scholarly journals Scenarios Approach to the Electromagnetic Exposure: The Case Study of a Train Compartment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. Paffi ◽  
F. Apollonio ◽  
R. Pinto ◽  
M. Liberti
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
International Guideline ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Field Distributions ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Good Agreement

Previous studies identified the train compartment as the place where people can experience the highest exposure levels (still below the international guideline limits) to electromagnetic fields in the radiofrequency range. Here a possible scenario of a train compartment has been reproduced and characterized, both numerically and experimentally. A good agreement between the simulated electric field distributions and measurements has been found. Results indicate that the higher values of exposure in specific positions inside the train compartment depend on the number of active cell phones, the bad coverage condition, the cell orientation, and the presence of metallic walls. This study shows that the proposed approach, based on the scenarios characterization, may efficiently support the assessment of the individual electromagnetic exposure.

Study on Depletion Mode Operation of Protruding-Tip Field Emitter Triodes

2000 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y-C. Luo ◽  
M. Shibata ◽  
H. Okada ◽  
H. Onnagawa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Anode Voltage ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Device Modeling ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Field Emitter ◽  
Mode Operation ◽  
Field Distributions ◽  
Conventional Field ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTElectrical characteristics of Spindt-type Molybdenum (Mo) field emitter triode devices with varied emitter tip-height have been studied based on device modeling and experiment. Potential and electric field distributions with varied the emitter tip-height has been simulated. It is observed that the electric field of the top of the higher emitter tip was strongly affected with the anode-gate distance and the anode voltage compared to conventional field emitter triode device. Experimental results with varied different tip-height were in good agreement with that of calculated results. We present the possibility of “depletion mode” field emitter triode device.

scholarly journals Formation of Oriented Fibers Using Injection of PEO Solutions inside Electric Fields Defined by Two Parallel Suspended Electrodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Rogerio Furlan ◽  
Joel A. M. Rosado ◽  
Ana Neilde Rodrigues Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Polymeric Solution ◽  
Field Distributions ◽  
Good Agreement

Formation of oriented fibers using injection of polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions inside electric fields defined by two parallel suspended electrodes is investigated. Images of streams formed with the injection of a large amount of polymeric solution reveal good agreement with electric field distributions obtained with numerical simulation (COMSOL Multiphysics) when appropriate boundary conditions are defined. Oriented fibers with diameters in the range of hundreds of nanometers to micrometers result connected between electrodes (separated by several centimeters) and can be easily collected/transferred keeping their orientation. Fibers with this characteristic find applications in topics such as tissue and sensors engineering. Also, the fibers are flexible and can be shaped with the stylus of a profilometer.

Variation Analysis of Compliant Parts in Composite Material Joined by Adhesive: A Numerical Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Corrado ◽  
Wilma Polini
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Geometric Deviations ◽  
Numerical Tool ◽  
Compliant Parts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Good Agreement

Tolerance analysis defines a procedure to estimate the resultant variation of the assembly geometry, given the tolerances associated with individual components and the functional relationship between the individual components and the assembly requirements. This aspect is particularly relevant when parts made of composite material are considered, since the research emphasis to date was on the design and fabrication of composite parts, with considerably less attention to quality issues in their subsequent assembly. This work presents a numerical tool to solve the tolerance analysis of assemblies made of compliant parts in composite material; it estimates the geometric deviations of an assembly due to the compliance of the material, the geometrical deviations of the components and the fastening of the parts by adhesive. The comparison between numerical and experimental results obtained for a case study shows a good agreement.

scholarly journals Affordable evaluation of low frequency electric fields from the standpoint of Directive 2013/35/EU

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Salceanu ◽  
Eduard Lunca ◽  
Marius Paulet
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Electric Field Sensors ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Exposure Levels

