scholarly journals An Analytic Contemplation of the Conspicuous Vicissitudes in the Histomorphology of Corpuscles of Stannius of a Freshwater CatfishMystus tengara(Hamilton, 1822) due to the Exposure of ZnS Nanoparticles

Scientifica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjana Chatterjee ◽  
Baibaswata Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Zns Nanoparticles ◽  
Corpuscles Of Stannius ◽  
Granular Cytoplasm ◽  
Enhanced Surface ◽  
Dose Dependent

Enhanced surface photooxidation property associated with the ZnS nanoparticles caused the reduction of dissolved oxygen content in water in a dose dependent manner, when ZnS nanoparticles of different sizes are exposed to the water in various concentrations. This property was more prominent for ZnS nanoparticles with smaller sizes.Mystus tengara, exposed to ZnS nanoparticles, responded to hypoxia with varied behavioural, physiological, and cellular responses in order to maintain homeostasis and organ function in an oxygen-depleted environment. The histomorphology of corpuscles of Stannius of the fish showed conspicuous vicissitudes under exposure of ZnS nanoparticles. The population of the cell type with granular cytoplasm showed significant increase at the expense of the other that consisted of agranular cytoplasm with increasing nanoparticle concentration. This can be explained as the defence mechanism of the fish against ZnS nanoparticle induced hypoxia and environmental acidification. The altering histomorphology has been studied employing an analytical approach.

scholarly journals Protopine/Gemcitabine Combination Induces Cytotoxic or Cytoprotective Effects in Cell Type-Specific and Dose-Dependent Manner on Human Cancer and Normal Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Mercedes Garcia-Gil ◽  
Benedetta Turri ◽  
Morena Gabriele ◽  
Laura Pucci ◽  
Alessandro Agnarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Natural Alkaloid ◽  
Dose Dependent

The natural alkaloid protopine (PRO) exhibits pharmacological properties including anticancer activity. We investigated the effects of PRO, alone and in combination with the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (GEM), on human tumor cell lines and non-tumor human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We found that treatments with different PRO/GEM combinations were cytotoxic or cytoprotective, depending on concentration and cell type. PRO/GEM decreased viability in pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, while it rescued the GEM-induced viability decline in HDFs and in tumor MCF-7 cells. Moreover, PRO/GEM decreased G1, S and G2/M phases, concomitantly with an increase of subG1 phase in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. Differently, PRO/GEM restored the normal progression of the cell cycle, altered by GEM, and decreased cell death in HDFs. PRO alone increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1 cells and HDFs, while PRO/GEM increased both intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in the three cell lines. These results indicate that specific combinations of PRO/GEM may be used to induce cytotoxic effects in pancreatic tumor MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, but have cytoprotective or no effects in HDFs.

scholarly journals Adenosine inhibits cytosolic calcium signals and chemotaxis in hepatic stellate cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G395-G401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardeshir Z. Hashmi ◽  
Wyel Hakim ◽  
Emma A. Kruglov ◽  
Azuma Watanabe ◽  
William Watkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Cellular Hypoxia ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Transwell System

Adenosine is produced during cellular hypoxia and apoptosis, resulting in elevated tissue levels at sites of injury. Adenosine is also known to regulate a number of cellular responses to injury, but its role in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) biology and liver fibrosis is poorly understood. We tested the effect of adenosine on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, chemotaxis, and upregulation of activation markers in HSCs. We showed that adenosine did not induce an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in LX-2 cells and, in addition, inhibited increases in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in response to ATP and PDGF. Using a Transwell system, we showed that adenosine strongly inhibited PDGF-induced HSC chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition was mediated via the A2a receptor, was reversible, was reproduced by forskolin, and was blocked by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor 2,5-dideoxyadenosine. Adenosine also upregulated the production of TGF-β and collagen I mRNA. In conclusion, adenosine reversibly inhibits Ca2+ fluxes and chemotaxis of HSCs and upregulates TGF-β and collagen I mRNA. We propose that adenosine provides 1) a “stop” signal to HSCs when they reach sites of tissue injury with high adenosine concentrations and 2) stimulates transdifferentiation of HSCs by upregulating collagen and TGF-β production.

scholarly journals Apatinib inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in PNET models

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wu ◽  
Jianjun Zhou ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Zhan Hua ◽  
Jianchen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Hypoxic Area ◽  
Metastasis Models ◽  
Dose Dependent

