scholarly journals The Effects of Metabolic Work Rate and Ambient Environment on Physiological Tolerance Times While Wearing Explosive and Chemical Personal Protective Equipment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Costello ◽  
Kelly L. Stewart ◽  
Ian B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Physiological Tolerance ◽  
Volitional Fatigue ◽  
Globe Temperature

This study evaluated the physiological tolerance times when wearing explosive and chemical (>35 kg) personal protective equipment (PPE) in simulated environmental extremes across a range of differing work intensities. Twelve healthy males undertook nine trials which involved walking on a treadmill at 2.5, 4, and 5.5 km·h−1in the following environmental conditions, 21, 30, and 37°C wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Participants exercised for 60 min or until volitional fatigue, core temperature reached 39°C, or heart rate exceeded 90% of maximum. Tolerance time, core temperature, skin temperature, mean body temperature, heart rate, and body mass loss were measured. Exercise time was reduced in the higher WBGT environments (WBGT37 < WBGT30 < WBGT21;P< 0.05) and work intensities (5.5 < 4 < 2.5 km·h−1;P< 0.001). The majority of trials (85/108; 78.7%) were terminated due to participant’s heart rate exceeding 90% of their maximum. A total of eight trials (7.4%) lasted the full duration. Only nine (8.3%) trials were terminated due to volitional fatigue and six (5.6%) due to core temperatures in excess of 39°C. These results demonstrate that physiological tolerance times are influenced by the external environment and workload and that cardiovascular strain is the limiting factor to work tolerance when wearing this heavy multilayered PPE.

scholarly journals Core temperature up to 41.5ºC during the UCI Road Cycling World Championships in the heat

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Racinais ◽  
Sebastien Moussay ◽  
David Nichols ◽  
Gavin Travers ◽  
Taoufik Belfekih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Road Race ◽  
Globe Temperature

ObjectiveTo characterise the core temperature response and power output profile of elite male and female cyclists during the 2016 UCI Road World Championships. This may contribute to formulating environmental heat stress policies.MethodsCore temperature was recorded via an ingestible capsule in 10, 15 and 15 cyclists during the team time trial (TTT), individual time trial (ITT) and road race (RR), respectively. Power output and heart rate were extracted from individual cycling computers. Ambient conditions in direct sunlight were hot (37°C±3°C) but dry (25%±16% relative humidity), corresponding to a wet-bulb globe temperature of 27°C±2°C.ResultsCore temperature increased during all races (p<0.001), reaching higher peak values in TTT (39.8°C±0.9°C) and ITT (39.8°C±0.4°C), relative to RR (39.2°C±0.4°C, p<0.001). The highest temperature recorded was 41.5°C (TTT). Power output was significantly higher during TTT (4.7±0.3 W/kg) and ITT (4.9±0.5 W/kg) than RR (2.7±0.4 W/kg, p<0.001). Heart rate increased during the TTs (p<0.001) while power output decreased (p<0.001).Conclusion85% of the cyclists participating in the study (ie, 34 of 40) reached a core temperature of at least 39°C with 25% (ie, 10 of 40) exceeding 40°C. Higher core temperatures were reached during the time trials than the RR.

scholarly journals Core Temperature Parameters in Elite Sailors during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Test Event

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Grushin ◽  
Mariya Ogurtsova ◽  
Yulia Lemesheva ◽  
Sergey Zotkin ◽  
Daniil Ilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Test Event ◽  
Globe Temperature

