scholarly journals Nanoparticle Probes for Structural and Functional Photoacoustic Molecular Tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haobin Chen ◽  
Zhen Yuan ◽  
Changfeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Photoacoustic Tomography ◽  
Optical Contrast ◽  
Photoacoustic Effect ◽  
Nanoparticle Probes ◽  
And Function

Nowadays, nanoparticle probes have received extensive attention largely due to its potential biomedical applications in structural, functional, and molecular imaging. In addition, photoacoustic tomography (PAT), a method based on the photoacoustic effect, is widely recognized as a robust modality to evaluate the structure and function of biological tissues with high optical contrast and high acoustic resolution. The combination of PAT with nanoparticle probes holds promises for detecting and imaging diseased tissues or monitoring their treatments with high sensitivity. This review will introduce the recent advances in the emerging field of nanoparticle probes and their preclinical applications in PAT, as well as relevant perspectives on future development.

scholarly journals Thermoacoustic and Photoacoustic Tomography of Thick Biological Tissues toward Breast Imaging

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Ku ◽  
Bruno D. Fornage ◽  
Xing Jin ◽  
Minghua Xu ◽  
Kelly K. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Photoacoustic Tomography ◽  
Optical Contrast ◽  
Good Spatial Resolution ◽  
Malignant Breast Tissue ◽  
Benign Breast Tissue ◽  
Malignant Breast

Microwave-based thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) and laser-based photoacoustic tomography (PAT) in a circular scanning configuration were both developed to image deeply seated lesions and objects in biological tissues. Because malignant breast tissue absorbs microwaves more strongly than benign breast tissue, cancers were imaged with good spatial resolution and contrast by TAT in human breast mastectomy specimens. Based on the intrinsic optical contrast between blood and chicken breast muscle, an embedded blood object that was 5 cm deep in the tissue was also detected using PAT at a wavelength of 1064 nm.

scholarly journals Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Cells for Bone Regereneration: State of the Art

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Barba ◽  
Claudia Cicione ◽  
Camilla Bernardini ◽  
Fabrizio Michetti ◽  
Wanda Lattanzi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
And Function

Adipose tissue represents a hot topic in regenerative medicine because of the tissue source abundance, the relatively easy retrieval, and the inherent biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells residing in its stroma. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are indeed multipotent somatic stem cells exhibiting growth kinetics and plasticity, proved to induce efficient tissue regeneration in several biomedical applications. A defined consensus for their isolation, classification, and characterization has been very recently achieved. In particular, bone tissue reconstruction and regeneration based on ASCs has emerged as a promising approach to restore structure and function of bone compromised by injury or disease. ASCs have been used in combination with osteoinductive biomaterial and/or osteogenic molecules, in either static or dynamic culture systems, to improve bone regeneration in several animal models. To date, few clinical trials on ASC-based bone reconstruction have been concluded and proved effective. The aim of this review is to dissect the state of the art on ASC use in bone regenerative applications in the attempt to provide a comprehensive coverage of the topics, from the basic laboratory to recent clinical applications.

scholarly journals Sound Out the Deep Colors: Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging at New Depths

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153601212098151
Author(s):  
Mucong Li ◽  
Nikhila Nyayapathi ◽  
Hailey I. Kilian ◽  
Jun Xia ◽  
Jonathan F. Lovell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Imaging Depth ◽  
Molecular Signals

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has become increasingly popular for molecular imaging due to its unique optical absorption contrast, high spatial resolution, deep imaging depth, and high imaging speed. Yet, the strong optical attenuation of biological tissues has traditionally prevented PAT from penetrating more than a few centimeters and limited its application for studying deeply seated targets. A variety of PAT technologies have been developed to extend the imaging depth, including employing deep-penetrating microwaves and X-ray photons as excitation sources, delivering the light to the inside of the organ, reshaping the light wavefront to better focus into scattering medium, as well as improving the sensitivity of ultrasonic transducers. At the same time, novel optical fluence mapping algorithms and image reconstruction methods have been developed to improve the quantitative accuracy of PAT, which is crucial to recover weak molecular signals at larger depths. The development of highly-absorbing near-infrared PA molecular probes has also flourished to provide high sensitivity and specificity in studying cellular processes. This review aims to introduce the recent developments in deep PA molecular imaging, including novel imaging systems, image processing methods and molecular probes, as well as their representative biomedical applications. Existing challenges and future directions are also discussed.

