scholarly journals Bone Morphology in 46 BXD Recombinant Inbred Strains and Femur-Tibia Correlation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueying Zhang ◽  
Jinsong Huang ◽  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Valentin David ◽  
Mehmet Kocak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Properties

We examined the bone properties of BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mice by analyzing femur and tibia and compared their phenotypes of different compartments. 46 BXD RI mouse strains were analyzed including progenitor C57BL/6J (n=16) and DBA/2J (n=15) and two first filial generations (D2B6F1 and B6D2F1). Strain differences were observed in bone quality and structural properties (P<0.05) in each bone profile (whole bone, cortical bone, or trabecular bone). It is well known that skeletal phenotypes are largely affected by genetic determinants and genders, such as bone mineral density (BMD). While genetics and gender appear expectedly as the major determinants of bone mass and structure, significant correlations were also observed between femur and tibia. More importantly, positive and negative femur-tibia associations indicated that genetic makeup had an influence on skeletal integrity. We conclude that (a) femur-tibia association in bone morphological properties significantly varies from strain to strain, which may be caused by genetic differences among strains, and (b) strainwise variations were seen in bone mass, bone morphology, and bone microarchitecture along with bone structural property.

scholarly journals Bone Mass and Strength and Fall-Related Fractures in Older Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsti Uusi-Rasi ◽  
Saija Karinkanta ◽  
Kari Tokola ◽  
Pekka Kannus ◽  
Harri Sievänen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Bone Mass Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Group ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. Low bone mineral density is a risk factor for fractures. The aim of this follow-up study was to assess the association of various bone properties with fall-related fractures. Materials and Methods. 187 healthy women aged 55 to 83 years at baseline who were either physically active or inactive were followed for 20 years. They were divided into two groups by whether or not they sustained fall-related fractures: fracture group (F) and nonfracture group (NF). At baseline, several bone properties were measured with DXA and pQCT, and their physical performance was also assessed. Results. During the follow-up, 120 women had no fall-related fractures, while 67 (38%) sustained at least one fall with fracture. NF group had about 4 to 11% greater BMD at the femoral neck and distal radius; the mean differences (95% CI) were 4.5 (0.3 to 8.6) % and 11.1 (6.3 to 16.1) %, respectively. NF group also had stronger bone structure at the tibia, the mean difference in BMC at the distal tibia was 6.0 (2.2 to 9.7) %, and at the tibial shaft 3.6 (0.4 to 6.8) %. However, there was no mean difference in physical performance. Conclusions. Low bone properties contribute to the risk of fracture if a person falls. Therefore, in the prevention of fragility fractures, it is essential to focus on improving bone mass, density, and strength during the lifetime. Reduction of falls by improving physical performance, balance, mobility, and muscle power is equally important.

Effect of swimming exercise on three-dimensional trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 990-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-In Ju ◽  
Teruki Sone ◽  
Kazuhiro Ohnaru ◽  
Kensuke Tanaka ◽  
Masao Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Ovx Rats

Swimming is generally considered ineffective for increasing bone mass in humans, at least compared with weight-bearing sports. However, swimming exercise has sometimes been shown to have a strong positive effect on bone mass in small animals. This study investigated the effects of swimming on bone mass, strength, and microarchitecture in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX or sham operations were performed on 18-wk-old female Fisher 344 rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham sedentary (Sham-CON), sham swimming exercised (Sham-SWI), OVX sedentary (OVX-CON), and OVX swimming exercised (OVX-SWI). Rats in exercise groups performed swimming in a water bath for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 12 wk. Bone mineral density (BMD) in right femurs was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Three-dimensional trabecular architecture at the distal femoral metaphysis was analyzed using microcomputed tomography (μCT). Geometrical properties of diaphyseal cortical bone were evaluated in the midfemoral region using μCT. The biomechanical properties of femurs were analyzed using three-point bending. Femoral BMD was significantly decreased following ovariectomy. This change was suppressed by swimming. Trabecular bone thickness, number, and connectivity were decreased by ovariectomy, whereas structure model index (i.e., ratio of rod-like to plate-like trabeculae) increased. These changes were also suppressed by swimming exercise. Femurs displayed greater cortical width and maximum load in SWI groups than in CON groups. Together, these results demonstrate that swimming exercise drastically alleviated both OVX-induced decreases in bone mass and mechanical strength and the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture in rat models of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Periprosthetic bone loss: diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Cavalli ◽  
Maria Luisa Brandi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Total Joint Replacement ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Knee Prostheses ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Periprosthetic Bone ◽  
New Device ◽  
Bone Mass Loss ◽  
Joint Replacement Surgery

Total joint replacement surgery is being performed on an increasingly large part of the population. Clinical longevity of implants depends on their osseointegration, which is influenced by the load, the characteristics of the implant and the bone-implant interface, as well as by the quality and quantity of the surrounding bone. Aseptic loosening due to periprosthetic osteolysis is the most frequent known cause of implant failure. Wear of prosthetic materials results in the formation of numerous particles of debris that cause a complex biological response. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is regarded as an accurate method to evaluate Bone Mineral Density (BMD) around hip or knee prostheses. Further data may be provided by a new device, the Bone Microarchitecture Analysis (BMA), which combines bone microarchitecture quantification and ultra high resolution osteo-articular imaging. Pharmacological strategies have been developed to prevent bone mass loss and to extend implant survival. Numerous trials with bisphosphonates show a protective effect on periprosthetic bone mass, up to 72 months after arthroplasty. Strontium ranelate has been demonstrated to increase the osseointegration of titanium implants in treated animals with improvement of bone microarchitecture and bone biomaterial properties.

