scholarly journals Erythropoietin Exacerbates Inflammation and Increases the Mortality ofHistoplasma capsulatum-Infected Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Aparecida Locachevic ◽  
Priscilla Aparecida Tartari Pereira ◽  
Adriana Secatto ◽  
Caroline Fontanari ◽  
Alyne Fávero Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Animal Survival ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a key hormone involved in red blood cell formation, but its effects on nonerythroid cells, such as macrophages, have not been described. Macrophages are key cells in controlling histoplasmosis, a fungal infection caused byHistoplasma capsulatum(Hc). Considering that little is known about EPO’s role during fungal infections and its capacity to activate macrophages, in this study we investigated the impact of EPO pretreatment on the alveolar immune response duringHcinfection. The consequence of EPO pretreatment on fungal infection was determined by evaluating animal survival, fungal burden, activation of bronchoalveolar macrophages, inflammatory mediator release, and lung inflammation. Pretreatment with EPO diminished mononuclear cell numbers, increased the recruitment of F4/80+/CD80+and F4/80+/CD86+cells to the bronchoalveolar space, induced higher production of IFN-γ, IL-6, MIP-1α, MCP-1, and LTB4, reduced PGE2concentration, and did not affect fungal burden. As a consequence, we observed an increase in lung inflammation with extensive tissue damage that might account for augmented mouse mortality after infection. Our results demonstrate for the first time that EPO treatment has a deleterious impact on lung immune responses during fungal infection.

scholarly journals Vaccine-Induced Cellular Immune Responses Differ from Innate Responses in Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Mice Infected with Coccidioides posadasii

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 5553-5564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa F. Shubitz ◽  
Sharon M. Dial ◽  
Robert Perrill ◽  
Rachael Casement ◽  
John N. Galgiani
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Coccidioides Posadasii ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Lymphocyte Response ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltrates ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Susceptibility to Coccidioides spp. varies widely in humans and other mammals and also among individuals within a species. Among strains of mice with various susceptibilities, immunohistopathology revealed that C57BL/6 mice were highly susceptible to the disease following intranasal infection, DBA/2n mice were intermediate, and Swiss-Webster mice were innately resistant. Resistant Swiss-Webster mice developed prominent perivascular/peribronchiolar lymphocytic cuffing and well-formed granulomas with few fungal elements and debris in the necrotic center, surrounded by a mantle of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibrocytes. Susceptible C57BL/6 mice became moribund between 14 and 18 days postinfection, with overwhelming numbers of neutrophils and spherules and very few T cells, the drastic reduction of which was associated with failure and death, while intermediate DBA/2n mice controlled the fungal burden but demonstrated progressive lung inflammation with prominent suppuration, and they deteriorated clinically. Vaccinated C57BL/6 mice had an early and robust lymphocyte response, which included significantly higher Mac2+, CD3+, and CD4+ cell scores on day 18 than those of innately resistant SW mice and DBA/2n mice; they also had prominent perivascular/peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrates not present in their unvaccinated counterparts, and they appeared to be resolving lesions by day 56 compared to the other two strains, based on significantly lower disease scores and observably smaller and fewer lesions with few spherules and neutrophils.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A, S or F mother’s dermal impregnation impairs offspring immune responses in a dose and sex-specific manner in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Malaisé ◽  
Corinne Lencina ◽  
Christel Cartier ◽  
Maïwenn Olier ◽  
Sandrine Ménard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Perinatal Exposure ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Structural Analogues ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractBisphenol (BP)A is an endocrine disruptor (ED) widely used in thermal papers. Regulatory restrictions have been established to prevent risks for human health, leading to BPA substitution by structural analogues, like BPS and BPF. We previously demonstrated that oral perinatal exposure to BPA had long-term consequences on immune responses later in life. It appears now essential to enhance our understanding on immune impact of different routes of BP exposure. In this study, we aimed at comparing the impact of mother dermal exposure to BPs on offspring immune system at adulthood. Gravid mice were dermally exposed to BPA, BPS or BPF at 5 or 50 μg/kg of body weight (BW)/day (d) from gestation day 15 to weaning of pups at post-natal day (PND)21. In offspring, BPs dermal impregnation of mothers led to adverse effects on immune response at intestinal and systemic levels that was dependent on the BP, the dose and offspring sex. These findings provide, for the first time, results on long-term consequences of dermal perinatal BPs exposure on immune responses in offspring. This work warns that it is mandatory to consider immune markers, dose exposure as well as sex in risk assessment associated with new BPA’s alternatives.

scholarly journals Complex and Controversial Roles of Eicosanoids in Fungal Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Susana Ruiz Mendoza ◽  
Daniel Zamith-Miranda ◽  
Tamás Takács ◽  
Attila Gacser ◽  
Joshua D. Nosanchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fungal Pathogenesis ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Host Mortality

