scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Structural and Functional Effects on the Vascular Wall

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Zanetti ◽  
Andrea Grillo ◽  
Pasquale Losurdo ◽  
Emiliano Panizon ◽  
Filippo Mearelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wall Properties ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Increasing evidence demonstrating a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA on arterial wall properties is progressively emerging. We reviewed the recent available evidence for the cardiovascular effects of n-3 PUFA focusing on structural and functional properties of the vascular wall. In experimental studies and clinical trials n-3 PUFA have shown the ability to improve arterial hemodynamics by reducing arterial stiffness, thus explaining some of its cardioprotective properties. Recent studies suggest beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on endothelial activation, which are likely to improve vascular function. Several molecular, cellular, and physiological pathways influenced by n-3 PUFA can affect arterial wall properties and therefore interfere with the atherosclerotic process. Although the relative weight of different physiological and molecular mechanisms and the dose-response on arterial wall properties have yet to be determined, n-3 PUFA have the potential to beneficially impact arterial wall remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes by targeting arterial wall stiffening and endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Chemopreventive effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin in rats with bladder cancer

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 101042831769225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla E El-Ashmawy ◽  
Eman G Khedr ◽  
Hoda A El-Bahrawy ◽  
Samar M Al-Tantawy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Chemopreventive Effect ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Bladder cancer remains a huge concern for the medical community because of its incidence and prevalence rates, as well as high percentage of recurrence and progression. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin proved anti-inflammatory effects through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mechanism. However, their chemopreventive effect still remained to be examined and clarified. In this study, bladder cancer was induced in rats by the chemical carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid: 2:3 w/w; 1200 mg/kg) and/or atorvastatin (6 mg/kg) were given orally daily to rats for eight consecutive weeks concomitantly with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine and continued for further 4 weeks after cessation of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine administration. The histopathological examination of rat bladder revealed the presence of tumors and the absence of apoptotic bodies in sections from N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine group, while tumors were absent and apoptotic bodies were clearly observed in sections from rat groups treated with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, atorvastatin, or both drugs. The study of the molecular mechanisms illustrated downregulation of COX-2 and P53 (mutant) genes and suppression of transforming growth factor beta-1 and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in serum of rats of the three treated groups. This chemopreventive effect was confirmed by and associated with lower level of bladder tumor antigen in urine. However, the combined treatment with both drugs exhibited the major protective effect and nearly corrected the dyslipidemia that has been induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. Collectively, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atorvastatin, besides having anti-inflammatory properties, proved a chemopreventive effect against bladder cancer, which nominates them to be used as adjuvant therapy with other chemotherapeutics.

Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on endothelial function, arterial wall properties, inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in smokers: A cross over study

2013 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Dimitris Tousoulis ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Marina Zaromitidou ◽  
Aleksis Verveniotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wall Properties

scholarly journals Effect of Dietaryω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid DHA on Glycolytic Enzymes and Warburg Phenotypes in Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Manzi ◽  
Lara Costantini ◽  
Romina Molinari ◽  
Nicolò Merendino
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Omega 3

The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are a class of lipids that has been shown to have beneficial effects on some chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Amongω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has received particular attention for its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenetic, anti-invasion, and antimetastatic properties, even though the involved molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Recently, somein vitrostudies showed that DHA promotes the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes and the Warburg phenotype. For example, it was shown that in breast cancer cell lines the modulation of bioenergetic functions is due to the capacity of DHA to activate the AMPK signalling and negatively regulate the HIF-1αfunctions. Taking into account these considerations, this review is focused on current knowledge concerning the role of DHA in interfering with cancer cell metabolism; this could be considered a further mechanism by which DHA inhibits cancer cell survival and progression.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the association between short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes among healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Siqi Zhang ◽  
Wan Shen ◽  
Claudia Salazar ◽  
Alexandra Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Background Short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is associated with adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has shown protection against exposure to fine particulate matter. This study aims to investigate whether habitual omega-3 PUFA intake differentially modify the associations between respiratory and cardiovascular responses and short-term exposure to ambient NO2. Methods Sixty-two healthy participants were enrolled into low or high omega-3 groups based on their habitual omega-3 PUFA intake. Each participant was repeatedly assessed for lung function, blood lipids, markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis, vascular function, and heart rate variability (HRV) in up to five sessions, each separated by at least 7 days. This study was carried out in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA between October 2016 and September 2019. Daily ambient NO2 concentrations were obtained from an area air quality monitoring station on the day of outcome assessment (Lag0), 4 days prior (Lag1-4), as well as 5-day moving average (5dMA). The associations between short-term exposure to NO2 and the measured indices were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models stratified by omega-3 levels and adjusted by covariates including relative humidity and temperature. Results The average concentration of ambient NO2 during the study periods was 5.3±3.8 ppb which was below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). In the high omega-3 group, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in short-term NO2 concentrations was significantly associated with increased lung function [e.g. 1.2% (95%CI: 0.2%, 2.2%) in FVC at lag1, 2.6% (95%CI: 0.4%, 4.8%) in FEV1 at 5dMA], decreased blood lipids [e.g. -2.6% (95%CI: -4.4%, -0.9%) in total cholesterol at lag2, -3.1% (95%CI: -6.1%, 0.0%) in HDL at 5dMA, and -3.1% (95%CI: -5.5%, -0.7%) in LDL at lag2], improved vascular function [e.g. 8.9% (95%CI: 0.6%, 17.2%) increase in FMD and 43.1% (95%CI: -79.8%, -6.3%) decrease in endothelin-1 at 5dMA], and changed HRV parameters [e.g. -7.2% (95%CI: -13.6%, -0.8%) in HFn and 13.4% (95%CI: 0.2%, 28.3%) in LF/HF ratio at lag3]. In the low omega-3 group, an IQR increase in ambient NO2 was associated with elevations in coagulation markers (von Willebrand Factor, D-dimer) and a decrease in HRV (very-low frequency); however, null associations were observed between short-term NO2 exposure and changes in lung function, blood lipids, and vascular function. Conclusions The results in this study imply that dietary omega-3 PUFA consumption may offer respiratory and vascular benefits in response to short-term exposure of healthy adults to NO2 levels below the NAAQS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02921048).