scholarly journals Systems genetic analysis of binge-like eating in a C57BL/6J x DBA/2J-F2 cross

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Yao ◽  
Richard K. Babbs ◽  
Julia C. Kelliher ◽  
Kimberly P. Luttik ◽  
M. Imad Damaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Strains ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Trait Locus

ABSTRACTObjectiveBinge eating is a heritable quantitative trait associated with eating disorders (ED) and refers to the rapid consumption of a large quantity of energy-dense food that is associated with loss of control, anxiety, and depression. Binge Eating Disorder is the most common ED in adults in the US; however, the genetic basis is unknown. We previously identified robust mouse inbred strain differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J in binge-like eating (BLE) of sweetened palatable food (PF) in an intermittent access, conditioned place preference paradigm.MethodsTo map the genetic basis of BLE, we phenotyped and genotyped 128 C57BL/6J x DBA/2J-F2 mice.ResultsWe identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 13 influencing progressive changes in body weight across training days (LOD = 5.5; 26-39 cM). We also identified two sex-combined QTLs influencing PF intake on chromosome 5 (LOD = 5.6; 1.5-LOD interval = 21-28 cM) and 6 (LOD = 5.3; 1.5-LOD interval = 50-59 cM). Furthermore, sex-specific analyses revealed that the chromosome 6 locus was driven by males (1.5-LOD interval: 52-59 cM) and identified a female-selective QTL for BLE on chromosome 18 (LOD = 4.1; 1.5-LOD interval: 23-35 cM). Systems genetic analysis of the chromosome 6 locus for BLE using GeneNetwork legacy trait datasets from BXD recombinant inbred strains identified Adipor2 and Plxnd1 as two positional, functional, biological candidate genes.DiscussionWe identified genetic loci influencing BLE. Future studies will phenotype BXD recombinant inbred strains to fine map loci and support candidate gene nomination and validation.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MOUSE STRAINS IN TESTICULAR CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND ANDROGEN TARGET ORGANS

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BARTKE ◽  
J. G. M. SHIRE
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

SUMMARY The concentrations of esterified and free cholesterol in the testes, and the weights of the testes, seminal vesicles, kidneys and submandibular glands, were determined in mice of the C57BL/10J and DBA/2J inbred strains. Measurements were also made on reciprocal F1 hybrids. Cholesterol concentration and the weights of the testes and seminal vesicles were also studied in C57BL/6J and AKR/J inbred mice and in mice from two random-bred stocks. Considerable strain differences were found both in the concentration of esterified cholesterol and in gonadal weight. Since all the animals were maintained under the same environmental conditions the differences must have been genetic in origin. The decrease in absolute testicular weight which occurred in the C57BL/10 mice after the age of 8 weeks was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of total cholesterol present as ester. Groups of C57BL/10 males were treated with luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin-secreting pituitary isografts, pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS), testosterone propionate or pregnenolone. The concentration of esterified cholesterol was slightly decreased by LH and increased by pituitary grafts, confirming earlier studies in other strains. Treatment with PMS caused a drastic depletion of the high levels of esterified cholesterol usually found in the testes of these mice, and also caused marked growth of the seminal vesicles. Testosterone increased the weight of seminal vesicles while pregnenolone had no effect. None of the treatments stimulated spermatogenesis. A marked sex difference in the weight of the kidneys was absent in the C57BL/10 strain but was present in the DBA/2 strain. The kidneys of C57BL/10 males were significantly smaller than those of DBA/2 males. These findings, together with other studies on C57BL/10 mice, suggest that males of this strain are relatively androgen deficient. This could be due to inadequate production of FSH and LH, perhaps accompanied by a deficiency in the conversion of pregnenolone to androgenic steroids. The effect of the C57BL/10 genotype on spermatogenesis either is not hormone mediated or else is irreversible after the age of 6 weeks.

scholarly journals Genetic relationships between obesity and osteoporosis in LGXSM recombinant inbred mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL S. REICH ◽  
JOSEPH P. JARVIS ◽  
MATTHEW J. SILVA ◽  
JAMES M. CHEVERUD
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Diaphyseal Bone

