scholarly journals Integration of Heterogeneous Devices and Communication Models via the Cloud in the Constrained Internet of Things

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floris Van den Abeele ◽  
Jeroen Hoebeke ◽  
Ingrid Moerman ◽  
Piet Demeester
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Communication Methods ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

As the Internet of Things continues to expand in the coming years, the need for services that span multiple IoT application domains will continue to increase in order to realize the efficiency gains promised by the IoT. Today, however, service developers looking to add value on top of existing IoT systems are faced with very heterogeneous devices and systems. These systems implement a wide variety of network connectivity options, protocols (proprietary or standards-based), and communication methods all of which are unknown to a service developer that is new to the IoT. Even within one IoT standard, a device typically has multiple options for communicating with others. In order to alleviate service developers from these concerns, this paper presents a cloud-based platform for integrating heterogeneous constrained IoT devices and communication models into services. Our evaluation shows that the impact of our approach on the operation of constrained devices is minimal while providing a tangible benefit in service integration of low-resource IoT devices. A proof of concept demonstrates the latter by means of a control and management dashboard for constrained devices that was implemented on top of the presented platform. The results of our work enable service developers to more easily implement and deploy services that span a wide variety of IoT application domains.

A Scalable Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Belli ◽  
Simone Cirani ◽  
Luca Davoli ◽  
Gianluigi Ferrari ◽  
Lorenzo Melegari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Smart Objects ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Cloud Architecture ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Processing Platform ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

The Internet of Things (IoT) will consist of billions (50 billions by 2020) of interconnected heterogeneous devices denoted as “Smart Objects:” tiny, constrained devices which are going to be pervasively deployed in several contexts. To meet low-latency requirements, IoT applications must rely on specific architectures designed to handle the gigantic stream of data coming from Smart Objects. This paper propose a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications that can efficiently handle data coming from Smart Objects through a Graph-based processing platform and deliver processed data to consumer applications with low latency. The authors reverse the traditional “Big Data” paradigm, where real-time constraints are not considered, and introduce the new “Big Stream” paradigm, which better fits IoT scenarios. The paper provides a performance evaluation of a practical open-source implementation of the proposed architecture. Other practical aspects, such as security considerations, and possible business oriented exploitation plans are presented.

A Novel Insider Attack and Machine Learning Based Detection for the Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Morshed Chowdhury ◽  
Biplob Ray ◽  
Sujan Chowdhury ◽  
Sutharshan Rajasegarar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Insider Attack ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Due to the widespread functional benefits, such as supporting internet connectivity, having high visibility and enabling easy connectivity between sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become popular and used in many applications, such as for smart city, smart health, smart home, and smart vehicle realizations. These IoT-based systems contribute to both daily life and business, including sensitive and emergency situations. In general, the devices or sensors used in the IoT have very limited computational power, storage capacity, and communication capabilities, but they help to collect a large amount of data as well as maintain communication with the other devices in the network. Since most of the IoT devices have no physical security, and often are open to everyone via radio communication and via the internet, they are highly vulnerable to existing and emerging novel security attacks. Further, the IoT devices are usually integrated with the corporate networks; in this case, the impact of attacks will be much more significant than operating in isolation. Due to the constraints of the IoT devices, and the nature of their operation, existing security mechanisms are less effective for countering the attacks that are specific to the IoT-based systems. This article presents a new insider attack, named loophole attack , that exploits the vulnerabilities present in a widely used IPv6 routing protocol in IoT-based systems, called RPL (Routing over Low Power and Lossy Networks). To protect the IoT system from this insider attack, a machine learning based security mechanism is presented. The proposed attack has been implemented using a Contiki IoT operating system that runs on the Cooja simulator, and the impacts of the attack are analyzed. Evaluation on the collected network traffic data demonstrates that the machine learning based approaches, along with the proposed features, help to accurately detect the insider attack from the network traffic data.

