scholarly journals Study of Posterior Cerebral Artery in Human Cadaveric Brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gunnal ◽  
M. S. Farooqui ◽  
R. N. Wabale
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Mean Diameter

Objective. Basilar artery (BA) terminates in right and left posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs). Each PCA supplies respective occipital lobe of the cerebrum. The present study is designed to know the morphology, morphometry, branching pattern, and symmetry of PCA. Methods. The study included 340 PCAs dissected from 170 human cadaveric brains. Results. Morphological variations of P1 segment included, aplasia (2.35%), hypoplasia (5.29%), duplication (2.35%), fenestration (1.17%), and common trunk shared with SCA (1.76%). Morphological variations of origin of P2 segment included direct origin of it from BA (1.17%) and ICA (2.35%). Unusually, two P2 segments, each arising separately from BA and ICA, were observed in 1.17%. Unilateral two P2 segments from CW were found in 0.58%. Morphological variations of course of P2 were duplication (0.58%), fenestration (0.58%), and aneurysm (1.76%). Unilateral P2 either adult or fetal was seen in 4.71%. The group II branching pattern was found to be most common. Asymmetry of P2 was 40%. Morphometry of P2 revealed mean length of 52 mm and mean diameter of 2.7 mm. Conclusion. The present study provides the complete anatomical description of PCA regarding morphology, morphometry, symmetry, and its branching pattern. Awareness of these variations is likely to be useful in cerebrovascular procedures.

scholarly journals Anatomical variations of the superior cerebellar artery: A cadaveric study at the University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1789-1796
Author(s):  
Mickey Banda ◽  
Caswell Hachabizwa ◽  
Joseph Hainza ◽  
Sikhanyiso Mutemwa ◽  
Krikor Erzingastian
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Artery ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Cerebellar Artery

The superior cerebellar artery usually arises from the terminal end of the basilar artery. It may also originate from the posterior cerebral artery and or from a common trunk with the posterior cerebral artery. The anatomical variations of superior cerebellar artery show ethnic differences, but there are few reports on African populations in particular none from Zambia. Variations of the superior cerebellar artery might cause compression symptoms of cranial nerves III, IV and V. Furthermore, the presence of such variations has been considered to be a factor in the aetiology of  aneurysms and thrombus formation leading to cerebellar infarcts. The objectives of the study were to explore anatomical variations on the origin of the superior cerebellar artery; to measure the outer diameter at its origin and the length of superior cerebellar artery to its first bifurcation; to establish the presence of duplication , triplication , hypoplasia , agenesis , fenestration and any other anomalies that were detectable. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 46 post-mortem human cadaveric brains were systematically sampled. A total of 113 superior cerebellar arteries were identified in 42 male and four female cadavers of age ranging between 18 and 65 years (mean 34.05±9.237mm). Superior cerebellar artery arose from the basilar artery as a single vessel in 49.5%, the common trunk arose in 6.2% and posterior cerebral artery origin was seen in 5.7%. Overall duplication of the superior cerebellar artery was seen in 35.5% and triplication in 5.3%. Nineteen (16.8%) of the superior cerebellar arteries were hypoplastic (less than 1mm) and ninety-four (83.2%) were normal. The diameter of the superior cerebellar artery at its origin ranged 0.25mm to 2.48mm (mean 1.42±0.54mm). The length of the superior cerebellar artery to its first bifurcation ranged from 3.77mm to 33.53mm (mean 21.92±7.40mm). Statistically, gender had no significant association of superior cerebellar artery variations (p>0.05). This knowledge will improvediagnosis and management of patients with vascular disorders of the posterior circulation. The newly identified patterns could be a contribution to the SCA classification system. Key words: Superior cerebellar artery, duplication, triplication and hypoplasia

Rupture of a giant basilar aneurysm after saphenous vein interposition graft to the posterior cerebral artery

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto C. Heros ◽  
Ali M. Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Saphenous Vein Graft ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Giant Aneurysm ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysm ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Posterior

✓ A patient with a giant aneurysm of the top of the basilar artery presented with severe progressive symptoms of brain-stem compression. There was inadequate collateral circulation to the upper basilar system. She underwent exploration of the aneurysm and, after it was found to be impossible to clip, a tourniquet was placed on the basilar artery for future occlusion with the patient awake. A saphenous vein graft was interposed between the left external carotid and the left posterior cerebral arteries. The previously unruptured aneurysm bled fatally 36 hours after surgery, just before intended occlusion of the basilar artery.

