scholarly journals Athletic Differences in the Characteristics of the Photoplethysmographic Pulse Shape: Effect of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Maximal Muscular Voluntary Contraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anran Wang ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Chengyu Liu ◽  
Jingxuan Cui ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Shape Effect ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Pulse Area ◽  
Reflection Index ◽  
Dicrotic Notch ◽  
Pulse Peak

This study aimed to investigate the athletic differences in the characteristics of the photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulse shape. 304 athletes were enrolled and divided into three subgroups according to a typical sport classification in terms of the maximal oxygen uptake (MaxO2_low, MaxO2_middle and MaxO2_high groups) or the maximal muscular voluntary contraction (MMVC_low, MMVC_middle, and MMVC_high groups). Finger PPG pulses were digitally recorded and then normalized to derive the pulse area, pulse peak timeTp, dicrotic notch timeTn, and pulse reflection index (RI). The four parameters were finally compared between the three subgroups categorized by MaxO2or by MMVC. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated by quantifying the characteristics of the PPG pulses in different athletes that MaxO2, but not MMVC, had significant effect on the arterial properties.

The effect of a carbohydrate mouth-rinse on neuromuscular fatigue following cycling exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jeffers ◽  
Robert Shave ◽  
Emma Ross ◽  
Emma J. Stevenson ◽  
Stuart Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Neuromuscular Fatigue ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth-rinsing, rather than ingestion, is known to improve performance of high-intensity (>75% maximal oxygen uptake) short-duration (≤1 h) cycling exercise. Mechanisms responsible for this improvement, however, are unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a CHO mouth-rinse on cycling time-trial (TT) performance and mechanisms of fatigue. On 2 separate occasions, 9 male cyclists (mean ± SD; maximal oxygen uptake, 61 ± 5 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed 45 min at 70% maximum power output (preload) followed by a 15-min TT. At 7.5-min intervals during the preload and TT, participants were given either a tasteless 6.4% maltodextrin mouth-rinse (CHO) or water (placebo (PLA)) in a double-blind, counterbalanced fashion. Isometric knee-extension force and electromyographic responses to percutaneous electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation were measured before, after the preload, and after the TT. There were greater decreases in maximal voluntary contraction after the TT in PLA (20% ± 10%) compared with the CHO (12% ± 8%; P = 0.019). Voluntary activation was reduced following exercise in both trials, but did not differ between conditions (PLA –10% ± 8% vs. CHO –5% ± 4%; P = 0.150). The attenuation in the manifestation of global fatigue did not translate into a TT improvement (248 ± 23 vs. 248 ± 39 W for CHO and PLA, respectively). Furthermore, no differences in heart rate or ratings of perceived exertion were found between the 2 conditions. These data suggest that CHO mouth-rinsing attenuates neuromuscular fatigue following endurance cycling. Although these changes did not translate into a performance improvement, further investigation is required into the role of CHO mouth-rinse in alleviating neuromuscular fatigue.

Relationship between a Two Mile Run and Maximal Oxygen Uptake

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Mello ◽  
Michelle M. Murphy ◽  
James A. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake

scholarly journals Validity of Submaximal Step Tests to Estimate Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Healthy Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Bennett ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt ◽  
Kade Davison ◽  
Roger Eston
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Healthy Adults

The Relation between Total Haemoglobin Mass, Heart Volume and Maximal Oxygen Uptake

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S3
Author(s):  
Christoph Ahlgrim ◽  
Torben Pottgiesser ◽  
Kai Roecker ◽  
Yorck O. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Heart Volume ◽  
Total Haemoglobin Mass ◽  
Haemoglobin Mass ◽  
Total Haemoglobin

The perceptually regulated exercise test is sensitive to increases in maximal oxygen uptake

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 1233-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison J. L. Evans ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt ◽  
Roger G. Eston
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake

Central and peripheral adaptations of the gas transport system to one-leg training

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1146-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Thomas ◽  
D. A. Cunningham ◽  
M. J. Plyley ◽  
D. R. Boughner ◽  
R. A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

The role of central and peripheral adaptations in the response to endurance training was examined. Changes in cardiac structure and function, oxygen extraction, and muscle enzyme activities following one-leg training were studied.Eleven subjects (eight females, three males) trained on a cycle ergometer 4 weeks with one leg (leg 1), then 4 weeks with the second leg (leg 2). Cardiovascular responses to exercise with both legs and each leg separately were evaluated at entry (T1), after 4 weeks of training (T2), and after a second 4 weeks of training (T3). Peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text] peak) during exercise with leg 1 (T1 to T2 increased 19.8% (P < 0.05) and during exercise with leg 2 (T2 to T3 increased 16.9% (P < 0.05). Maximal oxygen uptake with both legs increased 7.9% from T1 to T2 and 9.4% from T2 to T3 (P < 0.05). During exercise at 60% of [Formula: see text] peak, cardiac output [Formula: see text] was increased significantly only when the trained leg was exercised. [Formula: see text] increased 12.2% for leg 1 between T1 and T2 and 13.0% for leg 2 between T2 and T3 (P < 0.05). M-mode echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular internal diameter at diastole and peak velocity of circumferential fibre shortening at rest or during supine cycle ergometer exercise at T1 and T3 revealed no training induced changes in cardiac dimensions or function. Enzyme analysis of muscle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis (At T1, T2, T3) revealed no consistent pattern of change in aerobic (malate dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) or anaerobic (phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydroginase, and creatine kinase) enzyme activities. Increases in cardiac output and maximal oxygen uptake which result from short duration endurance training can be achieved, therefore, without measurable central cardiac adaptation. The absence of echocardio-graphically determined changes in cardiac dimensions and contractility and the absence of an increase in cardiac output during exercise with the nontrained leg following training of the contralateral limb support this conclusion.

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