Angiogenesis has a pivotal role in the growth and metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Apatinib inhibits angiogenesis as a highly selective KDR inhibitor and has been used to treat advanced gastric cancer and malignancies in clinical settings. However, the efficacy of apatinib in PNETs remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the antitumor efficacy of apatinib with that of the standard PNET drug sunitinib in our subcutaneous and liver metastasis models of insulinoma and non-functional PNET. Our results revealed that apatinib had a generally comparable or even superior antitumor effect to that of sunitinib on primary PNET, and it inhibited angiogenesis without directly causing tumor cell cytotoxicity. Apatinib inhibited the tumor in a dose-dependent manner, and the high dose was well tolerated in mice. We also found that the apatinib efficacy in liver metastasis models was cell-type (disease) selective. Although apatinib efficiently inhibited INR1G9-represented non-functional PNET liver metastasis, it led to the emergence of a hypoxic area in the INS-1-represented insulinoma and promoted liver metastasis. Our study demonstrated that apatinib has promise for clinical applications in certain malignant PNETs, and the application of anti-angiogenesis drugs to benign insulinomas may require careful consideration.

scholarly journals Revelation of ZnS Nanoparticles Induces Follicular Atresia and Apoptosis in the Ovarian Preovulatory Follicles in the CatfishMystus tengara(Hamilton, 1822)

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjana Chatterjee ◽  
Baibaswata Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Zns Nanoparticles ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Dose Dependent

Important physicochemical characteristics of water like dissolved oxygen content, pH, and so forth were found to change in a dose dependent manner, showing a negative correlation with the nanoparticle concentration, when ZnS nanoparticle (NP) was exposed to water. This observation could be attributed to the enhanced photooxidation property associated with ZnS in its NP form. Under this situation, the catfishMystus tengarawas forced to live in hypoxia in its habitat. This condition was found to hamper the natural oogenesis process of the fish. Due to exposure at relatively lower concentration of ZnS NPs (250 μg/L), most of the maturing follicles ofM. tengarafailed to complete the process of vitellogenesis properly and underwent preovulatory atresia followed by oocytic apoptosis. For relatively higher concentration of ZnS nanoparticles (500 μg/L), the previtellogenic process continued with increasing number of apoptotic cells; however the vitellogenic process was found to be totally blocked. This unusual reproductive behaviour in femaleM. tengaracan be attributed to the decreased metabolism of the fishes under ZnS nanoparticle induced hypoxia.

scholarly journals Response of Cellular Innate Immunity to Cnidarian Pore-Forming Toxins

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yap ◽  
Jung Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Current View ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cellular Immune System ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Type Receptor

A group of stable, water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins constitute the pore forming toxins (PFTs) in cnidarians. They interact with membranes to physically alter the membrane structure and permeability, resulting in the formation of pores. These lesions on the plasma membrane causes an imbalance of cellular ionic gradients, resulting in swelling of the cell and eventually its rupture. Of all cnidarian PFTs, actinoporins are by far the best studied subgroup with established knowledge of their molecular structure and their mode of pore-forming action. However, the current view of necrotic action by actinoporins may not be the only mechanism that induces cell death since there is increasing evidence showing that pore-forming toxins can induce either necrosis or apoptosis in a cell-type, receptor and dose-dependent manner. In this review, we focus on the response of the cellular immune system to the cnidarian pore-forming toxins and the signaling pathways that might be involved in these cellular responses. Since PFTs represent potential candidates for targeted toxin therapy for the treatment of numerous cancers, we also address the challenge to overcoming the immunogenicity of these toxins when used as therapeutics.

Effects of Low Molecular Weight Heparin and Unfragmented Heparin on Induction of Osteoporosis in Rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mätzsch ◽  
David Bergqvist ◽  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Bo Nilsson ◽  
Per Østergaar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bone Mineral Mass ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Mineral Mass

SummaryA comparison between the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and unfragmented heparin (UH) on induction of osteoporosis was made in 60 rats treated with either UH (2 IU/ g b w), LMWH in 2 doses (2 Xal U/g or 0.4 Xal U/g) or placebo (saline) for 34 days. Studied variables were: bone mineral mass in femora; fragility of humera; zinc and calcium levels in serum and bone ash and albumin in plasma. A significant reduction in bone mineral mass was found in all heparin-treated rats. There was no difference between UH and LMWH in this respect. The effect was dose-dependent in LMWH-treated animals. The zinc contents in bone ash were decreased in all heparin-treated rats as compared with controls. No recognizable pattern was seen in alterations of zinc or calcium in serum. The fragility of the humera, tested as breaking strength did not differ between treatment groups and controls. In conclusion, if dosed according to similar factor Xa inhibitory activities, LMWH induces osteoporosis to the same extent as UH and in a dose-dependent manner. The zinc content in bone ash was decreased after heparin treatment, irrespective of type of heparin given.

