scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Concentrations in Drinking Water in Villages along the Huai River in China and Their Association with High Cancer Incidence in Local Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
En chun Pan ◽  
Hong Sun ◽  
Qiu jin Xu ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Lin fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Huai River ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Assessment Approach

This study aims to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of PAHs in the drinking water of counties along the Huai River in China and study their associations with high cancer incidence in local population. We investigated 20 villages with high cancer incidence rates as the risk group and 20 villages with low rates as the control group. Water samples from each village were collected in the winter and summer seasons to analyze the concentrations of 16 PAHs. The carcinogenic risks of the PAHs were calculated for each village using a health risk assessment approach. Results showed that PAHs concentrations in 27.2% of the water samples were higher than the allowable values in China. However, no significant difference in water PAHs concentrations was observed between the risk and control groups (P>0.05), and no correlation was found between water PAHs concentrations and cancer incidence in these villages. The average upper bound carcinogenic risks were less than1×10-4in both groups. In conclusion, PAHs were present in the drinking water of the studied villages, but their carcinogenic risks remained within acceptable limits. PAHs in local drinking water might not be the major environmental cause of the high cancer incidences.

scholarly journals The difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste and without toothpaste

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Setiawan ◽  
Edeh Rolleta Haroen ◽  
Dede Hadidjah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

In administering fluoride through drinking water there is the risk of overdose, higher cost and inadequate availability of drinking water containing fluoride in developing countries like Indonesia. A safe fluoride source is contained in toothpaste. The purpose of this research was to obtain data concerning difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste. The research method used was the quasi-experimental method. Samples were collected by the way of purposive sampling, conducted on 43 male and female research subjects. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis using the t test at 95% confidence level. In this research a control group consisting of 43 people was used. Research results indicated that the average saliva pH before brushing was 7.174; after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste salivary pH was 7.593. Result research of brushing without toothpaste showed an average saliva of 7.163 before brushing and 7.379 after brushing without toothpaste. The average changes in saliva pH before and after brushing using fluoride containing toothpaste was 0.216. The conclusion of this research was that there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride; there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing without toothpaste, and there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus in Drinking Water Sources in Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (23) ◽  
pp. 7413-7418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Haramoto ◽  
Masaaki Kitajima ◽  
Naohiro Kishida ◽  
Yoshiaki Konno ◽  
Hiroyuki Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACTPepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a plant virus that has been recently proposed as a potential indicator of human fecal contamination of environmental waters; however, information on its geographical occurrence in surface water is still limited. We aimed to determine the seasonal and geographic occurrence of PMMoV in drinking water sources all over Japan. Between July 2008 and February 2011, 184 source water samples were collected from 30 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs); viruses from 1 to 2 liters of each sample were concentrated by using an electronegative membrane, followed by RNA extraction and reverse transcription. Using quantitative PCR, PMMoV was detected in 140 (76%) samples, with a concentration ranging from 2.03 × 103to 2.90 × 106copies/liter. At least one of the samples from 27 DWTPs (n= 4 or 8) was positive for PMMoV; samples from 10 of these DWTPs were always contaminated. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of PMMoV among geographical regions but not a seasonal difference. PMMoV was frequently detected in samples that were negative for human enteric virus orEscherichia coli. A phylogenetic analysis based on the partial nucleotide sequences of the PMMoV coat protein gene in 12 water samples from 9 DWTPs indicated that there are genetically diverse PMMoV strains present in drinking water sources in Japan. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the occurrence of PMMoV in environmental waters across wide geographical regions.

Cancer Frequency in Retrosternal Goiter

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1390-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuri A. Sahbaz ◽  
Firat Tutal ◽  
Nihat Aksakal ◽  
Sami Acar ◽  
Kadir I. Aksu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retrosternal Goiter ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
Group 2

