scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of South African Cashew Apple Juice as a Biofuel Feedstock

Scientifica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evanie Devi Deenanath ◽  
Karl Rumbold ◽  
Michael Daramola ◽  
Rosemary Falcon ◽  
Sunny Iyuke
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
South African ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cashew Apple Juice ◽  
Cashew Apple ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Cashew apple juice (CAJ) is one of the feedstocks used for biofuel production and ethanol yield depends on the physical and chemical properties of the extracted juice. As far as can be ascertained, information on physical and chemical properties of South African cashew apple juice is limited in open literature. Therefore, this study provides information on the physical and chemical properties of the South African cashew apple juice. Physicochemical characteristics of the juice, such as specific gravity, pH, sugars, condensed tannins, Vitamin C, minerals, and total protein, were measured from a mixed variety of cashew apples. Analytical results showed the CAJ possesses specific gravity and pH of 1.050 and 4.52, respectively. The highest sugars were glucose (40.56 gL−1) and fructose (57.06 gL−1). Other chemical compositions of the juice were condensed tannin (55.34 mgL−1), Vitamin C (112 mg/100 mL), and total protein (1.78 gL−1). The minerals content was as follows: zinc (1.39 ppm), copper (2.18 ppm), magnesium (4.32 ppm), iron (1.32 ppm), sodium (5.44 ppm), and manganese (1.24 ppm). With these findings, South African CAJ is a suitable biomass feedstock for ethanol production.

scholarly journals Quality Attributes of Malaysia Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato at Different Peel Condition

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Nurfarhana Shaari ◽  
Rosnah Shamsudin ◽  
Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor ◽  
Norhashila Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In this study, physical and chemical properties (dry matter, ash, moisture, protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrate, starch, amylose, and vitamin C) of sweet potato tuber and flour of Anggun 1 cultivar were evaluated at different conditions. During peeling, the tuber and flour were processed subjected to three different conditions, which were unpeeled tubers (C1), peeled tubers (C2), and skin of tuber only (C3). From the results, the highest (p < 0.05) dry matter was observed in C1 while higher contents of ash, moisture, and protein were found in C3. Regarding the fat and vitamin C content, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between each condition. The highest fiber, carbohydrate, and amylose content (p < 0.05) were found in C1. The C1 and C2 reflected significantly higher (p < 0.05) starch content. Overall, these results provide important information about the peeling effect on the physical and chemical properties of Anggun 1. The information could be used as adding value to healthy food in the Malaysian diet due to the nutritional value of sweet potato.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TANNASE ON CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CASHEW APPLE JUICE (Anacardium occidentale Linn)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Yunita Arian Sari Anwar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Cashew Apple Juice ◽  
Cashew Apple

<p>We previously produced tannase from <em>Aspergillus niger</em> using solid state medium. In the present study the enzyme used cashew apple juice. The aim this research was to know effect of tannase on chemical parameters of cashew apple juice. The concentration of tannase used was 0%; 0.02%; 0.04%; 0.06%; 0.08% and 0.1% (v/v). The chemical properties of the juice produced by enzymatic method were compared with the juiced produced through high temperature treatment (100<sup>o</sup>C).  This research showed that the addition of 0.1% of tannase enzyme provide the best product according to the lower content of tannins than the content of tannins in the juice produced with high temperature treatment. The tannase treatment did not change the vitamin C content, content of protein and pH. Meanwhile, high temperature treatment decreased the content of vitamin C and protein.</p>

EFFECT OF TANNASE ON CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CASHEW APPLE JUICE (Anacardium occidentale Linn)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunita Arian Sari Anwar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Cashew Apple Juice ◽  
Cashew Apple

<p>We previously produced tannase from <em>Aspergillus niger</em> using solid state medium. In the present study the enzyme used cashew apple juice. The aim this research was to know effect of tannase on chemical parameters of cashew apple juice. The concentration of tannase used was 0%; 0.02%; 0.04%; 0.06%; 0.08% and 0.1% (v/v). The chemical properties of the juice produced by enzymatic method were compared with the juiced produced through high temperature treatment (100<sup>o</sup>C).  This research showed that the addition of 0.1% of tannase enzyme provide the best product according to the lower content of tannins than the content of tannins in the juice produced with high temperature treatment. The tannase treatment did not change the vitamin C content, content of protein and pH. Meanwhile, high temperature treatment decreased the content of vitamin C and protein.</p>

scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF CHARCOAL PRODUCED FROM REACTION WOOD IN TREES INCLINED DUE TO WIND1