Strategies and applications of covalent organic frameworks as promising nanoplatforms in cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3450-3483
Author(s):  
Cristian Valenzuela ◽  
Chu Chen ◽  
Mengxiao Sun ◽  
Zhanpeng Ye ◽  
Jianhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Covalent Organic Frameworks ◽  
Geometry Structure ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high flexibility in geometry, structure and function exhibit great potential for biomedical applications. Herein the cutting edge of COF-based nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics is comprehensively reviewed.

scholarly journals An Overview on Biomaterials: Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Nikita A Naidu ◽  
Kamlesh Wadher ◽  
Milind Umekar
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Regenerative Medicines ◽  
And Function ◽  
Living Creature

The development of biomaterials have existed from around half a century and manifest its use in different fields. Biomaterials are used in living creature body, looking on its biocompatibility nature. In recent years, advances of biomaterials are showing a marked presence in the fast growing fields of pharmaceuticals and medicines. According to their availability, different types of biomaterials like metal, ceramic, polymer and their composites are used for several purpose in the body. In this review article, types of biomaterials have been discussed with their advantages, disadvantages and recent applications in the pharmaceutical field such as implants used to mimic the structure and function of tissues, dental implants, wound healing, cell regeneration, regenerative medicines, delivery of drugs and different organ regeneration. Organ regeneration leading to replacement of organs such as heart, trachea and lungs etc. by use of specific biomaterials have been reported with the diagnosis of diseases and its treatment.

EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE STIFFNESS ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS

2006 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENELOPE C. GEORGES ◽  
ILYA LEVENTAL ◽  
WILFREDO De JESúS ROJAS ◽  
R. TYLER MILLER ◽  
PAUL A. JANMEY
Keyword(s):  
Cell Structure ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Substrate Stiffness ◽  
Filamin A ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Different Response ◽  
And Function

Most biological tissues are soft viscoelastic materials with elastic moduli ranging from approximately 100 to 100,000 Pa. Recent studies have examined the effect of substrate rigidity on cell structure and function, and many, but not all cell types exhibit a strong response to substrate stiffness. Some blood cells such as platelets and neutrophils have indistinguishable structures on hard and soft materials as long as they are sufficiently adhesive, whereas many cell types, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells spread much more strongly on rigid compared to soft substrates. A few cell types such as neurons appear to extend better on very soft materials. The different response of astrocytes and neurons to the stiffness of their substrate results in preferential growth of neurons on soft gels and astrocytes on hard gels, and suggests that preventing rigidification of damaged central nervous system tissue after injury may have utility in wound healing. How cells sense substrate stiffness is unknown. One candidate protein, filamin A, which responds to externally derived stresses, was tested in melanoma cells. Cells devoid of filamin A retain the ability to sense substrate stiffness, suggesting that other proteins are required for stiffness sensing.

scholarly journals Viscoelastic properties of biopolymer hydrogels determined by Brillouin spectroscopy: A probe of tissue micromechanics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. eabc1937
Author(s):  
Michelle Bailey ◽  
Martina Alunni-Cardinali ◽  
Noemi Correa ◽  
Silvia Caponi ◽  
Timothy Holsgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brillouin Spectroscopy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Brillouin Spectrum ◽  
Optical Elastography

Many problems in mechanobiology urgently require characterization of the micromechanical properties of cells and tissues. Brillouin light scattering has been proposed as an emerging optical elastography technique to meet this need. However, the information contained in the Brillouin spectrum is still a matter of debate because of fundamental problems in understanding the role of water in biomechanics and in relating the Brillouin data to low-frequency macroscopic mechanical parameters. Here, we investigate this question using gelatin as a model system in which the macroscopic physical properties can be manipulated to mimic all the relevant biological states of matter, ranging from the liquid to the gel and the glassy phase. We demonstrate that Brillouin spectroscopy is able to reveal both the elastic and viscous properties of biopolymers that are central to the structure and function of biological tissues.

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