scholarly journals The Effect of Sandstone Composition on Distribution of Tafoni Landforms in the Aghajari Sandstone, Northwest of Masjed Soleyman, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amir Ahmadi ◽  
Ebrahim Moghimi ◽  
Seyed Mohamad Zamanzadeh ◽  
Reza Motamed
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Sandstone Composition

The Aghajari sandstone layers are located in the west of Zagros Mountains from several centimeters thicknesses to maximum 6 meters with carbonating content. Laboratory and fieldwork show high amount of carbonate content through sandstone layers and tafoni and honeycombs (THs) in early layers. In the study area three parameters have the most effective impactful factors in tafoni and honeycombs (THs) including matrix, carbonate content, and porosity. In this study result shows overlays of high ranges of CaCO3, porosity, and low matrix in the early layers (especially in A, B, C, D, and H layers) with tafoni and honeycombs (THs). Overall, we conclude that matrix and CaCO3 (carbonate clast including carbonate lithics, fragment fossils, and Pellet) and porosity have direct relationships and matrix reverse relationships with tafoni and honeycombs (THs) in the Aghajari sandstones layers.

scholarly journals Khorbas: a Lower Palaeolithic site on Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf

Antiquity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (358) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirvan Mohammadi Ghasrian
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Qeshm Island ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Lower Palaeolithic

Despite the potential importance of southern Iran, and the Persian Gulf area in particular, for discussions on the dispersal of early hominins from Africa into Eurasia during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (Bar-Yosef & Belfer-Cohen 2001; Rose 2010), this area has remained almost unexplored until recently. Historically, Palaeolithic survey and excavations in Iran have mainly concentrated in western regions, especially the Zagros Mountains. As a result of recent studies, however, evidence for Palaeolithic sites in the southern regions of Iran, from Fars province to Qeshm Island, has greatly increased (Dashtizade 2009, 2010). Even with this improvement, no sites of Lower Palaeolithic date have yet been reported from the southern coastal areas on one of the proposed early hominin routes into Eurasia. As a result, it has been suggested that the few Lower Palaeolithic sites reported from other parts of Iran, especially in the west (e.g. Biglari & Shidrang 2006), were not populated from the south.

Genetic diversity ofSorghumhalepense(L.) Pers. in Iran as revealed by IRAP markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azimeh Karimi ◽  
Hojjatollah Saeidi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
Irap Markers

Sorghum halepensegrows in a vast range of ecological regions of Iran. In this study, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 38 accessions ofS. halepenseand two accessions ofSorghum bicolor(used as out groups) collected from different regions of Iran. In total, 180 DNA fragments were amplified from eight combinations of IRAP primers, from which 178 (98.9%) were polymorphic. The IRAP-based trees and two-dimensional plot of principal coordinate analysis demonstrated six different groups corresponding to their geographical origin in Iranian germplasm ofS. halepense: (1) in the south-west region; (2) in the west along the Zagros Mountains; (3) in the north-west of the country; (4) in the centre of the country; (5) and (6) in the northern region along the eastern and western coast of Caspian Sea. The most variable populations were found in the centre and the west of Iran. The results showed high gene flow among different regions, although the south-western accessions were well differentiated from those growing in other regions. The accessions collected from western coast of Caspian Sea were differentiated from neighbouring regions in both morphological characters and IRAP data. The measured genetic distances were independent of geographical distances. This survey demonstrates high genetic dynamism in Iranian germplasm ofS. halepenseand indicates that the present germplasm is of great value in terms of sampling for new alleles for crop improvement.

Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of variation of Hordeum murinum as revealed by retroelement insertional polymorphisms in Iran

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Sharifi-Rigi ◽  
Hojjatollah Saeidi ◽  
Mohammad Rahiminejad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Hordeum Murinum ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Northwest Region

AbstractHordem murinum is a widespread weedy/wild species, growing in different ecological conditions in Iran. Populations of H. murinum subsp. glaucum (2n = 2x = 14) and subsp. leporinum (2n = 4x, 6x = 28, 42) are found in this region. Inter-retroelement amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers were used to analyse the genetic diversity of 57 accessions of H. murinum from different regions of Iran, and to examine patterns of diversity related to the taxonomy and geography. Eight IRAP primer combinations amplified a total of 241 distinct DNA fragments sized 150-1400 bp, from which 236 (97.9%) were polymorphic. On average, each primer combination amplified about 30.12 fragments (ranged from 23 to 34) in PCR. The patterns of genetic diversity were closely correlated with taxonomic groups, ploidy levels and geographic origin. Along with the high genetic diversity, three geographic sub-genepools were evident, 1: in the North-Northeast region along the Alborz Mountains, 2: in the West-Northwest region along the Zagros Mountains, and 3: in the Central — Southern region. The genetic diversity in diploids was higher than polyploids. Also genetic diversity in W-NW region along the Zagros Mountains was considerably higher than that of the other regions.

scholarly journals The Dispersion of the Kurds in Ancient Times

1921 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Driver
Keyword(s):  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Mountainous Country

The territory occupied by the Kurdish race in historic times seems to have been the district called by the Greeks Kardûchia, and by both Greeks and Romans Corduene or Gordiaea, and by the Syriac writers Qardū, whence the earliest Arabic authorities derived the name Qardā, the country bounded roughly on the north by Armenia, on the west by the river Euphrates, on the south by the Arabian desert, and on the east by the ancient kingdom of Media. Strabo, the Greek geographer, states that Armenia and Atropatene consisted of prosperous districts, but that the northern part was a mountainous country occupied by wild tribes, such as the Kyrtii, nomads and brigands dispersed over the whole of Armenia and extending eastwards over the Zagros mountains. More closely he defines the land of the Gordiaei, whom the earlier writers called Kardūchi, by locating it on the banks of the Tigris and by adding that one of its chief cities was Pinaka, the modern Finik, “a very strong fortress, having three hill-tops, each fortified with its own wall, so as to form as it were a threefold city; yet Armenians subjugated it and Romans took it by storm, although the Gordiaei were apparently good builders and skilled in siege-works, for which reason Tigranes so employed them.”

scholarly journals The discovery of an in situ Neanderthal remain in the Bawa Yawan Rockshelter, West-Central Zagros Mountains, Kermanshah

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0253708
Author(s):  
Saman Heydari-Guran ◽  
Stefano Benazzi ◽  
Sahra Talamo ◽  
Elham Ghasidian ◽  
Nemat Hariri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Before Present ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
West Central ◽  
Western Eurasia

Neanderthal extinction has been a matter of debate for many years. New discoveries, better chronologies and genomic evidence have done much to clarify some of the issues. This evidence suggests that Neanderthals became extinct around 40,000–37,000 years before present (BP), after a period of coexistence with Homo sapiens of several millennia, involving biological and cultural interactions between the two groups. However, the bulk of this evidence relates to Western Eurasia, and recent work in Central Asia and Siberia has shown that there is considerable local variation. Southwestern Asia, despite having a number of significant Neanderthal remains, has not played a major part in the debate over extinction. Here we report a Neanderthal deciduous canine from the site of Bawa Yawan in the West-Central Zagros Mountains of Iran. The tooth is associated with Zagros Mousterian lithics, and its context is preliminary dated to between ~43,600 and ~41,500 years ago.

scholarly journals Cyclostratigraphy, stratigraphic gaps and the duration of the Hettangian Stage (Jurassic): insights from the Blue Lias Formation of southern Britain

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1469-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham P. Weedon ◽  
Kevin N. Page ◽  
Hugh C. Jenkyns
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
The West ◽  
False Discovery Rates ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Frequency Ratios ◽  
Independent Confirmation ◽  
Discovery Rates