Objective On the eve of the summer Olympic Games in Tokyo research focus has shifted on the core temperature responses of elite athletes competing in the heat. In the absence of the field data of core temperature during Olympic sailing competition aim of the present study was to identify core temperature response during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Test Event. Methods Four elite athletes from Olympic sailing (177.5&plusmn;5.2 cm, 71.1&plusmn;7.4 kg, body mass index 22.5&plusmn;1.4 kg/m2, 24.8&plusmn;3.7 yrs, VO2max 50.6&plusmn;7.2 mL/min/kg)): 2 males and 2 females participated in the study. Core temperature was recorded using e-Celsius ingestible capsules, heart rate using a heart rate monitor. Ambient conditions in direct sunlight were measured using portable meteo station. Results Core temperature was recorded at water environment via an ingestible capsule in 4 sailors during the training (T), and competition (C), respectively. Ambient conditions in direct sunlight were hot and humid: during training temperature were 30.9&deg;C&plusmn;1.7&deg;C and relative humidity 81.4%&plusmn;2.8%, corresponding to a wet-bulb globe temperature of 41&deg;C&plusmn;4&deg;C and during competition temperature was 31.2&deg;C&plusmn;2.3&deg;C and relative humidity 87.2%&plusmn;4.4%, corresponding to a wet-bulb globe temperature of 45.2&deg;C&plusmn;8.9&deg;C. Core temperature increased during training reaching higher peak values (38.6&deg;C&plusmn;0.4&deg;C) and during competition (38.9&deg;C&plusmn;0.4&deg;C). The highest temperature recorded was 39.4&deg;C (C). Conclusion The current study provides unique information into the core temperature parameters under heat stress in elite Olympic sailors during training and race event.

scholarly journals Fatigue among health care workers during emergency interventions using biological personal protective equipment: an observational simulation study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Martín-Rodríguez ◽  
Ancor Sanz-García ◽  
Raúl López-Izquierdo ◽  
Juan F. Delgado Benito ◽  
José L. Martín-Conty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Emergency Team ◽  
Physiological Tolerance ◽  
Care Workers

Abstract Background : Biohazard incidents are ordinary situations usually managed by health systems with the mandatory priority of preventing the spread of the pathogen. Health care workers in charge of dealing with these situations must be equipped with personal protective equipment (PPE) for her/his own security. The main objective of this study was developing a risk model to predict whether health care workers will tolerate wearing PPE, III category, 4B / 5B / 6B type, against biological risks during a 30 minutes intervention. Methods : A preliminary, prospective, simulation study, without intervention was conducted at the Advanced Simulation Center at the Medicine Faculty of Valladolid University (Spain) from April 3rd to 28th, 2017. Students and professional's health care were equipped with a PPE and performed a 30 minutes-long biohazard simulation. Anthropometric, physiological, analytical variables, and anxiety levels were measured pre- and post-simulation. A scoring model was constructed by using the estimate regression coefficients of the significant variables obtained from a multivariate model of the logistic regression for the outcome variable. Results : 96 volunteers with median age of 26 years (25th-75th percentile: 22-41 years) of which 56 (58.3%) were women enter into the test. Half of the sample presented metabolic fatigue after 20 minutes of finishing the simulation. The predictive model included female sex, height, both muscle and bone mass and moderate level of physical activity. The validity of the main model using all the variables presented an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.786-0.935), and the validity of the model presented an AUC of 0.725 (95%CI: 0.559-0.89). Conclusions : Decision-making in biohazard incidents is a challenge for emergency team leaders. An a priori knowledge of physiological tolerance of wearing a PPE of the health care workers could improve their performance. The model presented here could help in the assessment of the worker response under biohazard conditions.

