scholarly journals Trend and Development of Semisolid Metal Joining Processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Mohammed ◽  
M. Z. Omar ◽  
Z. Sajuri ◽  
M. S. Salleh ◽  
K. S. Alhawari
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Liquidus Temperatures ◽  
Semisolid Metal

The semisolid metal joining (SSMJ) process or thixojoining process has recently been developed based on the principles of SSM processing, which is a technology that involves the formation of metal alloys between solidus and liquidus temperatures. Thixojoining has many potential benefits, which has encouraged researchers to carry out feasibility studies on various materials that could be utilized in this process and which could transform the production of metal components. This paper reviews the findings in the literature to date in this evolving field, specifically, the experimental details, technology considerations for industrialization, and advantages and disadvantages of the various types of SSMJ methods that have been proposed. It also presents details of the range of materials that have been joined by using the SSMJ process. Furthermore, it highlights the huge potential of this process and future directions for further research.

Inflammatory Markers Associated With Diabetes Mellitus – Old and New Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emir Muzurović ◽  
Zoja Stanković ◽  
Zlata Kovačević ◽  
Benida Šahmanović Škrijelj ◽  
Dimitri P Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Made In

: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and complex metabolic disorder, and also an important cause of cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs). Subclinical inflammation, observed in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM), cannot be considered the sole or primary cause of T2DM in the absence of classical risk factors, but it represents an important mechanism that serves as a bridge between primary causes of T2DM and its manifestation. Progress has been made in the identification of effective strategies to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM. It is important to identify those at increased risk for DM by using specific biomarkers. Inflammatory markers correlate with insulin resistance (IR) and glycoregulation in patients with DM. Also, several inflammatory markers have been shown to be useful in assessing the risk of developing DM and its complications. However, the intertwining of pathophysiological processes and the not-quite-specificity of inflammatory markers for certain clinical entities limits their practical use. In this review we consider the advantages and disadvantages of various inflammatory biomarkers of DM that have been investigated to date as well as possible future directions. Key features of such biomarkers should be high specificity, non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Nuclear mass measurements with radioactive ion beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 1930005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Famiano
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Nuclear Mass ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nuclear Masses ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Practical Constraints

Nuclear masses are the most fundamental of all nuclear properties, yet they can provide a wealth of knowledge, including information on astrophysical sites, constraints on existing theory, and fundamental symmetries. In nearly all applications, it is necessary to measure nuclear masses with very high precision. As mass measurements push to more short-lived and more massive nuclei, the practical constraints on mass measurement techniques become more exacting. Various techniques used to measure nuclear masses, including their advantages and disadvantages are described. Descriptions of some of the world facilities at which the nuclear mass measurements are performed are given, and brief summaries of planned facilities are presented. Future directions are mentioned, and conclusions are presented which provide a possible outlook and emphasis on upcoming plans for nuclear mass measurements at existing facilities, those under construction, and those being planned.

Open science reforms: Strengths, challenges, and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Wentzel
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

In this article, I comment on the potential benefits and limitations of open science reforms for improving the transparency and accountability of research, and enhancing the credibility of research findings within communities of policy and practice. Specifically, I discuss the role of replication and reproducibility of research in promoting better quality studies, the identification of generalizable principles, and relevance for practitioners and policymakers. Second, I suggest that greater attention to theory might contribute to the impact of open science practices, and discuss ways in which theory has implications for sampling, measurement and research design. Ambiguities concerning the aims of preregistration and registered reports also are highlighted. In conclusion, I discuss structural roadblocks to open science reform and reflect on the relevance of these reforms for educational psychology.

Stereoscopic 3D

2013 ◽  
pp. 258-287
Author(s):  
Ian Barba ◽  
James Brewer ◽  
Brenda Swinford
Keyword(s):  
Background Information ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
3D Technology ◽  
Stereoscopic 3D ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Texas Tech University ◽  
3D Content

This chapter summarizes information gathered in the first two phases of research being conducted at Texas Tech University (TTU) Libraries on the feasibility and potential benefits of using stereoscopic 3D content in a classroom or library. The authors share background information gathered during the first phase of the research, including an overview of stereoscopic 3D technology and a review of related research. They then discuss findings and recommendations from the second phase of the research, including detailed coverage of 3D equipment, practical advice for using 3D technology, and results from demonstration and survey sessions conducted with TTU faculty, staff, and students. The authors also share options for accessing and creating stereoscopic 3D content. They end with a discussion of some future directions of stereoscopic 3D.

Pose Tracking in Augmented Reality of Cultural Heritage

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Daniel Asmar
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pose Tracking ◽  
Solution Methods

This paper briefly surveys pose tracking methods used for augmented reality applications in cultural heritage. The paper primarily benefits scholars and practitioners in the areas of electronic heritage. Pose tracking techniques are categorized as either being dependent or independent of their surrounding; accordingly, various solution methods in the literature are presented along with their advantages and disadvantages. I conclude the paper with a discussion on the open problems in pose tracking in cultural heritage and recommend future directions of research in this field.

scholarly journals Trust-Based Attack and Defense in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Weidong Fang ◽  
Wuxiong Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Tao Pan ◽  
Yepeng Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trust Management ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Authentication Schemes ◽  
Attack And Defense ◽  
Encryption And Authentication ◽  
Internal Attacks

As a key component of the information sensing and aggregating for big data, cloud computing, and Internet of Things (IoT), the information security in wireless sensor network (WSN) is critical. Due to constrained resources of sensor node, WSN is becoming a vulnerable target to many security attacks. Compared to external attacks, it is more difficult to defend against internal attacks. The former can be defended by using encryption and authentication schemes. However, this is invalid for the latter, which can obtain all keys of the network. The studies have proved that the trust management technology is one of effective approaches for detecting and defending against internal attacks. Hence, it is necessary to investigate and review the attack and defense with trust management. In this paper, the state-of-the-art trust management schemes are deeply investigated for WSN. Moreover, their advantages and disadvantages are symmetrically compared and analyzed in defending against internal attacks. The future directions of trust management are further provided. Finally, the conclusions and prospects are given.