Artery of Percheron occlusion with first-pass recanalisation of the first segment of posterior cerebral artery

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e237968
Author(s):  
Sherif Elsayed ◽  
Ali Al Balushi ◽  
Alexander Schupper ◽  
Hazem Shoirah
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Diffusion Restriction ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Artery Of Percheron ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Pass

This is an elderly patient who was found unconscious at home. CT of the head without contrast was unremarkable, while CT angiography of the head and neck revealed a subocclusive thrombus on the precommunicating (P1) segment of the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA). MRI brain revealed bilateral regions of diffusion restriction in the paramedian thalami and bilateral medial mesencephalon. Initial angiography confirmed the presence of a subocclusive thrombus in the P1 segment of the left PCA. Thrombectomy was performed achieving recanalisation of the left PCA and reperfusion of bilateral thalami via a visualised artery of Percheron. Postoperatively, the patient was kept on a daily dose of 325 mg of aspirin. The patient did not improve neurologically. A follow-up MRI brain showed diffusion restriction in the left occipital lobe and petechial haemorrhages in the bilateral thalami. The family eventually opted for palliative measures, and the patient expired on day 14 of admission due to acute respiratory failure from palliative extubating.

scholarly journals The mean velocity of posterior cerebral artery and basilar artery in Parkinson's disease with sleep disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 100207
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Basri ◽  
Ida Farida ◽  
Yudy Goysal ◽  
Jumraini Tammasse ◽  
Muhammad Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
The Mean

Doppler evaluation of the posterior cerebral artery in fetuses with transposition of great arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Ya Tan ◽  
Shi Zeng ◽  
YuShan Liu ◽  
HuaYu Tang ◽  
BaiHua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Transposition Of Great Arteries ◽  
Velocity Time Integral ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Doppler Evaluation

AbstractObjectiveTo observe Doppler ultrasound changes in the two segments of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in fetuses with transposition of the great arteries (TGA).MethodsThe peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and velocity-time integral (VTI) of the two segments of PCA (the first segment: PCAS1, the second segment: PCAS2) and of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were compared in TGA fetuses and normal fetuses. The abnormality rate between the PCAS1-PI and MCA-PI was compared in TGA fetuses.ResultsThe PCAS1-PI and MCA-PI were smaller in the TGA fetuses than in the controls (all P < 0.05), but the PCAS2-PI was unchanged (P > 0.05). The MCA-VTI, PCAS1-VTI, and PCAS2-VTI were larger in the TGA fetuses (all P < 0.05). In the TGA fetuses, the abnormality rate of the PCAS1-PI was significantly higher than that of the MCA-PI (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn fetuses with TGA, there were hemodynamic differences between the two segments of the posterior cerebral arteries. Moreover, PCAS1 exhibited signs of vasodilatation more obviously than did the MCA in fetuses with TGA.

scholarly journals Transcranial Doppler Enhanced Thrombolysis for Embolic Occlusion of Major Cerebral Arteries

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
T. Yamanome ◽  
M. Sasoh ◽  
Y. Kubo ◽  
Y. Nishikawa ◽  
H. Endoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Haemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Good Outcome

For the treatment of 11 patients with hyperacute embolic occlusion of major cerebral arteries (ten with occlusion of middle cerebral artery and one with occlusion of basilar artery), TCD-enhanced thrombolysis (TCDET) was performed in combination with ultrasound irradiation, using diagnostic transcranial Doppler (TCD) (TC2-64B: 2MHz, 100mW/cm2, pulsed wave) (TCDET group), and the effectiveness of this procedure was compared with that of local intra-arterial fibrinolysis (LIF) in 45 patients with embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (LIF group). Regarding dose of TPA, the LIF group used 1046.7 ± 607.8 units and the TCDET group 700.0 ± 431.3 units (p < 0.05). Regarding time technically required to attain recanalization, the LIF group required 68.2 minutes, and the TCDET group 28.6 minutes. A good outcome was noted in 60.8% of the LIF group and 64% of the TCDET group. Haemorrhagic transformation was observed in 7.8% of the LIF group and in 0% of the TCDET group. No complications due to TCD irradiation were observed in the TCDET group. These findings suggest that TCDET can be an effective method of achieving recanalization.

scholarly journals 5-French SOFIA: Safe Access and Support in the Anterior Cerebral Artery, Posterior Cerebral Artery, and Insular Middle Cerebral Artery