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽  
Matheus Perdigão de Castro Freitas Pereira ◽  
Deborah Nava Soratto ◽  
Ana Carolina Boa ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Holocellulose Content ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACT Inclined trees produce reaction wood, whose properties are distinct from normal wood. This situation can affect the production of charcoal. This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of charcoal derived from reaction wood in trees of a commercial plantation inclined due to the action of wind. We used six year old wood from a Eucalyptus grandis xEucalyptus urophylla hybrid from plantations located in Minas Gerais. The physical and chemical properties of the wood were determined as well as the gravimetric yield and charcoal properties. According to the results, there were significant differences between the properties of the reaction and normal wood, with the reaction wood having lower levels of lignin and extractives, greater holocellulose content and low specific gravity. However, these characteristics of reaction wood did not significantly affect the properties of its charcoal.

Karakterisasi Sifat Fisik Kimia Biodiesel dari Transesterifikasi Enzimatis dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Emisi Gas Buang

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Ageng Priatni ◽  
Yuni Adiningsih ◽  
Fitriani Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The background of this research is to use of fuel with natural resources and renewable plant-based that can reduce air pollution. This research conducted in order to determine the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel from palm oil and the effect on exhaust gas emission in diesel engines. Biodisel producted by enzymatic transesterification between  methanol and crude palm oil by pseudomonas fluorescens lipase as a catalyst. It’s characterized then blended with petroleum diesel with biodiesel volume ratio 10%:90% petroleum diesel (B10), biodiesel 20%:80%, petroleum diesel (B20) and biodiesel 30%:70%, petroleum diesel (B30) with diesel oil as a comparison (B0 ) is then applied and tested on a diesel engine exhaust gas emissions (SO2,NOX,CO,total particulate matter and opacity). The characterization of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel as follows: specific gravity 0.9068, kinematic viscosity 28.26 mm2/s, 50.5°C flash point , cluod point 18°C, the water content of 0.8% vol, residue carbone 0.941% wt and calorific value 9372.8 Cal/lb. Fuel mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel (B30) leads to a decrease in exhaust emissions of CO by 96.88 % , 18.35% of the total particles and B20 causes a decrease in SO2 emissions by 100 % of petroleum diesel. While a mixture of biodiesel and petroleum diesel (B30) leads to increase in NO2 emissions by 265.96% and did not give any influence on the opacityABSTRAKLatar belakang penelitian ini adalah penggunaan bahan bakar dengan sumber daya alam nabati yang dapat terbarukan (renewable) dan pengurangan pencemaran udara. Sedangkan tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sifat fisik kimia biodiesel dari CPO dan pengaruhnya terhadap penurunan emisi gas buang pada mesin diesel. Biodiesel diperoleh dengan transesterifikasi enzimatis antara CPO dan Methanol dengan enzim lipase Pseudomonas Fluorescens sebagai katalis. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi dan kemudian dicampur dengan minyak solar dengan perbandingan volume biodiesel 10%: minyak solar 90% (B10), biodiesel 20%:minyak solar 80% (B20) dan biodiesel 30% : minyak solar 70% (B30) dengan minyak solar sebagai pembanding (B00). Aplikasi dilakukan pada mesin diesel dan diuji emisi gas buangnya (SO2, NOX, CO, Total partikel dan Opasitas). Karakterisasi sifat fisik kimia dari biodiesel sebagai berikut : specific gravity 0,9068, kekentalan kinematik 28,26 mm2/s, titik nyala 50,5°C, cluod point 18°C,  Kadar air 0,8%vol, residu karbone 0,941% wt dan calorific value 9372,8 Cal/gr. Bahan bakar campuran antara biodiesel dan minyak solar (B30) menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan emisi gas buang CO sebesar 96,88%, total partikel sebesar 18,35% dan B20 menyebabkan penurunan emisi gas SO2 sebesar 100% dari minyak solar. Campuran antara biodiesel dan minyak solar (B30) menyebabkan terjadinya kenaikan emisi gas NO2 sebesar 265,96% serta tidak memberikan pengaruh apa-apa terhadap opasitas.Kata Kunci : Biodiesel, CPO, Emisi gas Buang, Enzimatis, Mesin Diesel 

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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