scholarly journals Novel Electrochemical Treatment of Spent Caustic from the Hydrocarbon Industry Using Ti/BDD

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Medel ◽  
Erika Méndez ◽  
José L. Hernández-López ◽  
José A. Ramírez ◽  
Jesús Cárdenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Electrochemical Technology ◽  
Spent Caustic ◽  
Pretreatment Phase ◽  
Environmental Agencies

During the crude oil refining process, NaOH solutions are used to remove H2S, H2Saq, and sulfur compounds from different hydrocarbon streams. The residues obtained are called “spent caustics.” These residues can be mixed with those obtained in other processes, adding to its chemical composition naphthenic acids and phenolic compounds, resulting in one of the most dangerous industrial residues. In this study, the use of electrochemical technology (ET), using BDD with Ti as substrate (Ti/BDD), is evaluated in electrolysis of spent caustic mixtures, obtained through individual samples from different refineries. In this way, the Ti/BDD’s capability of carrying out the electrochemical destruction of spent caustics in an acidic medium is evaluated having as key process a chemical pretreatment phase. The potential production of•OHs, as the main reactive oxygen species electrogenerated over Ti/BDD surface, was evaluated in HCl and H2SO4through fluorescence spectroscopy, demonstrating the reaction medium’s influence on its production. The results show that the hydrocarbon industry spent caustics can be mineralized to CO2and water, driving the use of ET and of the Ti/BDD to solve a real problem, whose potential and negative impact on the environment and on human health is and has been the environmental agencies’ main focus.

Study of the composition and environmental aspects of the use of pyrolysis distillate of the Ustyurt gas chemical complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
M.N. Tsukanov ◽  
◽  
V.M. Kapustin ◽  
M.J. Makhmudov ◽  
R.V. Khakimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Useful Components ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Liquid Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Broad Fraction ◽  
Technical Products

The development of technologically efficient and economical methods of using liquid pyrolysis products is a task of current interest. Despite the apparent variety of developments, the proposed methods are reduced either to obtaining a set of fractions, which are subsequently used as technical products, or to obtaining a wide range of individual compounds. The complexity and wastelessness of oil refining and petrochemistry, which has become especially acute due to the increasing negative impact of human activities on the environment, provides for the complete utilization of all material flows with the maximum extraction of useful components, the use of technologies, catalysts and reagents that exclude the formation of harmful emissions and waste. Currently, one of the most common methods for producing lower olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylenes) is the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons of various origins (gas, straight-run gasoline, a broad fraction of light hydrocarbons, etc.).

scholarly journals Oil slurries and methods of their disposal

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Road Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

One of the most promising ways of recycling waste oil and oil refining industries, in particular oil sludge, is their processing into valuable building and road materials. Solving this issue can help reduce the negative impact on the environment, rational use of natural resources and improve the state's economy. In this regard, it is important to conduct research on the physical and chemical properties and thermal characteristics of oil sludge samples taken under the conditions of Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant LLP, which was the purpose of this work.

scholarly journals Study on the effect of electrochemical treatment of nicosulfuron wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Wenqiang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Titanium Plate ◽  
Plate Spacing ◽  
Electrochemical Technology ◽  
Simulated Waste ◽  
Electrolyte Ph ◽  
Low Dosage

Nicosulfuron, a kind of sulfonylurea herbicide, because of its high activity and low dosage, has been widely used in corn planting weeding. Electrochemical method was chosen to treat its simulated waste water and the influence factors such as current intensity, plate spacing and electrolyte pH on electrolysis effect were investigated. A double-coated titanium dioxide titanium plate was chosen as the anode accompanied with a single-coated titanium plate as the cathode. The results showed that the removal efficiency of nicosulfuron was the highest when the electrolyte pH=3, the plate spacing is 1.5cm and the current intensity is 0.8A. Under the optimal condition, the removal rate of nicosulfuron reached 86.6% after 7 hours electrolysis. Thus, electrochemical technology might provide a significant method to remove the synthetic organic compounds.