scholarly journals Influence of Montoring: Fog and Edge Computing

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Prasad ◽  
Madhuri D Bhavsar ◽  
Sudeep Tanwar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
The World ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Edge And Fog Computing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) has augmented the necessity for Cloud, edge and fog platforms. The chief benefit of cloud-based schemes is they allow data to be collected from numerous services and sites, which is reachable from any place of the world. The organizations will be benefited by merging the cloud platform with the on-site fog networks and edge devices and as result, this will increase the utilization of the IoT devices and end users too. The network traffic will reduce as data will be distributed and this will also improve the operational efficiency. The impact of monitoring in edge and fog computing can play an important role to efficiently utilize the resources available at these layers. This paper discusses various techniques involved for monitoring for edge and fog computing and its advantages. The paper ends with a case study to demonstarte the need of monitoring in fog and edge in the healthcare system.

scholarly journals Middleware Solutions for the Internet of Things: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT), along with its wider variants including numerous technologies, things, and people: the Internet of Everything (IoE) and the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), are considered as part of the Internet of the future and ubiquitous computing allowing the communication among billions of smart devices and objects, and have recently drawn a very significant research attention. In these approaches, there are varieties of heterogeneous devices empowered by new capabilities and interacting with each other to achieve specific applications in different domains. A middleware layer is therefore required to abstract the physical layer details of the smart IoT devices and ease the complex and challenging task of developing multiple backend applications. In this chapter, an overview of IoT technologies, architecture, and main applications is given first and then followed by a comprehensive survey on the most recently used and proposed middleware solutions designed for IoT networks. In addition, open issues in IoT middleware design and future works in the field of middleware development are highlighted.

scholarly journals Secure Communications for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3637
Author(s):  
Abd-Elhamid M. Taha ◽  
Abdulmonem M. Rashwan ◽  
Hossam S. Hassanein
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Secure Communications ◽  
Message Authentication ◽  
Authentication Codes ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

The importance of securing communications on the Internet of Things (IoT) cannot be overstated. This is especially the case in light of the increasing proliferation of IoT devices and instances, as well as the growing dependence on their usage. Meanwhile, there have recently been mounting concerns over a wide array of vulnerabilities in IoT communications. The objective of this work is to address constraints in IoT devices that are “resource-constrained”, which are devices that are limited in terms of computing, energy, communication, or range capabilities, whether in terms of nominal or temporal limitations. Specifically, we propose a framework for resource-aiding constrained devices to facilitate secure communication. Without loss of generalization, the framework’s viability is illustrated by focusing on a group of security functions that utilize message authentication codes, which is a strongly representative example of resource-intensive security functions. Aspects of the framework are further demonstrated in processing cores commonly used in commercial IoT devices.

scholarly journals Efficient Byzantine Consensus Mechanism Based on Reputation in IoT Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xu Yuan ◽  
Fang Luo ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Haider ◽  
Zhikui Chen ◽  
Yucheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Reliability And Robustness ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Blockchain technology has advanced rapidly in recent years and is now widely used in a variety of fields. Blockchain appears to be one of the best solutions for managing massive heterogeneous devices while achieving advanced data security and data reputation, particularly in the field of large-scale IoT (Internet of Things) networks. Despite the numerous advantages, there are still challenges while deploying IoT applications on blockchain systems due to the limited storage, power, and computing capability of IoT devices, and some of these problems are caused by the consensus algorithm, which plays a significant role in blockchain systems by ensuring overall system reliability and robustness. Nonetheless, most existing consensus algorithms are prone to poor node reliability, low transaction per second (TPS) rates, and scalability issues. Aiming at some critical problems in the existing consensus algorithms, this paper proposes the Efficient Byzantine Reputation-based Consensus (EBRC) mechanism to resolve the issues raised above. In comparison to traditional algorithms, we reinvented ways to evaluate node reliability and robustness and manage active nodes. Our experiments show that the EBRC algorithm has lower consensus delay, higher throughput, improved security, and lower verification costs. It offers new reference ideas for solving the Internet of Things+blockchain+Internet court construction problem.