<p>Since the 1st of July 2016, the Directive 2013/35/ EU on the employees’ health protection in terms of non-ionizing electromagnetic<br />radiations acquired the force of law.<br />An accessible methodology for the characterization of a workspace is proposed here, in terms of exposure to low-frequency electric fields.</p><p>Firstly, the means whereby an external electric field can induce electrical processes in the human body are presented, followed by a comparative summary of differently expressed exposure levels (ICNIRP, European Directive, IEEE-ICES).</p><p>Further on two electric field sensors are presented that can easily be hand-crafted in any laboratory, useful for extending the capabilities of a budget, low-frequency handheld spectrum analyzer. A realistic exposure metric is developed that cumulates the influence of all E-fields in the environment. A case study is presented on the cumulative assessment of exposure to low frequency electric fields produced in a laboratory-class where a network of 16 computers was working.</p><p>A simple numerical approach based on FEMM 4.2 has also been developed for evaluating the E-field produced by overhead high voltage transmission lines.</p><p>This paper is an extended version of the original contribution to the IMEKO TC 4 2016 symposium in Budapest, Hungary.</p>

The Development of Language-Training Programs for Postrubella Hearing-Impaired Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lynch ◽  
Annette Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Systematic Fashion ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

This paper presents the procedures developed and used in the individual treatment programs for a group of preschool, postrubella, hearing-impaired children. A case study illustrates the systematic fashion in which the clinician plans programs for each child on the basis of the child’s progress at any given time during the program. The clinician’s decisions are discussed relevant to (1) the choice of a mode(s) for the child and the teacher, (2) the basis for selecting specific target behaviors, (3) the progress of each program, and (4) the implications for future programming.

‘A Routh O’ Auld Nick-Nackets’ – the antiquarian collection of John Rae

2015 ◽  
Vol 36-37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Paul Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
National Museums ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

John Rae, a Scottish antiquarian collector and spirit merchant, played a highly prominent role in the local natural history societies and exhibitions of nineteenth-century Aberdeen. While he modestly described his collection of archaeological lithics and other artefacts, principally drawn from Aberdeenshire but including some items from as far afield as the United States, as a mere ‘routh o’ auld nick-nackets' (abundance of old knick-knacks), a contemporary singled it out as ‘the best known in private hands' (Daily Free Press 4/5/91). After Rae's death, Glasgow Museums, National Museums Scotland, the University of Aberdeen Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, as well as numerous individual private collectors, purchased items from the collection. Making use of historical and archive materials to explore the individual biography of Rae and his collection, this article examines how Rae's collecting and other antiquarian activities represent and mirror wider developments in both the ‘amateur’ antiquarianism carried out by Rae and his fellow collectors for reasons of self-improvement and moral education, and the ‘professional’ antiquarianism of the museums which purchased his artefacts. Considered in its wider nineteenth-century context, this is a representative case study of the early development of archaeology in the wider intellectual, scientific and social context of the era.

Drowning in negativism, self-hate, doubt, madness: Linguistic insights into Sylvia Plath’s experience of depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Demjén
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Sylvia Plath ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Linguistic Approach

This paper demonstrates how a range of linguistic methods can be harnessed in pursuit of a deeper understanding of the ‘lived experience’ of psychological disorders. It argues that such methods should be applied more in medical contexts, especially in medical humanities. Key extracts from The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath are examined, as a case study of the experience of depression. Combinations of qualitative and quantitative linguistic methods, and inter- and intra-textual comparisons are used to consider distinctive patterns in the use of metaphor, personal pronouns and (the semantics of) verbs, as well as other relevant aspects of language. Qualitative techniques provide in-depth insights, while quantitative corpus methods make the analyses more robust and ensure the breadth necessary to gain insights into the individual experience. Depression emerges as a highly complex and sometimes potentially contradictory experience for Plath, involving both a sense of apathy and inner turmoil. It involves a sense of a split self, trapped in a state that one cannot overcome, and intense self-focus, a turning in on oneself and a view of the world that is both more negative and more polarized than the norm. It is argued that a linguistic approach is useful beyond this specific case.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CASE STUDY OF 2012 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKES ON THAILAND’S

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.

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