scholarly journals Adsorption of Polymeric Additives Based on Vinyl Acetate Copolymers as Wax Dispersant and Its Relevance to Polymer Crystallization Mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman M. Atta ◽  
Rasha A. El-Ghazawy ◽  
Fatma A. Morsy ◽  
Ali M. S. Hebishy ◽  
Abdullah Elmorsy
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Flow Improver

The present work has main target to study the effect of additives molecular weight and composition on the flow characteristics of wax crude oil at low temperature below pour point temperature. In this respect, maleic anhydride ester-co-vinyl acetate copolymers with varied monomers feed ratios and different alkyl ester lengths, namely, dodecyl, stearyl, and behenyl alkyl chains, were prepared. These polymeric materials were characterized by FTIR,1HNMR, and GPC. The performance of these additives as pour point depressants and flow improver for Egyptian waxy crude oil was evaluated through measurements of pour point and rheological parameters (viscosity and yield stress). It was observed that stearyl maleate-vinyl acetate copolymer with 1 : 2 feed ratio shows the best efficiency as pour point depressant even at low concentration while octadecyl maleate-vinyl acetate copolymers with 2 : 1 feed ratio are effective as flow improver.

Pour Point Depressant(PPD) and Flow Improver Additives (FIA) of Crude Oil and its Study Method Progress

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1844-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Wen Fa Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Flow Improver

The situation of low temperature crude oil pipeline carrying is universal. The rapid developing of pipe line supposes higher asking on new carrying technology. The problem of long distance carrying at normal temperature of high waxy crude oil is impel to resolve and its potential social economic profit is obvious. As the pipeline is designed at high production period of field so there must have low carrying situation at beginning and ending time. At the situation the high waxy crude oil and high pour point crude oil will face on great resistance and blockage problem. Further more the pipeline has to make great energy expense on high temperature carrying. So take new carrying technology to realize atmosphere temperature carrying is crucial of resolving low temperature carrying. The method of adding chemical pour point depressant(PPD)/flow improver additives (FIA) into crude oil directly was widely used at present. The progress of the additives and its study methods was summarized in the paper and supply some reference for the technology of PPD/FIA.

Application of Synthesized Novel Biodegradable Pour-Point Depressant from Natural Source on Flow Assurance of Indian Waxy Crude Oil and Comparative Studies with Commercial Pour-Point Depressant

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Biswadeep Pal ◽  
Tarun Kumar Naiya
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Point Depressant

Summary Pour-point depressants (PPDs) were synthesized from natural sources and used in waxy crude oil transportation to reduce the pour point and improve flow. A biodegradable PPD (BPPD) was synthesized and tested to mitigate crude oil flow assurance problems in the present work. The transesterification process was used to synthesize coconut oil ethyl ester (COEE, termed as BPPD). Fourier transform electron spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), and microscopic analysis were performed for better understanding of mechanisms for both BPPD and a commercially available PPD named PPD-A. The pour point of crude oil was reduced by 12 and 9°C after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD and PPD-A, respectively. The microscopic analysis confirms that the crystals of wax converted to very fine and dispersed particles during mixing of additives, which in turn increase flowability. BPPD performs better to reduce interfacial tension than PPD-A. The maximum reduction of 19% in interfacial tension was observed after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD. BPPD alters the wettability of the pipeline surface from intermediate wet to water-wet within 60 seconds, which results in reduced slip velocity and consequently lessens the deposition of wax. As a result, crude oils will not stick to the wall of the pipe surface and will experience less resistance to flow through pipelines. FTIR analysis indicated that long-chain alkane and aromatic groups are responsible for a higher pour point, and their concentration level was reduced after the addition of BPPD. The viscosity of crude oil was reduced by almost 94% after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD with crude oil, which in turn minimizes pumping costs for crude oil. As a result, the total project cost was reduced substantially. Biodegradability tests confirm that the BPPD is biodegradable and nontoxic. Due to its biodegradability and nontoxic nature, BPPD has a promising capacity to be used in the petroleum industry for easier pipeline transportation of waxy crude.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Grafted EVAL as Pour Point Depressant for Waxy Crude Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (25) ◽  
pp. 8612-8619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongwen Ren ◽  
Long Fang ◽  
Zhaojun Chen ◽  
Hui Du ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Point Depressant

Advances in the research of polymeric pour point depressant for waxy crude oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
GuoLiang Mao ◽  
XianZhi Shi ◽  
ShiWei Tian ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Pour Point Depressant ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Point Depressant

Improving Flow Assurance for a Waxy West African Crude Oil via Collaborative Development and Implementation of a Novel Pour Point Depressant Solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Meister ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Moin Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Point Depressant

Abstract An improved flow assurance solution based on a new additive with robust performance, low treat rate and versatile handling properties was developed successfully. It was applied in a waxy crude oil from West Africa with high pour point and a wax content of about 24%. Crucial for the project success was a close collaboration among all involved stakeholders from operator, service company and chemical supplier. In the initial lab screening by the chemical supplier, tests focused on pour point, viscosity and yield stress. This approach allowed to identify the most efficient type of additive chemistry for the specific crude oil and to meet target performance requirements. Crude oil viscosity and yield stress under pipeline operation conditions could be reduced by more than 95% while reducing the required amount of additive by more than 75% compared to the incumbent solution. This resulted in significant cost savings for the operator and in a reduction of the Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) exposure.

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