The prevalence of fungal infections has increased in immunocompromised patients, leading to millions of deaths annually. Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, such as eicosanoids, play important roles in regulating innate and adaptative immune function, particularly since they can function as virulence factors enhancing fungal colonization and are produced by mammalian and lower eukaryotes, such as yeasts and other fungi (Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans). C. albicans produces prostaglandins (PG), Leukotrienes (LT) and Resolvins (Rvs), whereas the first two have been well documented in Cryptococcus sp. and H. capsulatum. In this review, we cover the eicosanoids produced by the host and fungi during fungal infections. These fungal-derived PGs have immunomodulatory functions analogous to their mammalian counterparts. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protects C. albicans and C. parapsilosis cells from the phagocytic and killing activity of macrophages. H. capsulatum PGs augment the fungal burden and host mortality rates in histoplasmosis. However, PGD2 potentiates the effects and production of LTB4, which is a very potent neutrophil chemoattractant that enhances host responses. Altogether, these data suggest that eicosanoids, mainly PGE2, may serve as a new potential target to combat diverse fungal infections.

scholarly journals Invasive Fungal Infections in Canada from 1992 to 1994

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Nicolle ◽  
C Rotstein ◽  
AM Bourgault ◽  
G St-Germain ◽  
G Garber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infection ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Surveillance ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Major Pathogens

PURPOSE: To describe the frequency, characteristics and impact of invasive fungal infection in Canada.METHODS: Nominal case reporting with standardized data collection from selected sites across Canada. Cases were found primarily through laboratory review with supplementation by record review and clinical surveillance at some sites.RESULTS: The frequency of invasive fungal infection varied from 3.54 to 6.64/100,000 population per year.Candidaspecies were responsible for 66% of all reports; 80% of candidal infections were bloodstream isolates.Crytococcus neoformans,Aspergillusspecies andHistoplasma capsulatumeach accounted for 5% to 10% of cases, and all other organisms less than 5% each. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was an important comorbidity for cryptococcus and histoplasma infections, and was associated with increased mortality for only histoplasma infections. Geographical variation of histoplasma, blastomyces and coccidioidomyces infection was confirmed. Case fatality was high for all invasive fungal infections, except coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis and sporotrichosis.CONCLUSIONS:Candidaspecies infections are the major pathogens in invasive fungal infections in Canada; all other species occur relatively infrequently. The potential for therapeutic intervention to limit mortality requires further assessment.

scholarly journals Karakteristik penyakit kulit pada anak di poliklinik kulit dan kelamin RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode 2016-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Gustia ◽  
Satya Wydya Yenny ◽  
Sigya Octari
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Impact

Abstrak. Latar belakang : Penyakit kulit menyebabkan morbiditas yang tinggi, termasuk pada anak. Prevalensi dermatosis pada anak berkisar 34-87,7% dengan pola yang sangat bervariasi dan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Dampak penyakit kulit ini dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup anak.Metode : Penelitian retrospektif deskriptif  dengan  mengambil data dari rekam medis pasien anak dengan umur 1-18 tahun yang berobat ke Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP.Dr. M. Djamil Padang pada periode Januari 2016– Desember 2018. Hasil : Selama 3 tahun didapatkan 277 pasien baru, perempuan 123 (44,4%) dan laki - laki 154 (55,6%). Berdasarkan kelompok  penyakit yang terbanyak adalah dermatitis  (29, 9%), diikuti oleh infeksi jamur (16,9%), infestasi parasit (13, 4%),  infeksi virus (13, 3%), dan infeksi bakteri (6,9%).Kesimpulan:  Penyakit kulit terbanyak terjadi pada anak laki – laki. Infeksi jamur merupakan penyakit kulit paling sering, diikuti oleh infestasi parasit. Infeksi jamur yang sering terjadi adalah pitiriasis versikolor, sedangkan infestasi parasit yang paling sering adalah skabies.              Kata kunci: karakteristik penyakit kulit, anak, penelitian retrospektif Abstrack. Background: Skin disease causes high morbidity, including in children. The prevalence of dermatosis in children ranges from 34 to 87.7% with a pattern that is varied and influenced by many factors. The impact of this skin disease can affect the quality of life of childrenMethod : A descriptive retrospective, which is taking data from the medical records of patients aged 1 - 18 years who seek treatment at Dermatology and Venereology outpatient clinic at RSUP. M. Djamil Padang in the period January 2016 - December 2018.Result : During 3 years,there were 277 new patient which consist of 123 boy  (44.4%) and 154 girl (55.6%). Based on the group of diseases, dermatitis were the most common  disease (29,9%), followed by fungal infection (16.9%), parasit infestations (13,4%), viral infection (13,3%) and bacterial infection (6,9%). Conclusion : Most skin diseases occur in boys. Fungal infections were the most common skin diseases, followed by parasit infestations. The most common fungal infection is pityriasis versicolor, while the most frequent parasit infestation is scabies.Keywords:characterization of skin diseases, children, retrospective study

Relationship between big five personality model and abusive supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Tahira ◽  
Naveed Saif ◽  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Sadaqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supervisor Behavior ◽  
Moderating Role