Retrosternal goiter prevalence is 5 to 40 per cent according to classifications in goiter series. Goiters with mediastinal extension were reported to be related with higher cancer rates. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether cancer incidence increased in retrosternal goiters compared with the cervical ones. Three hundred and ninety consecutive patients, who had surgery because of retrosternal goiter in Istanbul University Medical Faculty Department of General Surgery between 2005 and 2015 were included in the study (Group 1). Control group included 880 patients who had surgery because of nontoxic multinodular goiter in the same period (Group 2). Preoperative ultrasonography (USG) was performed to each patient. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in suspicious nodules and results were recorded. Carcinomas in histopathological examination were classified as intrathorasic and extrathorasic. Diagnostic rates of USG results were compared with histopathologic cancer results. Papillary carcinoma was diagnosed in 76 patients with retrosternal goiter (19%) and in 200 patients in the control group (22%). No statistically significant difference was detected between groups regarding the tumor rates (P > 0.05). One hundred and forty-four tumoral foci were detected in 76 patients with papillary carcinoma in retrosternal goiter patients. Three hundred and seventy tumoral foci were detected in 200 patients with papillary carcinoma in the control group. In the retrosternal goiter group, 104 carcinoma lesions of 144 papillary carcinomas were intrathorasic (72%). No statistically significant difference was detected between intrathorasic (2.1 ± 1 cm) and extrathorasic regiones (1.9 ± 0.8 cm) regarding the tumor size P > 0.05. When patients with and without cancer in the retrosternal goiter group were compared regarding familial thyroid cancer history, radiation to the neck, and cervical adenopathy, no statistically significant difference was detected. Cancer incidence of retrosternal goiters was not higher than that of the cervical ones. Yet, cancer foci of retrosternal goiters were commonly located in the intrathorasic area and were not detected with USG. Depending on these findings, we suggest that all retrosternal goiters should be surgically treated.

scholarly journals Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Kornkamon Hanchai ◽  
Tassanee Trairatapiwan ◽  
Rachakris Lertpatarakomol
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Wood vinegar is a product generated from the combustion and distillation of wood and other plant materials. It has been shown to suppress bacteria, resulting in healthier livestock and increased yields. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbial of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The study consisted of three treatments containing four replicates, with 10 birds in each. Treatments were given 0.5% and 1.0% (V/V) wood vinegar supplemented in drinking water, while no supplementation was given to the control group. The animals were raised in an open-house system. All groups were provided with a commercial diet and drinking water ad libitum. Analysis of variance was conducted using the general linear model procedure to compare the levels of wood vinegar supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and water consumption between groups during the starter (1-21 days old), grower (22-35 days old), and whole (1-35 days old) growth periods. Moreover, no significant differences in villi height and crypt depth (p>0.05) at 21 and 35 days of age were found. In addition, no significant difference in terms of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli was found between the different treatments. Conclusion: Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.

scholarly journals Profiling of seasonal variation in and cancer risk assessment of benzo (a) pyrene and heavy metals in drinking water from Kirkuk city, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awaz Bahrooz Mohammed ◽  
Siraj Muhammed Goran ◽  
Abhrajyoti Tarafdar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Adults And Children

Abstract The Lesser Zap River is the main tributary of the Tigris and is used as a main source of drinking water in Kirkuk city through the General Kirkuk project. Water samples at 13 sites were analyzed for heavy metals (cobalt, lead, manganese, copper) and benzo(a)pyrene using 2 methods of analysis (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits). Risk evaluation for benzo(a)pyrene and lead in water samples was accomplished by Monte Carlo simulation. The highest concentrations of B(a)P were recorded at sites S7 and S5, with levels of 0.192 and 0.122 µg L− 1 detected by HPLC and ELISA, respectively. The WHO guidelines for benzo[a]pyrene in drinking water recommend 0.0007 mg L (0.7 µg. L− 1), and none of the samples surpassed this level; moreover, B(a)P levels exceeded EPA standards in 2014 (0.01 ppb), particularly when the liquid-liquid extraction method with HPLC was used. Carcinogenic risks for human adults and children exist and are highest during the rainy season as compared with the carcinogenic risk during the dry season; risks for children exceed those of adults. This indicates that the 2nd round of sampling (winter season) harbors more carcinogenic risk than the 1st round of sampling (dry season).

