olitorius aqueous root extract in Wistar rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamidele V. Owoyele ◽  
Aboyeji L. Oyewole ◽  
Modupe L. Alimi ◽  
Shukurat A. Sanni ◽  
Sabitiu A. Oyeleke
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

AbstractThis study was designed to provide information about the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects ofThirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five animals each; the control and reference groups were administered normal saline (10 mL/kg) and indomethacin (5 mg/kg), respectively, whereas the remaining four groups were administered aqueous extract ofThe results showed that

Phytochemical and anti-inflammatory studies of aqueous root extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Periplocaceae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
UE Odoh ◽  
SI Inya-agha ◽  
CO Ezugwu ◽  
PO Osadebe ◽  
JU Adimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Root Extract ◽  
Cryptolepis Sanguinolenta ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES: ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFICACY OF CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA ROOT EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranya Vtk ◽  
Uma Gowrie S
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Reducing Power Assay ◽  
Radical Scavenging Assay

Objective: The current study was aimed to investigate the potential phytoconstituents from Casuarina equisetifolia root extract. Qualitative, quantitative and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. equisetifolia using various solvents of root extract was also carried out to characterize the presence of various bioactive compounds in the root. The research work was also targeted to reveal the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of the root extract of C. equisetifolia.Methods: Root samples of C. equisetifolia were collected from Nimilenchery village, Pondicherry Union territory. The qualitative screening of the root extracts was carried out to check the presence of various phytoconstituents which was then followed by the quantitative analysis of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. Further, the phytochemicals in the root extract were evaluated using GC-MS studies. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed by the agar well diffusion method using aqueous and organic solvent-based root extract against four different bacterial pathogens. In vitro antioxidant assay of different solvent extracts was elucidated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. Anti-inflammatory potential was also studied using protein denaturation of albumin.Results: The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents which is of greater biological importance. Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) phenolic compound content (68.64±0.25 mg GAE/g of extract), quercetin equivalent flavonoid content (29.09±0.14 mg of QUE/g of extract), tannic acid equivalent (TAE) tannin content (51±0.42 mg TAE/g of extract), and terpenoid content (5.2%) were found to be significant in the methanol root extract of C. equisetifolia when compared with other solvents. GC-MS analysis revealed different peaks indicating the presence of different secondary metabolites. Prominent antibacterial activity was observed in methanol extract of root, with maximum zone of inhibition exhibited against Proteus vulgaris (23.45±0.28 mm). The methanol root extract was most effective with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 52.74±0.65 μg/ml for DPPH and 64.94±0.24 μg/ml for hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Maximum absorbance was observed by 80 μg/ml (IC50 51.79±0.26 μg/ml) of methanol root extract with respect to reducing power assay. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity had maximum inhibition of 84.6±0.26 with IC50 value of 33.6±0.23 μg/ml at 80 μg/ml.Conclusion: From this study, it is revealed that the species of C. equisetifolia is a source of potential phytoconstituents exhibiting significantly various biological activities leading to the development of novel drug.

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