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake to RegulateHelicobacter pylori-Associated Gastric Diseases as Nonantimicrobial Dietary Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Min Park ◽  
Migyeong Jeong ◽  
Eun-Hee Kim ◽  
Young-Min Han ◽  
Sung Hun Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
H Pylori

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), commonly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been acknowledged as essential long-chain fatty acids imposing either optimal health promotion or the rescuing from chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, fatty liver, and various inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. Recent studies dealing with EPA and DHA have sparked highest interests because detailed molecular mechanisms had been documented with the identification of its receptor, G protein coupled receptor, and GPR120. In this review article, we have described clear evidences showing that n-3 PUFAs could reduce variousHelicobacter pylori- (H. pylori-) associated gastric diseases and extended to play even cancer preventive outcomes includingH. pylori-associated gastric cancer by influencing multiple targets, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Since our previous studies strongly concluded that nonantimicrobial dietary approach for reducing inflammation, for instance, application of phytoceuticals, probiotics, natural products including Korean red ginseng, and walnut plentiful of n-3 PUFAs, might be prerequisite step for preventingH. pylori-associated gastric cancer as well as facilitating the rejuvenation of precancerous atrophic gastritis, these beneficial lipids can restore or modify inflammation-associated lipid distortion and correction of altered lipid rafts to send right signaling to maintain healthy stomach even after chronicH. pyloriinfection.

scholarly journals Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids administration on vascular function, inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in adults with metabolic syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P4296-P4296
Author(s):  
A. Plastiras ◽  
G. Siasos ◽  
D. Tousoulis ◽  
E. Oikonomou ◽  
A. Verveniotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Gestational Diabetes: Consequences in Macrosomia and Adulthood Obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akadiri Yessoufou ◽  
Magloire P. Nekoua ◽  
Adam Gbankoto ◽  
Yohana Mashalla ◽  
Kabirou Moutairou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are increasingly being used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes and obesity. In this paper, we report data on the observed effects of omega-3 PUFA on major metabolic disorders and immune system disruption during gestational diabetes and their consequences on macrosomia. While controversies still exist about omega-3 PUFA effects on antioxidant status regarding the level of omega-3 PUFA in diet supplementation, their lipid-lowering effects are unanimously recognized by researchers. Animal studies have shown that omega-3 PUFA contributes to the maintenance of the immune defense system by promoting the differentiation of T helper (Th) cell to a Th2 phenotype in diabetic pregnancy and by shifting the Th1/Th2 ratio from a deleterious proinflammatory Th1 phenotype to a protective anti-inflammatory Th2 phenotype in macrosomia and in adulthood obesity that results from macrosomia at birth. Based on the available evidence, international nutritional and food agencies recommend administration of omega-3 PUFA as triglyceride-lowering agents, for the prevention of cardiovascular disease risk and during human pregnancy and lactation. Furthermore, studies targeting humans are still required to explore application of the fatty acids as supplement in the management of gestational diabetes and inflammatory and immune diseases.

scholarly journals The Influences of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Development of Skin Cancers

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Yoko Minokawa ◽  
Yu Sawada ◽  
Motonobu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Skin Cancers

Dietary nutrition intake is essential for human beings and influences various physiological and pathological actions in the human body. Among various nutritional factors, dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been shown to have various beneficial effects against inflammatory diseases. In addition to their therapeutic potency against inflammation, omega-3 PUFAs have also been shown to have anti-tumor effects via various mechanisms, such as cell arrest and apoptosis. To date, limited information is available on these effects in cutaneous malignancies. In this review, we focused on the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on skin cancers, especially malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma and discussed the detailed molecular mechanism of the omega-3 PUFA-mediated anti-tumor response. We also explored the molecular mechanisms mediated by epigenetic modifications, cell adhesion molecules, and anti-tumor immune responses.

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