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE AT DMCH, LAHERIASARAI, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Megha Jha ◽  
Hari Shankar Mishra ◽  
Ajit Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Hematological parameters are major indicator of ischemic stroke. Hematological parameters and stroke incidence have not been investigated in local population. Objective: The present study was designed to assess whether hematological parameters play an important role in ischemic stroke patients. Methodology: For this purpose a cross-sectional study was done at Department of Pathology,Darbhanga Medical College andHospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar from January 2020 to August 2020. A total of 150subjects were enrolled in Medicine Department and referred to Pathology Department for various hematological test.Patients divided into two groups, control (n=50) and ischemic stroke subjects (n=100). Data regarding risk factors was collected through questionnaire. Their hematological parameters such as WBCs count, RBCs count, haemoglobin concentration, HCT, MCV, MCH and PLT count were assessed by hematology analyzer. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS (version 13). Result: Mean age of control and ischemic stroke group was 61.40y±1.33 and 63.8y±1.36 respectively with non-significant difference between the groups. Among the ischemic stroke subjects, 73% of the subjects were suffering from hypertension, 53% reported diabetes, 41% had heart disease, 39% had family history of stroke, 32% were smokers and 46% use high cholesterol food. The WBCs count, MCV, MCH and HCT were found significantly higher in ischemic stroke subjects when compared with control group while the significant decrease was observed in RBCs count and hemoglobin concentration. PLT count increased in ischemic stroke subjects as compared to control group. Conclusion: It was concluded that in ischemic stroke patients hematological parameters were greatly altered.

Assessment of drinking water quality within amalgamated territorial communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Ruslana Valerko ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla Herasymchuk ◽  
Yevgenii Hurskyi ◽  
Anastasiya Pavlenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Rural Settlements

One of the main problems of rural residential areas is to provide the local population with quality drinking water, which is a major factor influencing their health. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement effective measures not only at the state level but also at the regional and local levels. The main purpose of decentralization of power is to transfer the power and appropriate financial resources to the lowest levels of local self-government, which makes it possible for created amalgamated communities to use these resources to solve the priority issues. However, to determine the ecological state of rural settlements in the subsystem of drinking water quality, it is necessary to assess its quality in the territory where the community is situated. The investigation was carried out in 15 rural settlements of the Teterivka amalgamated community of the amalgamated Zhytomyr district. 36 water samples were selected from the sources of non-centralized water supply. Water quality classes were determined following DSTU (National Standards of Ukraine) 4808:2007 “Sources of Centralized Drinking Water Supply. Hygienic and Environmental Requirements for Water Quality and Selection Rules”. As a result, it has been established that nitrates make the largest contribution to the pollution of drinking water. In 47% of the selected samples, the nitrate content on average exceeded the norm; and in 46.7% of the investigated settlements, water belongs to quality class 4, defined as “mediocre”, “partially potable” of undesirable quality. A critical situation was recorded in the villages of Mykhailivka, Nova Rudnia and Staroshiika, where the nitrate content in all selected samples of the well water exceeded the norm. On average, 61% of the selected water samples did not meet the standard and were below the standard. According to the pH indicator, the quality classes vary from “excellent”, very pure water grading to the class of “good”, pure water of the desired quality to “satisfactory”, slightly contaminated water of acceptable quality. The total iron content exceeded the standard in 5.6% of the selected samples.

Measurement of uranium and radon concentration in drinking water samples and assessment of ingestion dose to local population in Jalandhar district of Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Anjali Kaushal ◽  
B. K. Sahoo ◽  
Amit Sarin ◽  
Rohit Mehra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Uranium Concentration ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ingestion Dose ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

A study was conducted to assess the concentration of uranium and dissolved radon in drinking water samples collected from Jalandhar district of Punjab, India. The samples were analysed for dissolved radon using scintillation cell method. Laser fluorimetry was used for measurement of uranium concentration. Correlation analysis of radon and uranium concentrations and salinity and total dissolved solids with uranium was carried out. The uranium concentration in water samples varied from a minimum value of 1.53 ± 0.06 mg m−3 to 50.2 ± 0.08 mg m−3 with a geometric mean value of 14.85 mg m−3. The radon concentration in water varied from a minimum value of 0.34 ± 0.07 kBq m−3 to a maximum value of 3.84 ± 0.48 kBq m−3 with a geometric mean value of 1.46 kBq m−3. Ingestion dose to local population, due to radon and uranium in drinking water, for different age categories, was computed and results are being reported in this paper.

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