scholarly journals Experimental Immunization Based onPlasmodiumAntigens Isolated by Antibody Affinity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali N. Kamali ◽  
Patricia Marín-García ◽  
Isabel G. Azcárate ◽  
Antonio Puyet ◽  
Amalia Diez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Response ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Antibody Affinity ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Final Survival ◽  
Experimental Immunization

Vaccines blocking malaria parasites in the blood-stage diminish mortality and morbidity caused by the disease. Here, we isolated antigens from total parasite proteins by antibody affinity chromatography to test an immunization against lethal malaria infection in a murine model. We used the sera of malaria self-resistant ICR mice to lethalPlasmodium yoelii yoelii17XL for purification of their IgGs which were subsequently employed to isolate blood-stage parasite antigens that were inoculated to immunize BALB/c mice. The presence of specific antibodies in vaccinated mice serum was studied by immunoblot analysis at different days after vaccination and showed an intensive immune response to a wide range of antigens with molecular weight ranging between 22 and 250 kDa. The humoral response allowed delay of the infection after the inoculation to high lethal doses ofP. yoelii yoelii17XL resulting in a partial protection against malaria disease, although final survival was managed in a low proportion of challenged mice. This approach shows the potential to prevent malaria disease with a set of antigens isolated from blood-stage parasites.

scholarly journals Plasmodium yoelii Sporozoites with Simultaneous Deletion of P52 and P36 Are Completely Attenuated and Confer Sterile Immunity against Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 3758-3768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Labaied ◽  
Anke Harupa ◽  
Ronald F. Dumpit ◽  
Isabelle Coppens ◽  
Sebastian A. Mikolajczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Rodent Host ◽  
Blood Stage Infection ◽  
Stage Infection

ABSTRACT Malaria infection starts when sporozoites are transmitted to the mammalian host during a mosquito bite. Sporozoites enter the blood circulation, reach the liver, and infect hepatocytes. The formation of a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) establishes their intracellular niche. Recently, two members of the 6-Cys domain protein family, P52 and P36, were each shown to play an important albeit nonessential role in Plasmodium berghei sporozoite infectivity for the rodent host. Here, we generated p52/p36-deficient Plasmodium yoelii parasites by the simultaneous deletion of both genes using a single genetic manipulation. p52/p36-deficient parasites exhibited normal progression through the life cycle during blood-stage infection, transmission to mosquitoes, mosquito-stage development, and sporozoite infection of the salivary glands. p52/p36-deficient sporozoites also showed normal motility and cell traversal activity. However, immunofluorescence analysis and electron microscopic observations revealed that p52/p36-deficient parasites did not form a PV within hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. The p52/p36-deficient parasites localized as free entities in the host cell cytoplasm or the host cell nucleoplasm and did not develop as liver stages. Consequently, they did not cause blood-stage infections even at high sporozoite inoculation doses. Mice immunized with p52/p36-deficient sporozoites were completely protected against infectious sporozoite challenge. Our results demonstrate for the first time the generation of two-locus gene deletion-attenuated parasites that infect the liver but do not progress to blood-stage infection. The study will critically guide the design of Plasmodium falciparum live attenuated malaria vaccines.

Prolonged expression of IFNγ induced by protective blood-stage immunization against Plasmodium yoelii malaria

Vaccine ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela S Patterson ◽  
Stephen C Bosshardt ◽  
Venkatachalam Udhayukumar ◽  
Lihua Xiao ◽  
Marybeth Kidd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Blood Stage

Congenital disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Sowmiya Moorthie
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Preventative Services

Congenital disorders encompass a wide range of conditions (e.g. genetic disorders, foetal disease, and developmental disorders) that occur before birth and are an important contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Congenital disorders can be identified at different life stages and effective health services take a holistic approach to their care and prevention. This involves both population health and specialist services across the life course. Systematic collection of data on the types, prevalence, severity, and outcomes of congenital disorders, along with analysis and interpretation of data helps to inform appropriate planning of care and preventative services and activities. Important concepts in relation to congenital disorders, prevention activities, and key challenges to their effective delivery are described in this chapter.