Modern methods to reduce evaporation and ensure safety when storing petroleum products in tanks

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
A. M. Kuzminskaya ◽  
◽  
M. V. Buzaeva ◽  
O. V. Ageeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Term Storage

Introduction. With long-term storage of gasoline in large-capacity tanks, the problem associated with their volatility becomes urgent. Evaporation of petroleum products and gasoline leads to a change in their physical and chemical properties, a decrease in the yield of light petroleum products during oil refining, and a deterioration in the performance characteristics of engines. In this regard, it becomes difficult to start engines, their reliability, fuel consumption increases and the service life is reduced. Lost light hydrocarbons pollute the environment and increase the fire hazard of enterprises. The aim of the work is to identify effective, inexpensive and safe methods for reducing the volatility of oil products, including gasoline, when stored in tanks. Research methods. A retrospective analysis of studies on the problems of reducing losses of petroleum products during their storage, transportation and use is carried out. Technical and organizational methods for reducing the evaporation of fuels and the use of chemical additives as an inexpensive and effective method for solving the problem of the volatility of gasolines are considered. The conclusion about the efficiency of using chemical additives to fuels to reduce volatility has been substantiated. Results and their discussion. Conclusions are made about the possibility of using surfactants as additives to reduce the evaporation of gasolines during long-term storage in tanks. The analysis of the main components and methods for the synthesis of surfactant compositions capable of creating a surfactant film at the liquid-atmosphere interface, which protects the liquid from evaporation. Conclusion. Reducing the volatility of gasoline with the use of inexpensive and effective additives introduced into the fuel in small quantities, not only reduces the explosion and fire hazard during storage in large tanks, reduces losses, but also prevents the negative impact on the environment from the ingress of low molecular hydrocarbons into it. Key words: volatility of petroleum products, losses during storage of gasoline, methods of reducing volatility, additives.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 and Transfusion Safety : Systematic Review and Concepts Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christian Mangala ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Denis Maulot Bangola ◽  
Thérèse Nkoa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a real problem facing blood banks. This genetic diversity has a negative impact on diagnostic strategies within the transfusion chain by weakening the security of the donation. The objective of this study is to clarify the concepts emanating from the research project entitled : «Genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its effect on the residual risk in blood transfusion in Gabon». Methods: This study was the result of a systematic review and a conceptual analysis of several studies that were systematically searched for in databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline), and whose object was focused on the genetic diversity of HIV -1 and its impact on transfusion safety. Indeed, the information relating to the concepts coming from the full articles was used. These were obtained by reading the most relevant articles. All relevant studies reporting data on HIV-1 genetic diversity and blood safety published in English between January 2012 and December 2020 have been identified for context. The method of conceptual analysis of « Walker and Avant (2005) » was used to clarify the different concepts of our study. The correlation test was used to show the relationship between the concepts. Results: This systematic review and conceptual analysis study made it possible to determine the variables and to clarify the different concepts (HIV-1, Genetic diversity, Blood transfusion, Residual risk) essential for carrying out our research project entitled: "Genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its effect on the residual risk in blood transfusion". This model made it possible to show the effect of the genetic diversity of HIV-1 on the residual risk in blood transfusion using as model variables : viral load and serological markers (Antibodies and P24 Antigen). Knowledge of molecular strains (URF, CRF, subtypes) during this study made it possible to better identify the molecular strains most involved in the residual risk. Despite its complexity, this conceptual analysis contributed enormously to the understanding of the activities and the quantifiable and non-quantifiable components that participated in our study. Statistical analysis showed that the HIV-1 concept was significantly related to the other three concepts with P = 0.001. Likewise for the concept of genetic diversity was also significantly linked to the two other concepts with P = 0.003. Conclusion: The genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the blood transfusion environment contributes significantly to the transmission of HIV from donor to recipient. The mastery of these molecular strains is essential for the various blood banks to ensure a safe blood supply.

