scholarly journals Thaliporphine Derivative Improves Acute Lung Injury after Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gunng-Shinng Chen ◽  
Kuo-Feng Huang ◽  
Chien-Chu Huang ◽  
Jia-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lung Injury Score ◽  
Injury Score ◽  
Aqp4 Expression ◽  
Protein Levels

Acute lung injury (ALI) occurs frequently in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Aquaporins (AQPs), particularly AQP1 and AQP4, maintain water balances between the epithelial and microvascular domains of the lung. Since pulmonary edema (PE) usually occurs in the TBI-induced ALI patients, we investigated the effects of a thaliporphine derivative, TM-1, on the expression of AQPs and histological outcomes in the lung following TBI in rats. TM-1 administered (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) at 3 or 4 h after TBI significantly reduced the elevated mRNA expression and protein levels of AQP1 and AQP4 and diminished the wet/dry weight ratio, which reflects PE, in the lung at 8 and 24 h after TBI. Postinjury TM-1 administration also improved histopathological changes at 8 and 24 h after TBI. PE was accompanied with tissue pathological changes because a positive correlation between the lung injury score and the wet/dry weight ratio in the same animal was observed. Postinjury administration of TM-1 improved ALI and reduced PE at 8 and 24 h following TBI. The pulmonary-protective effect of TM-1 may be attributed to, at least in part, downregulation of AQP1 and AQP4 expression after TBI.

scholarly journals Lung protective effect of Punicalagin on LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibin Zeng ◽  
Hongying Zhao ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Yanni He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Background: Punicalagin (Pun) is one of the main bioactive compounds in pomegranate peel, it possesses many properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and immunosuppressive activities. The study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of Pun on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods and Results: Forty-eight BALB/c male mice were used to establish ALI by intratracheal-instilled 2.4 mg/kg LPS, the mice were randomly divided into model and Pun (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) groups. The other twelve mice were intratracheal-instilled same volume of water as control. After 2 h of receiving LPS, mice were administrated drug through intraperitoneal injection. Lung index, histopathological changes, white blood cells and biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed. The protein expression of total and phosphor p65, IκBα, ERK1/2, JNK and p38 in lung tissue was detected. The result showed that Pun could reduce the lung index and wet/dry weight ratio, improve lung histopathological injury. In addition, Pun decreased the inflammation cells and regulated the biomarkers in BALF. Furthermore, Pun dose-dependently reduced the phosphor protein levels of p65, IκBα, ERK1/2, JNK and p38 in lung tissue, which exhibited that the effect of Pun related to MAPKs pathway. More importantly, there is no toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity study of Pun. Conclusion: Pun improves LPS-induced ALI mainly through its anti-inflammatory properties, which is associated with NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. The study implied that Pun maybe a potent agent against ALI in future clinic.

scholarly journals Shen-su-yin, a Traditional Herbal Medicine, Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats Through Its Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Jun Ke ◽  
Jiuyun Zhang ◽  
Haijun Zhou ◽  
Wuhong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Lung Injury Score ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Most components of Shen-su-yin (SSY), an herbal formula, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The present study was designed to investigate potential effects and mechanisms of SSY on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats. 48 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (Ctrl) group, LPS-induced ALI group, low- (SSY-LD) and high- (SSY-HD) dose SSY-treated ALI group. SSY was administered to SSY-treated rats immediately after LPS induction. After 24 hours, blood gas analysis and lactate determination were performed; and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected for detecting protein concentration and levels of cytokines. Lung tissues were obtained for Western blot analysis, histopathological analysis, wet-to-dry weight ratio calculation and measurement of oxidative stress levels. SSY improved oxygenation index and mean arterial pressure, decreased levels of lactate and heart rate, alleviated lung histopathology indexes including lung injury score, wet-to-dry weight ratio and exudation of protein as well as inflammatory cells in ALI rats. Furthermore, SSY reduced levels of pro-inflammatory and oxidative mediums, while increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine and anti-oxidative activity in lung tissues. SSY also suppressed NF-κB signalling pathway and further activated Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway activated by LPS. Moreover, all the effects caused by SSY in the SSY-HD group were more encouraging than those in the SSY-LD group. The results indicate that the preventive use of SSY can alleviate ALI through the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects mediated by inhibition of NF-κB signalling pathway and activation of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway, and the effect of high dose is better.

scholarly journals Management of Acute Lung Injury: Palmitoylethanolamide as a New Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5533
Author(s):  
Alessio Filippo Peritore ◽  
Ramona D’Amico ◽  
Rosalba Siracusa ◽  
Marika Cordaro ◽  
Roberta Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Intratracheal Administration ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common and devastating clinical disorders with high mortality and no specific therapy. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is usually used intratracheally to induce ALI in mice. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an ultramicronized preparation of palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) in mice subjected to LPS-induced ALI. Histopathological analysis reveals that um-PEA reduced alteration in lung after LPS intratracheal administration. Besides, um-PEA decreased wet/dry weight ratio and myeloperoxidase, a marker of neutrophils infiltration, macrophages and total immune cells number and mast cells degranulation in lung. Moreover, um-PEA could also decrease cytokines release of interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-18. Furthermore, um-PEA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation in ALI, and at the same time decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK) expression, that was increased after LPS administration. Our study suggested that um-PEA contrasted LPS-induced ALI, exerting its potential role as an adjuvant anti-inflammatory therapeutic for treating lung injury, maybe also by p38/NF-κB pathway.