Antigenic analysis of Giardia duodenalis strains isolated in Alberta

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 926-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Wenman ◽  
R. U. Meuser ◽  
P. M. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Protein Gel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
High Degree

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in most parts of the world. In Canada it is associated with both endemic and epidemic infections that are often transmitted by the waterborne route. Although G. duodenalis strains have been isolated from several animals, the role of other mammals in human infection is unclear. We have isolated and cultured G. duodenalis trophozoites from domestic and wild animals in Alberta and compared them with a human isolate by protein gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. All strains examined share a similar polypeptide profile and important protein antigens. Prominent antigens of 62, 52, 38, and 31 kilodaltons are conserved. The 52- and 31-kilodalton proteins are the major surface-exposed trophozoite components. The high degree of antigenic sharing among strains from different hosts suggests that there may be a wide range of potential reservoirs for G. duodenalis infections.

Plasmodium yoelii blood-stage antigens newly identified by immunoaffinity using purified IgG antibodies from malaria-resistant mice

Immunobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 217 (8) ◽  
pp. 823-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali N. Kamali ◽  
Patricia Marín-García ◽  
Isabel G. Azcárate ◽  
Amalia Diez ◽  
Antonio Puyet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Igg Antibodies

scholarly journals Architecture of the sarcomere matrix of skeletal muscle: immunoelectron microscopic evidence that suggests a set of parallel inextensible nebulin filaments anchored at the Z line.

1988 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 2199-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Wang ◽  
J Wright
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Myosin Filaments ◽  
In Series

Nebulin, a giant myofibrillar protein (600-800 kD) that is abundant (3%) in the sarcomere of a wide range of skeletal muscles, has been proposed as a component of a cytoskeletal matrix that coexists with actin and myosin filaments within the sarcomere. Immunoblot analysis indicates that although polypeptides of similar size are present in cardiac and smooth muscles at low abundance, those proteins show no immunological cross-reactivity with skeletal muscle nebulin. Gel analysis reveals that nebulins in various skeletal muscles of rabbit belong to at least two classes of size variants. A monospecific antibody has been used to localize nebulin by immunoelectron microscopy in a mechanically split rabbit psoas muscle fiber preparation. Labeled split fibers exhibit six pairs of stripes of antibody-imparted transverse densities spaced at 0.1-1.0 micron from the Z line within each sarcomere. These epitopes maintain a fixed distance to the Z line irrespective of sarcomere length and do not exhibit the characteristic elastic stretch-response of titin epitopes within the I band domain. It is proposed that nebulin constitutes a set of inextensible filaments attached at one end to the Z line and that nebulin filaments are in parallel, and not in series, with titin filaments. Thus the skeletal muscle sarcomere may have two sets of nonactomyosin filaments: a set of I segment-linked nebulin filaments and a set of A segment-linked titin filaments. This four-filament sarcomere model raises the possibility that nebulin and titin might act as organizing templates and length-determining factors for actin and myosin respectively.

scholarly journals Host-mediated impairment of parasite maturation during blood-stagePlasmodiuminfection

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (29) ◽  
pp. 7701-7706 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Khoury ◽  
Deborah Cromer ◽  
Jasmin Akter ◽  
Ismail Sebina ◽  
Trish Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Robust Adaptive

Severe malaria and associated high parasite burdens occur more frequently in humans lacking robust adaptive immunity toPlasmodium falciparum. Nevertheless, the host may partly control blood-stage parasite numbers while adaptive immunity is gradually established. Parasite control has typically been attributed to enhanced removal of parasites by the host, although in vivo quantification of this phenomenon remains challenging. We used a unique in vivo approach to determine the fate of a single cohort of semisynchronous,Plasmodium bergheiANKA- orPlasmodium yoelii17XNL-parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs) after transfusion into naive or acutely infected mice. As previously shown, acutely infected mice, with ongoing splenic and systemic inflammatory responses, controlled parasite population growth more effectively than naive controls. Surprisingly, however, this was not associated with accelerated removal of pRBCs from circulation. Instead, transfused pRBCs remained in circulation longer in acutely infected mice. Flow cytometric assessment and mathematical modeling of intraerythrocytic parasite development revealed an unexpected and substantial slowing of parasite maturation in acutely infected mice, extending the life cycle from 24 h to 40 h. Importantly, impaired parasite maturation was the major contributor to control of parasite growth in acutely infected mice. Moreover, by performing the same experiments inrag1−/−mice, which lack T and B cells and mount weak inflammatory responses, we revealed that impaired parasite maturation is largely dependent upon the host response to infection. Thus, impairment of parasite maturation represents a host-mediated, immune system-dependent mechanism for limiting parasite population growth during the early stages of an acute blood-stagePlasmodiuminfection.

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