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley A. Gross ◽  
William J. Ares ◽  
Cynthia L. Kenmuir ◽  
Ashutosh P. Jadhav ◽  
Tudor G. Jovin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunt ◽  
Carotid Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Case Type ◽  
Inner Diameter

Introduction: Distal access catheters are an infrequent focus of technical notes in neurointervention. The 5-French SOFIA’s unique design allows for compatibility with 6-French guide catheters, while its supple construction allows for remarkably distal access for a catheter with a 0.055-inch inner diameter. Methods: The authors reviewed a prospectively maintained endovascular database for cases utilizing the 5-French SOFIA from February 2017 through November 2017. Case type, SOFIA location, microcatheter used, and catheter-related complications were noted. Results: Over the evaluated period, the 5-French SOFIA was utilized in 33 cases, including 13 aneurysm treatments, 10 arteriovenous shunt embolizations, 5 stroke thrombectomies, and 5 other cases. Of 5 flow diversion cases, 1 was for a symptomatic cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm necessitating transradial access, another for a ruptured A3 aneurysm, and another for a middle cerebral artery (M2) aneurysm; 2 were more proximal aneurysms. Thrombectomies were for M2 (n = 3) or A2 (n = 2) occlusions. In all cases, the 5-French SOFIA reached its anticipated distal target without complication or the need to utilize a smaller/alternative catheter. Of these 33 cases, there were 10 cases of distal SOFIA target locations: 6 M2/M3, 3 anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), and 1 posterior cerebral artery (PCA). M2/M3 and PCA catheterization was achieved over 2.1-Fr microcatheters; ACA catheterization employed a 2.9-Fr microcatheter for pipeline embolization and a deployed stentriever in the setting of two thrombectomies. Conclusion: The 5-French SOFIA can be safely utilized for distal, superselective catheterization in the context of complex neurointervention, including aneurysm and arteriovenous shunt embolization and distal thrombectomy.

Neurogenically evoked cerebral artery constriction is mediated by neuropeptide Y

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1086-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Laher ◽  
Peter Germann ◽  
John A. Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Nerve Endings ◽  
Transmural Stimulation ◽  
Basilar Arteries ◽  
Neurogenic Vasoconstriction ◽  
Stimulation Of

We examined the proposal that neuropeptide Y (NPY) released from nerve endings constricts cerebral arteries. Neurogenic vasoconstriction of rabbit basilar arteries is of adrenergic origin but is resistant to blockade by classical α-adrenoceptor antagonists. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive contractions of the rabbit basilar artery were elicited by transmural stimulation of nerves. The contractions were inhibited by incubation of tissues with an antiserum to NPY (0.32 μL undiluted immune serum/mL); addition of prazosin (0.1 μM) did not further attenuate the nerve-mediated contraction. The antiserum to NPY also antagonized vasoconstriction due to exogenously administered NPY and was without effect on responses due to histamine or angiotensin. Our results indicate that neurogenic vasoconstriction of the rabbit basilar artery is largely due to the release of NPY and that it is unlikely that other vasoconstrictors contribute significantly to the increased tone.Key words: cerebral artery, nerves, neuropeptide Y, norepinephrine.

Mechanics of large and small cerebral arteries in chronic hypertension

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. H1027-H1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hajdu ◽  
G. L. Baumbach
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

The goal of this study was to investigate factors that contribute to reductions in internal diameter of large and small cerebral arteries during chronic hypertension. We measured diameter of second- and third-order branches of the posterior cerebral artery in vitro during maximal dilation with EDTA in 6-mo-old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP, n = 7) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 7). Cross-sectional area of the vessel wall, measured histologically, was not significantly different at 70 mmHg in SHRSP and WKY in large or small branches of posterior cerebral artery. In large branches of posterior cerebral artery, external and internal diameters were significantly less at 70 mmHg in SHRSP than in WKY, whereas external and internal diameters converged at 0 mmHg in the two groups of rats. In small branches, on the other hand, external and internal diameters were significantly less at all levels of intravascular pressure in SHRSP than in WKY. The stress-strain relation in posterior cerebral artery of SHRSP was shifted to the left in large branches and to the right in small branches, which indicates that distensibility was reduced in large cerebral arteries of SHRSP and increased in small cerebral arteries. These findings suggest that different mechanisms are responsible for impairment of maximal dilator capacity in large and small cerebral arteries of SHRSP: reduced distensibility in large arteries and remodeling with reduced external diameter in small arteries. Furthermore the findings provide additional support for the concept that hypertrophy may not be a primary factor in impaired maximal dilation.

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