scholarly journals The assessment of severity of lung injury in sepsis

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 404-408
Author(s):  
Ljubica Arsenijevic ◽  
Nada Popovic ◽  
Zvezdana Kojic
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Injury Score ◽  
Pulmonary Dysfunction ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Injury Score ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and severe pulmonary dysfunction. It is clinically characterized by dyspnea and tachypnea, progressive hypoxemia (within 12-48 hours), reduction of pulmonary compliance and diffuse bilateral infiltrates seen on pulmonary radiogram. Etiological factors giving rise to development of the syndrome are numerous. The acute lung injury (AU) is defined as the inflammation syndrome and increased permeability, which is associated with radiological and physiological disorders. Lung injury score (LIS), which is composed of four components, is used for making a distinction between two separate but rather similar syndromes. The study was aimed at the assessment of the severity of the lung injury in patients who had suffered from sepsis of the gynecological origin and its influence on the outcome of the disease. The total of 43 female patients was analyzed. Twenty patients (46.51%) were diagnosed as having ARDS based on the lung injury score, while 23 patients (53.48%) were diagnosed with acute lung injury. In our series, lung injury score ranged from 0.7 to 3.3 in ARDS patients, and lethal outcome ensued in 11 (55%) cases in this group. As for the patients with the acute lung injury, the score values ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 and only one patient from this group died (4.34%). The obtained results indicate that high values of the lung injury score are suggestive of the severe respiratory dysfunction as well as that lethal outcome is dependent on LIS value.

scholarly journals Natural Antioxidant Betanin Protects Rats from Paraquat-Induced Acute Lung Injury Interstitial Pneumonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyan Han ◽  
Deshun Ma ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Xuelian Yang ◽  
Dehong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Injury Characteristic ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effect of betanin on a rat paraquat-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model was investigated. Paraquat was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, and betanin (25 and 100 mg/kg/d) was orally administered 3 days before and 2 days after paraquat administration. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last betanin dosage, and lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. In rats treated only with paraquat, extensive lung injury characteristic of ALI was observed, including histological changes, elevation of lung : body weight ratio, increased lung permeability, increased lung neutrophilia infiltration, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced claudin-4 and zonula occluden-1 protein levels, increased BALF interleukin (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αlevels, reduced BALF IL-10 levels, and increased lung nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) activity. In rats treated with betanin, paraquat-induced ALI was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results indicate that betanin attenuates paraquat-induced ALI possibly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Thus, the potential for using betanin as an auxilliary therapy for ALI should be explored further.

Shen-Fu Attenuates Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanning Qian ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Zhongyun Wang ◽  
Jianjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Sepsis is associated with the highest risk of progression to acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Shen-Fu has been advocated to treat many severely ill patients. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of Shen-Fu on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in vivo. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: controls; those challenged with endotoxin (5 mg/kg) and treated with saline; those challenged with endotoxin (5 mg/kg) and treated with Shen-Fu (1 mg/kg); those challenged with endotoxin (5 mg/kg) and treated with Shen-Fu (10 mg/kg); increase challenged with endotoxin (5 mg/kg) and treated with Shen-Fu (100 mg/kg); saline injected and treated with Shen-Fu (100 mg/kg). TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-kappa B were investigated in the lung two hours later. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and wet/dry weight ratio were investigated six hours later. Intravenous administration of endotoxin provoked significant lung injury, which was characterized by increment increase of MPO activity and wet/dry lung weight ratio, and TNF-α and IL-6 expression and NF-kappa B activation. Shen-Fu (10,100 mg/kg) decreased MPO activity and wet/dry weight ratio and inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production, endotoxin-induced NF-kappa B activation. Our results indicated that Shen-Fu at a dose of higher than 10 mg/kg inhibited endotoxin-induced pulmonary inflammation in vivo.

scholarly journals Ganoderic acid A attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wan ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Shuangshuang Sun ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yanling LV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ganoderic Acid ◽  
Lower Lung

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ganoderic acid A (GAA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. In mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury, we found that GAA led to significantly lower lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and lung myeloperoxidase activity, and attenuated pathological damages. In addition, GAA increased superoxide dismutase activity, but decreased malondialdehyde content and proinflammatory cytokines levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mechanistically, GAA reduced the activation of Rho/ROCK/NF-κB pathway to inhibit LPS-induced inflammation. In conclusion, our study suggests that GAA attenuates acute lung injury in mouse model via the inhibition of Rho/ROCK/NF-κB pathway.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Monoammonium Glycyrrhizinate on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice through Regulating Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Huang ◽  
Jiangfeng Tang ◽  
Hui Cai ◽  
Yi Pan ◽  
Yicheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanism

The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (MAG) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and possible mechanism. Acute lung injury was induced in BALB/c mice by intratracheal instillation of LPS, and MAG was injected intraperitoneally 1 h prior to LPS administration. After ALI, the histopathology of lungs, lung wet/dry weight ratio, protein concentration, and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in the BALF were measured by ELISA. The activation of NF-κB p65 and IκB-αof lung homogenate was detected by Western blot. Pretreatment with MAG attenuated lung histopathological damage induced by LPS and decreased lung wet/dry weight ratio and the concentrations of protein in BALF. At the same time, MAG reduced the number of inflammatory cells in lung and inhibited the production of TNF-αand IL-1βin BALF. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MAG suppressed activation of NF-κB signaling pathway induced by LPS in lung. The results suggested that the therapeutic mechanism of MAG on ALI may be attributed to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate may be a potential therapeutic reagent for ALI.

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