scholarly journals Impact of Internet of Things in the Healthcare Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2106-2114
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Health Care Employees ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The internet of things concept had infiltrated nearly every field of our life, however, its cutting edge impact in the healthcare industry has been momentous. With tremendous penetration of Mobile health, the functionality of IoT in the healthcare industry had drastically increased. In the research, a systemic literature review was conducted to study the impact of IoT applications in the healthcare industry by analyzing the current and future research work in the field, more focusing on security and privacy in health IoT devices and how it affects different levels of health care employees and consumers’ adoption towards IoT in the health care industry. The study reports research papers, which were included, based on the further filtering process by title, contents, and abstract. A total of 232 primary up-to-date studies were included in the review study. These papers were analyzed according to the research questions defined in the study.

scholarly journals Post-Quantum Group-Oriented Authentication in IoT

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-413
Author(s):  
E. B. Aleksandrova ◽  
А. А. Shtyrkina ◽  
A. V. Yarmak
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Quantum Group ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Authentication Protocols ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

The Internet of Things may include sensors, actuators, analyzers, logical controllers, which together form distributed network of heterogeneous devices. Group-based approach to authentication may be relevant when the number of nodes is very large and there are constrained devices among them. Post-quantum schemes as candidates in NIST competition are considered. Lattices are chosen as best candidates for building group-oriented schemes for IoT due to high performance, relatively small key sizes, well researched mathematical problem. To give flexibility to the lattice-based group-oriented authentication protocols, the basis delegation mechanism was considered as an approach that takes into account the hierarchy in the Internet of Things systems.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive and Systematic Survey on the Internet of Things: Security and Privacy Challenges, Security Frameworks, Enabling Technologies, Threats, Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures

Computers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muath A. Obaidat ◽  
Suhaib Obeidat ◽  
Jennifer Holst ◽  
Abdullah Al Hayajneh ◽  
Joseph Brown
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced constant growth in the number of devices deployed and the range of applications in which such devices are used. They vary widely in size, computational power, capacity storage, and energy. The explosive growth and integration of IoT in different domains and areas of our daily lives has created an Internet of Vulnerabilities (IoV). In the rush to build and implement IoT devices, security and privacy have not been adequately addressed. IoT devices, many of which are highly constrained, are vulnerable to cyber attacks, which threaten the security and privacy of users and systems. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of IoT in regard to areas of application, security architecture frameworks, recent security and privacy issues in IoT, as well as a review of recent similar studies on IoT security and privacy. In addition, the paper presents a comprehensive taxonomy of attacks on IoT based on the three-layer architecture model; perception, network, and application layers, as well as a suggestion of the impact of these attacks on CIA objectives in representative devices, are presented. Moreover, the study proposes mitigations and countermeasures, taking a multi-faceted approach rather than a per layer approach. Open research areas are also covered to provide researchers with the most recent research urgent questions in regard to securing IoT ecosystem.

scholarly journals A survey on secured internet of things architecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.7) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ms U. Harita ◽  
K V.DayaSagar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Security Of Iot

The Internet of Things (IoT) introduces an inventive and perceptive of a future Internet where users, computing systems, and everyday items owning sensing and actuating abilities cooperate with unique comfort and financial advantages. Many heterogeneous devices get connected and contribute to the IoT and are known as things.Internet of Things (IoT) enables these things to correspond, compute and make decisions on the network. In such a heterogeneous environment, every user of IoT will have a unique purpose to be served in the form of communication and computation. There is a threat that a malicious user can demolish the security and privacy of the network. Hence any application in the environment of IoT is prone to various attacks and threats. At this point, security becomes a high priority in IoT. To ensure security, care must be taken to guarantee confidentiality, authenticity, data integrity and non-repudiation. In this paperaddress various conventional techniques for providing security of IoT devices and present analysis of existing solutions for IoT. Firstly, as security will be a fundamental allowing thing of most IoT applications, mechanisms must also be designed to defend communications enabled by such technologies. Later, we identify some suitable security algorithms.

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