AbstractThe lithostratigraphic characteristics of the iconic Blue Lias Formation of southern Britain are influenced by sedimentation rates and stratigraphic gaps. Evidence for regular sedimentary cycles is reassessed using logs of magnetic susceptibility from four sites as an inverse proxy for carbonate content. Standard spectral analysis, including allowing for false discovery rates, demonstrates several scales of regular cyclicity in depth. Bayesian probability spectra provide independent confirmation of at least one scale of regular cyclicity at all sites. The frequency ratios between the different scales of cyclicity are consistent with astronomical forcing of climate at the periods of the short eccentricity, obliquity and precession cycles. Using local tuned time scales, 62 ammonite biohorizons have minimum durations of 0.7 to 276 ka, with 94% of them <41 ka. The duration of the Hettangian Stage is ≥2.9 Ma according to data from the West Somerset and Devon/Dorset coasts individually, increasing to ≥3.7 Ma when combined with data from Glamorgan and Warwickshire. A composite time scale, constructed using the tuned time scales plus correlated biohorizon limits treated as time lines, allows for the integration of local stratigraphic gaps. This approach yields an improved duration for the Hettangian Stage of ≥4.1 Ma, a figure that is about twice that suggested in recent time scales.

scholarly journals Presence probability of Hemiscorpius lepturus Peters, 1861 using maximum entropy approach in the western areas of Zagros Mountains, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Mona Sharififard ◽  
Elham Jahanifard ◽  
Shahrokh Navidpour ◽  
Babak Vazirianzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Jackknife Test ◽  
Binary Model ◽  
Hemiscorpius Lepturus

Aim: The purpose of this research was to use environmental variables for predicting the probability of Hemiscorpius lepturus existence in the provinces where situated in the west of the Zagros Mountains. Materials and Methods: In this study, 64 occurrence records of the H. lepturus were extracted from the published documents available in electronic databases. MaxEnt model was used for predicting the ecological niches of this species. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and 19 climatic variables were used as the environmental variables affecting the distribution of this scorpion. The Jackknife test in the model was used to indicate the importance of variables to predict the probability of the presence of the studied species. The logistic threshold that was evaluated using a logistic regression algorithm showed the converting of the probability model into a binary model. The model was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC). The probability presence map of this scorpion was then prepared in ArcGIS 10.5 Software. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the most important environmental factor on the distribution of H. lepturus was the maximum temperature of the warmest month (Bio5) with a contribution rate of 43% and permutation importance of 8%. The Jackknife test revealed that NDVI did not gain any value when it used independently in the model. The logistic threshold was reported 0.255 for the maximum test sensitivity plus specificity. The AUC of the model was 0.7698, shows an acceptable value for model validity. Overall the hot spots for this toxic scorpion seem to be in Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Ilam Provinces of the studied area. Conclusion: Regarding our findings, MaxEnt algorithm, in combination with geographic information system contributed to revealing the effects of environmental variables on the probability of H. lepturus presence in the west of Zagros Mountains. These visualized maps as a warning alarm can be helpful to policymakers for managing, controlling, and monitoring the scorpionism in high-risk areas.

Enumeration and Identification of Asbestos Fibres in Water

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mudroch ◽  
J. R. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
List Type ◽  
The West ◽  
Asbestos Fibre ◽  
Amphibole Asbestos

Approximately 60,000 tons per day of waste from taconite mining, tailing, are added to the west arm of Lake Superior at Silver Bay. Tailings contain nearly the same amount of quartz and amphibole asbestos, cummingtonite and actinolite in fibrous form. Cummingtonite fibres from 0.01μm in length have been found in the water supply for Minnesota municipalities.The purpose of the research work was to develop a method for asbestos fibre counts and identification in water and apply it for the enumeration of fibres in water samples collected(a) at various stations in Lake Superior at two depth: lm and at the bottom.(b) from various rivers in Lake Superior Drainage Basin.

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