The current study tries to understand the diverse nature of relationship between personality Big Five Model (PBFM) and student's perception of abusive supervision in higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was collected in dyads i.e. (supervisors were asked to rate their personality attributes while student were asked to rate the supervisor behavior) through adopted construct. For this purpose, data was collected from three government state universities and one Private Sector University. The focus was on MS/M.Phill and PhD student and their supervisors of the mentioned universities. After measuring normality and validity regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of supervisor personality characteristics that leads to abusive supervision. Findings indicate interestingly that except agreeableness other four attributes of (PBFM) are play their role for abusive supervision. The results are novel in the nature as for the first time Neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness are held responsible for the abusive supervision. The study did not explore the demographic characteristics, and moderating role of organizational culture, justice and interpersonal deviances to understand the strength of relationship in more detail way. Keywords: Personality big five model, abusive supervision, HEIs

The Influence of TRIPS Compliant Patent Laws on Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Rastogi ◽  
Virendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Uruguay Round ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Patent Laws ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

The first legislation in India relating to patents was the Act VI of 1856. The Indian Patents and Design Act, 1911 (Act II of 1911) replaced all the previous Acts. The Act brought patent administration under the management of Controller of Patents for the first time. After Independence, it was felt that the Indian Patents & Designs Act, 1911 was not fulfilling its objective. Various comities were constituted to recommend, framing a patent law which can fulfill the requirement of Indian Industry and people. The Indian Patent Act of 1970 was enacted to achieve the above objectives. The major provisions of the act, provided for process, not the product patents in food, medicines, chemicals with a term of 14 years and 5-7 for chemicals and drugs. The Act enabled Indian citizens to access cheapest medicines in the world and paved a way for exponential growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. TRIPS agreement, which is one of the important results of the Uruguay Round, mandated strong patent protection, especially for pharmaceutical products, thereby allowing the patenting of NCEs, compounds and processes. India is thereby required to meet the minimum standards under the TRIPS Agreement in relation to patents and the pharmaceutical industry. India’s patent legislation must now include provisions for availability of patents for both pharmaceutical products and processes inventions. The present paper examines the impact of change in Indian Patent law on Pharmaceutical Industry.

The impact of traditional plants and their secondary metabolites in the discovery of COVID-19 treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Bibi ◽  
Ayesha Sarfraz ◽  
Ghazala Mustafa ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Aurang Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Test System ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
System Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Sources

Background: Coronavirus Disease-2019 belongs to the family of viruses which cause a serious pneumonia along with fever, breathing issues and infection of lungs for the first time in China and later spread worldwide. Objective: Several studies and clinical trials have been conducted to identify potential drugs and vaccines for Coronavirus Disease-2019. The present study listed natural secondary metabolites identified from plant sources with antiviral properties and could be safer and tolerable treatment for Coronavirus Disease-2019. Methods: A comprehensive search on the reported studies was conducted using different search engine such as Google scholar, SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Medline PubMed, and Scopus for the collection of research articles based on plantderived secondary metabolites, herbal extracts, and traditional medicine for coronavirus infections. Results: Status of COVID-19 worldwide and information of important molecular targets involved in COVID-19 is described and through literature search, is highlighted that numerous plant species and their extracts possess antiviral properties and studied with respect to Coronavirus treatments. Chemical information, plant source, test system type with mechanism of action for each secondary metabolite is also mentioned in this review paper. Conclusion: The present review has listed plants that have presented antiviral potential in the previous coronavirus pandemics and their secondary metabolites which could be significant for the development of novel and a safer drug which could prevent and cure coronavirus infection worldwide.

Individual and Combined Assessment of Ser680Asn FSH Receptor and FSHβ -211 G>T Gene Polymorphisms in Ovarian Response in IVF/ICSI Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elli Anagnostou ◽  
Alexia Kafkoutsou ◽  
Despina Mavrogianni ◽  
Ekaterini Domali ◽  
Evangelia Dimitroulia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Background: Molecular biology tools, such as the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been considered to assist to the management of the ovarian stimulation protocols. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of two polymorphisms, the Asn680Ser polymorphism of the FSHR gene, and the FSH β subunit (FSHβ) gene polymorphism -211 G>T, in a Greek population of women undergoing IVF/ICSI program in our center. In addition, a control group of fertile women was studied, to verify whether there are differences in the genotype distribution between fertile and infertile population for both polymorphisms, as the FSHβ gene polymorphism -211 G>T is studied for the first time in the Greek population. Results : The FSH β-211 G>T polymorphism, studied for the first time in the Greek infertile population, appears to be quite rare. When studying the two polymorphisms separately, statistically significant differences were obtained that concerned the LH levels. Discussion: According to the combination analysis of the two polymorphisms by the number of alleles, women with 2-3 polymorphic alleles needed more days of stimulation, but there were no differences in pregnancy rates. Conclusion: This molecular genetic study helps to elucidate whether the polygenic combination of the Asn680Ser and FSH β subunit -211 G>T gene polymorphisms is of additive value in the prediction of ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins.

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