scholarly journals OXIDAÇÃO ANÓDICA PARA DESCONTAMINAÇÃO DE UM EFLUENTE CONTAMINADO COM O HERBICIDA GLIFOSATO UTILIZANDO ANODO DE DIAMANTE DOPADO COM BORO

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maycon Lima ◽  
Ana Fajardo ◽  
Elaine Santos ◽  
Aline Sales-Solano ◽  
Djalma Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Magnetic Stirring ◽  
Initial Ph

ANODIC OXIDATION FOR DECONTAMINATION OF CONTAMINATED EFFLUENT WITH GLYPHOSATE HERBICIDE USING BORON DOPED DIAMOND ANODE. Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in various crops. Based on the existing literature, this herbicide has carcinogenic characteristics, being able to be found in water courses, not only for its leaching in soils, but also in the effluents of the industries that produce it. Due to its negative impact on living beings, this work aims to investigate the applicability of the electrochemical treatment of a synthetic solution containing glyphosate with boron-doped diamond anode. Two electrochemical systems were tested (magnetic stirring and recirculation flow) for studying the applied current density (j = 30-200 mA cm-2), initial glyphosate concentration (250-850 mg L-1) and initial pH (3-9) as operating conditions. Best removal efficiencies were achieved at 100 mA cm-2, 850 mg L-1 of glyphosate and the natural effluent pH (≈5,0). The performance of the electrochemical systems was evaluated in terms of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and energy requirements. After 120 min of treatment, comparing the magnetic stirring system to the recirculation it was verified that the first one is the most economically viable with an energy consumption of 56 kWh m-3. However, the results at both electrochemical systems are mor

scholarly journals The Problem of Illegal Migration from China to Russia and Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Xun Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Illegal Migrants

In the article raises the complex problem to describe the components of the phenomenon of Chinese illegal migration in theRussian Federation, to identify ways of solving problematic issues. The investigation of the interpretation and application of the term«illegal migration» in regulatory documents and scientific publications of the United States, European Union and Russia. Outlines the author’s understanding and classification of the term as applied to the Russian migration situation. Shows the scale and form of Chinese illegal migration in Russia, examines the factors that affect the actualization of this problem, which can be classified in two main groups: factors affecting the penetration of Chinese illegal immigrants in Russia, and the factors that attract the attention of Russian society to Chinese migration.Ambivalent results were made: on the one hand, Chinese migration, including its irregular component contributes to the solution of the problem of labor shortages in agriculture and construction, especially in the Far East and Eastern Siberia. On the other, Chinese illegal migrants to Russia, is а real problem, which to some extent has a negative impact on the economy and society of the Russian Federation. In addition, the article States that the Chinese migrants (including illegal) in some cases become victims themselves, and in Russian society continues to evolve xenophobia and negative attitudes towards migrants. The study is fixed and develops the idea that there are three major ways to combat illegal migration: 1) improving the legislative framework and the effectiveness of its enforcement, 2) international cooperation on a bilateral and multilateral basis and 3) the efficiency of law enforcement agencies in developing and carrying out special operatively-preventive events.

scholarly journals OIL PRICE VOLATILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURAL GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM AN OIL- DEPENDENT ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Sunday Osahon Igbinedion
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Oil Price Volatility ◽  
Error Correction Modeling

Since the discovery of crude oil in Nigeria in 1957, the Nigerian economy has remained a mono-product economy largely impacted by the effects of oil price volatility with its attendant adverse consequences on the nation’s revenue profile and infrastructural growth. Accordingly, this paper attempts to investigate the nexus between oil price volatility and infrastructural growth in Nigeria, utilizing cointegration and error correction modeling approach for the period 1981-2015. The data for this study were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2014 and 2016 editions. The results suggest that both oil price volatility and inflation rate tend to exert negative impact on infrastructural growth, while the appreciation of real exchange rate tend to trigger investment in infrastructure. Accordingly, we recommend, among others, the need to design and implement effective diversification policies with a view to raising the nation’s revenue trajectory, while strengthening local crude oil refining capacity so as to minimize the adverse consequences of such external shocks on the domestic economy.

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