scholarly journals Comparative physiological and hygienic assessment of the personal protective equipment EP-4(0) in the various assembly according to human thermal state indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Olga V. Burmistrova ◽  
Sergey Yu. Perov ◽  
Tatyana A. Konshina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The article presents results of the study of the impact of the personal protective equipment EP-4 (0) in various assembly (overalls, jacket and trousers, jacket and semi-overall) from power frequency electric field and electrical shock on the thermal state of workers in a heating environment at air temperature 34.8 ○C and relative humidity 48%. Materials and methods. The study involved three men aged 35.3±4.6 years. They did the physical exercise for 40 minutes, had comfortable relaxation for 30 minutes after work. Recorded indices included skin temperature and moisture sensation score on 11 parts of the body, body temperature in the ear canal, heart rate, clothes temperature, heat sensation score, moisture loss, moisture evaporation efficiency. Results. Overalls using had the highest values of heat content, moisture score, heart rate changes, and body temperature increment. Heat content index in the body reached maximum permissible value using overalls earlier than other configurations. Conclusion. The research data showed overalls have the most significant impact on the human thermal state, jacket and trousers have the least impact, jacket and semi-overall take an intermediate place. The configuration including jacket and trousers, jacket and semi-overall under specific operating conditions is the most optimal. Such PPE assembly can be recommended for use in the open area in the summer season at an air temperature of 35 ○C and above, subject to protective requirements.

The Effect of Hyperhydration on CV Function and Core Temperature on Treadmill Exercise in Personal Protective Equipment

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S190
Author(s):  
David Hostler ◽  
Michael Gallagher ◽  
Jennifer R. Seitz ◽  
Fredric L. Goss ◽  
Steven E. Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Temperature ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Protective Equipment

scholarly journals Core Temperature Responses in Elite Cricket Players during Australian Summer Conditions

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Sharon Stay ◽  
Michelle Cort ◽  
David Ward ◽  
Alex Kountouris ◽  
John Orchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Breaks In Play ◽  
Australian Summer

This study aimed to observe core temperature responses in elite cricket players under match conditions during the summer in Australia. Thirty-eight Australian male cricketers ingested capsule temperature sensors during six four-day first-class matches between February 2016 and March 2017. Core temperature (Tc) was recorded during breaks in play. Batters showed an increase in Tc related to time spent batting of approximately 1 °C per two hours of play (p < 0.001). Increases in rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in batters correlated with smaller elevations in Tc (0.2 °C per one unit of elevation in RPE) (p < 0.001). Significant, but clinically trivial, increases in Tc of batters were found related to the day of play, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), air temperature, and humidity. A trivial increase in Tc (p < 0.001) was associated with time in the field and RPE when fielding. There was no association between Tc and WBGT, air temperature, humidity, or day of play in fielders. This study demonstrates that batters have greater rises in Tc than other cricket participants, and may have an increased risk of exertional heat illness, despite exposure to similar environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Management in the Military: Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Offsets for Modern Body Armor Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110052
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hunt ◽  
Adam W. Potter ◽  
Denise M. Linnane ◽  
Xiaojiang Xu ◽  
Mark J. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Exertional Heat Illness ◽  
Ballistic Protection ◽  
Body Core ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Globe Temperature

Objective The aim of this study was to model the effect of body armor coverage on body core temperature elevation and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) offset. Background Heat stress is a critical factor influencing the health and safety of military populations. Work duration limits can be imposed to mitigate the risk of exertional heat illness and are derived based on the environmental conditions (WBGT). Traditionally a 3°C offset to WBGT is recommended when wearing body armor; however, modern body armor systems provide a range of coverage options, which may influence thermal strain imposed on the wearer. Method The biophysical properties of four military clothing ensembles of increasing ballistic protection coverage were measured on a heated sweating manikin in accordance with standard international criteria. Body core temperature elevation during light, moderate, and heavy work was modeled in environmental conditions from 16°C to 34°C WBGT using the heat strain decision aid. Results Increasing ballistic protection resulted in shorter work durations to reach a critical core temperature limit of 38.5°C. Environmental conditions, armor coverage, and work intensity had a significant influence on WBGT offset. Conclusion Contrary to the traditional recommendation, the required WBGT offset was >3°C in temperate conditions (<27°C WBGT), particularly for moderate and heavy work. In contrast, a lower WBGT offset could be applied during light work and moderate work in low levels of coverage. Application Correct WBGT offsets are important for enabling adequate risk management strategies for mitigating risks of exertional heat illness.

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