SummaryObesity and osteoporosis affect millions of Americans. While phenotypically, obesity is negatively correlated with fracture risk, research on a genetic basis for this relationship is lacking. We used males and females from 16 LGXSM recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains to investigate the genetically mediated relationship between obesity and osteoporosis-related traits. First, heritabilities were estimated for (1) bone morphology properties determined by microCT (femoral and radial diaphyseal bone cross-sectional area and moments of inertia, as well as proximal tibial trabecular bone volume, connectivity density, structure model index, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation), (2) mechanical properties determined by bending tests (femoral and radial rigidity, yield moment, ultimate moment, fracture displacement and post-yield displacement), and (3) effective material properties (femoral and radial modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength). All femoral (H2=43–74%) and tibial traits (H2=31–56%) were heritable; as were 8 of 10 radial traits (H2=21–33%). Eighteen significant genetic correlations were discovered between obesity- and osteoporosis-related phenotypes. Genetic correlations indicate that gene effects associated with increased fat mass and leptin levels are also associated with larger, stronger femora. Gene effects associated with larger, stronger radii and with denser tibiae were also associated with increased fat mass but not with leptin levels. Furthermore, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) previously reported for obesity and leptin levels also had effects on bone morphology, mechanical and material properties. Our results support the use of the LG/J-by-SM/J mouse intercross populations as models for normal, complex genetic variation in obesity, bone properties and their interrelationship.

scholarly journals Differential susceptibility of inbred mouse strains to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. G544-G551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mähler ◽  
Ian J. Bristol ◽  
Edward H. Leiter ◽  
Aletha E. Workman ◽  
Edward H. Birkenmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Mhc Haplotype

Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis represents an experimental model for human inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to screen various inbred strains of mice for genetically determined differences in susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Mice of strains C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeJBir, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, NOD/LtJ, NOD/LtSz- Prkdcscid/Prkdcscid , 129/SvPas, NON/LtJ, and NON.NOD- H2g7 were fed 3.5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days and necropsied 16 days later. Ceca and colons were scored for histological lesions based on severity, ulceration, hyperplasia, and area involved. Image analysis was used to quantitate the proportion of cecum ulcerated. Histological examination revealed significant differences among inbred strains for all parameters scored. In both cecum and colon, C3H/HeJ and a recently selected substrain, C3H/HeJBir, were highly DSS susceptible. NOD/LtJ, an autoimmune-prone strain, and NOD/LtSz- Prkdcscid/Prkdcscid , a stock with multiple defects in innate and adoptive immunity, were also highly DSS susceptible. NON/LtJ, a strain closely related to NOD, was quite DSS resistant. The major histocompatibility (MHC) haplotype of NOD mice ( H2g7 ), a major component of the NOD autoimmune susceptibility, was not crucial in determining DSS susceptibility, since NON mice congenic for this MHC haplotype retained resistance. C57BL/6J, 129/SvPas, and DBA/2J mice showed various degrees of susceptibility, depending upon the anatomical site. A greater male susceptibility to DSS-induced colonic but not cecal lesions was observed. In summary, this study demonstrates major differences in genetic susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis among inbred strains of mice. Knowledge of these strain differences in genetic responsiveness to acute inflammatory stress in the large intestine will permit design of genetic crosses to elucidate the genes involved.

scholarly journals Multiple trait measurements in 43 inbred mouse strains capture the phenotypic diversity characteristic of human populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 2369-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Svenson ◽  
Randy Von Smith ◽  
Phyllis A. Magnani ◽  
Heather R. Suetin ◽  
Beverly Paigen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density

The breadth of genetic and phenotypic variation among inbred strains is often underappreciated because assessments include only a limited number of strains. Evaluation of a larger collection of inbred strains provides not only a greater understanding of this variation but collectively mimics much of the variation observed in human populations. We used a high-throughput phenotyping protocol to measure females and males of 43 inbred strains for body composition (weight, fat, lean tissue mass, and bone mineral density), plasma triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and leptin levels while mice consumed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Mice were fed a chow diet until they were 6–8 wk old and then fed the high-fat diet for an additional 18 wk. As expected, broad phenotypic diversity was observed among these strains. Significant variation between the sexes was also observed for most traits measured. Additionally, the response to the high-fat diet differed considerably among many strains. By the testing of such a large set of inbred strains for many traits, multiple phenotypes can be considered simultaneously and thereby aid in the selection of certain inbred strains as models for complex human diseases. These data are publicly available in the web-accessible Mouse Phenome Database ( http://www.jax.org/phenome ), an effort established to promote systematic characterization of biochemical and behavioral phenotypes of commonly used and genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. Data generated by this effort builds on the value of inbred mouse strains as a powerful tool for biomedical research.

Genetic Analysis of Crown Size in the First Molars Using SMXA Recombinant Inbred Mouse Strains

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shimizu ◽  
H. Oikawa ◽  
J. Han ◽  
E. Kurose ◽  
T. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Tooth Crown ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Crown Size

Tooth crown size may be determined by both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting dental crown size and determine whether there is genetic independence between upper and lower teeth, using SMXA recombinant inbred strains of mice. Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters (MD and BL, respectively) of the upper and lower first molars (M1 and M1, respectively) were measured. For each trait, mean values of substrains showed a continuous spectrum of distribution. Genome-wide scan detected QTLs exceeding suggestive threshold levels for MD of M1 (chromosomes 7, 13, and 17), BL of M1 (chromosomes 8 and 13), MD of M1 (chromosomes 7 and 13), and BL of M1 (chromosomes 3 and 15). These findings suggest that tooth crown size is controlled by multiple genes, and that there is some independence of genetic control between M1 and M1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document