Affective Tutoring Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Thompson ◽  
Tanya Jane McGill
Keyword(s):  
Affective Computing ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Tutoring Systems ◽  
User Input ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Potential Benefits

This paper introduces the field of affective computing, and the benefits that can be realized by enhancing e-learning applications with the ability to detect and respond to emotions experienced by the learner. Affective computing has potential benefits for all areas of computing where the computer replaces or mediates face to face communication. The particular relevance of affective computing to e-learning, due to the complex interplay between emotions and the learning process, is considered along with the need for new theories of learning that incorporate affect. Some of the potential means for inferring users’ affective state are also reviewed. These can be broadly categorized into methods that involve the user’s input, and methods that acquire the information independent of any user input. This latter category is of particular interest as these approaches have the potential for more natural and unobtrusive implementation, and it includes techniques such as analysis of vocal patterns, facial expressions or physiological state. The paper concludes with a review of prominent affective tutoring systems and promotes future directions for e-learning that capitalize on the strengths of affective computing.

Teaching Design Methodology to Undergraduates Through Multi-Year Projects

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Azemi ◽  
Ivan Esparragoza
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Honors Students ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Honor Students ◽  
To Come

This paper presents a new approach for teaching engineering design methodology that consists of covering different steps of the design process in four semesters focusing on a specific problem. During the first semester students are introduced to the overall design methodology and are asked to identify the needs, tasks and outputs, based on a given problem statement. During the second semester students are asked to come up with a conceptual design and modify the inputs, tasks and outputs. During the third semester students are asked to come up with a working preliminary design solution and obtain some output data. And during the fourth semester students are asked to modify their design, based on their results from the previous semesters and the problem requirements, and come up with the final detailed design. Each part requires a separate report, with the results from the first three being referenced in the final report. At this time due to several considerations, including limited resources, we are only targeting engineering honors students and using robotics related problems for the multi-year design projects. The four-semester long project will be the "honors option" for the courses that engineering honor students must take during the first two years at our campus. A detailed description of this approach, including advantages and disadvantages, future directions and recommendations, are included.

scholarly journals Establishment and Application of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells in the Era of Precision Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Seok Suh ◽  
Jae Young Joung ◽  
Sung Han Kim ◽  
Ho Kyung Seo ◽  
Jinsoo Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Potential Tool ◽  
Selection Of

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men and is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Additionally, there is concern for overdiagnosis and overtreatment of PC. Thus, selection of an appropriate candidate for active surveillance as well as more accurate and less invasive tools for monitoring advanced PC is required. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as a liquid biopsy tool; there have been several reports on its role, technologies, and applications to various cancers, including PC. Liquid biopsy using CTCs has been gaining attention as a minimal invasive tool for investigation of biomarkers and for prognosis and assessment of response to therapies in patients with PC. Because of the lower invasiveness of liquid biopsy using CTCs, it can be performed more frequently; accordingly, personalized disease status can be successively determined at serial time points. CTC analysis enables detection of genomic alterations, which is drug-targetable, and it is a potential tool for monitoring response to therapeutic agents in patients with PC. This review focuses on the characteristics, technologies for analysis, and advantages and disadvantages of CTCs as a liquid biopsy tool and their application in PC. Finally, we propose future directions of CTCs.

A pilot Project Exploring the Utility and Acceptability of a Socially-assistive Robot in an Assessment Unit for People with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S104-S104
Author(s):  
S. Loi ◽  
R. Khosla ◽  
K. Nguyen ◽  
N. Lautenschlager ◽  
D. Velakoulis
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Assistive Robots ◽  
Socially Assistive Robots ◽  
Assistive Robot ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Socially Assistive Robot

ObjectivesSocially-assistive robots have been used with older adults with cognitive impairment in residential care, and found to improve mood and well-being. However, there is little known about the potential benefits in adults with other neuropsychiatric symptoms.AimsThe aim of this project was explore the utility and acceptability of a socially-assistive robot in engaging adults with a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms.MethodsBetty, a socially-assistive robot was installed in a unit which specialises in the assessment and diagnosis of adults presenting with neuropsychiatric symptoms. She is 39 cm tall, has a baby-face appearance and has the ability to engage individuals through personalised services which can be programmed according to individuals’ preferences. These include singing songs and playing games. Training for the nursing staff who were responsible for incorporating Betty into the unit activities was provided. The frequency, duration and type of activity which Betty was involved in was recorded. Patients admitted who could provide informed consent were able to be included in the project. These participants completed pre- and post-questionnaires.ResultsEight patients (mean age 54.4 years, SD 13.6) who had diagnoses ranging from depression and schizophrenia participated. Types of activities included singing songs, playing Bingo and reading the news. Participants reported that they were comfortable with Betty and did not feel concerned in her presence. They enjoyed interacting with her.ConclusionsThis pilot project demonstrated that participants found Betty to be acceptable and she was useful in engaging them in activities. Future directions would involve larger sample sizes and different settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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