Effects of NO-Donors on Thrombus Formation and Microcirculation in Cerebral Vessels of the Rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuto Sasaki ◽  
Junji Seki ◽  
John C Giddings ◽  
Junichiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Red Cell Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummarySodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), are known to liberate nitric oxide (NO). In this study the effects of SNP and SIN-1 on thrombus formation in rat cerebral arterioles and venules in vivo were assessed using a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser. SNP infused at doses from 10 Μg/kg/h significantly inhibited thrombus formation in a dose dependent manner. This inhibition of thrombus formation was suppressed by methylene blue. SIN-1 at a dose of 100 Μg/kg/h also demonstrated a significant antithrombotic effect. Moreover, treatment with SNP increased vessel diameter in a dose dependent manner and enhanced the mean red cell velocity measured with a fiber-optic laser-Doppler anemometer microscope (FLDAM). Blood flow, calculated from the mean red cell velocity and vessel diameters was increased significantly during infusion. In contrast, mean wall shear rates in the arterioles and venules were not changed by SNP infusion. The results indicated that SNP and SIN-1 possessed potent antithrombotic activities, whilst SNP increased cerebral blood flow without changing wall shear rate. The findings suggest that the NO released by SNP and SIN-1 may be beneficial for the treatment and protection of cerebral infarction

Melatonin actions in the heart; more than a hormone

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío Acuña-Castroviejo ◽  
Maria T Noguiera-Navarro ◽  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Germaine Escames
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Extrapineal Melatonin ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Due to the broad distribution of extrapineal melatonin in multiple organs and tissues, we analyzed the presence and subcellular distribution of the indoleamine in the heart of rats. Groups of sham-operated and pinealectomized rats were sacrificed at different times along the day, and the melatonin content in myocardial cell membranes, cytosol, nuclei and mitochondria, were measured. Other groups of control animals were treated with different doses of melatonin to monitor its intracellular distribution. The results show that melatonin levels in the cell membrane, cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria vary along the day, without showing a circadian rhythm. Pinealectomized animals trend to show higher values than sham-operated rats. Exogenous administration of melatonin yields its accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in all subcellular compartments analyzed, with maximal concentrations found in cell membranes at doses of 200 mg/kg bw melatonin. Interestingly, at dose of 40 mg/kg b.w, maximal concentration of melatonin was reached in the nucleus and mitochondrion. The results confirm previous data in other rat tissues including liver and brain, and support that melatonin is not uniformly distributed in the cell, whereas high doses of melatonin may be required for therapeutic purposes.

Evaluating the Proposed Mechanism by Which Atorvastatin Can Protect Renal Tissue against Contrast Media: An Animal study

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Media Group

Contrast- induced nephropathy (CIN) is an elevation of serum creatinine of ≥ 0.5 mg/dL from baseline after two to three days of exposure to contrast substance if there is no other cause for acute kidney injury. Atorvastatin may protect normal kidney physiology from contrast- induced kidney injury by effects unrelated to hypolipidemia termed pleiotropic effect by decline of endothelin production, angiotensin system down regulation, and under expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. This study was conducted to assess the strategy by which atorvastatin can achieve protective effect for kidneys after exposure to contrast media in an animal model. A 40 male rats were distributed randomly into 4 groups; ten rats for each: group (1): given normal saline; group (2): CIN group given iopromide as contrast media; group (3): given atorvastatin (20mg/kg) and iopromide; and group (4): given atorvastatin (40mg/kg) and iopromide. Blood collected by cardiac puncture for detection of serum glutathione, malondialdehyde, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and interleukin-18. The results have shown a significant increase in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in contrast media group, and significant reduction in these markers in atorvastatin treated groups, in a dose-dependent manner. As conclusion, atorvastatin mechanism for protection against CIN in a dose-dependent manner can mediate by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

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