scholarly journals Increased Standardised Incidence Ratio of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Taiwanese Asbestos Workers: A 29-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Kuan Lin ◽  
Yu-Ying Chang ◽  
Jung-Der Wang ◽  
Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Incident Cases

Objective. This paper aimed to determine the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in workers exposed to asbestos in Taiwan.Methods. All workers employed in asbestos-related factories and registered by the Bureau of Labour Insurance between 1 March, 1950, and 31 December, 1989, were included in the study and were followed from 1 January, 1980, through 31 December, 2009. Incident cases of all cancers, including MPM (ICD-9 code: 163), were obtained from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. SIRs were calculated based on comparison with the incidence rate of the general population of Taiwan and adjusted for age, calendar period, sex, and duration of employment.Results. The highest SIR of MPM was found for male workers first employed before 1979, with a time since first employment more than 30 years (SIR 4.52, 95% CI: 2.25–8.09). After consideration of duration of employment, the SIR for male MPM was 5.78 (95% CI: 1.19–16.89) for the workers employed for more than 20 years in asbestos-related factories.Conclusions. This study corroborates the association between occupational asbestos exposure and MPM. The highest risk of MPM was found among male asbestos workers employed before 1979 and working for more than 20 years in asbestos-related factories.

scholarly journals Simultaneous temporal trends in dementia incidence and prevalence, 2005–2013: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Saskatchewan, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie G. Kosteniuk ◽  
Debra G. Morgan ◽  
Megan E. O'Connell ◽  
Andrew Kirk ◽  
Margaret Crossley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Administrative Health Databases ◽  
Incident Cases

ABSTRACTBackground:Original studies published over the last decade regarding time trends in dementia report mixed results. The aims of the present study were to use linked administrative health data for the province of Saskatchewan for the period 2005/2006 to 2012/2013 to: (1) examine simultaneous temporal trends in annual age- and sex-specific dementia incidence and prevalence among individuals aged 45 and older, and (2) stratify the changes in incidence over time by database of identification.Methods:Using a population-based retrospective cohort study design, data were extracted from seven provincial administrative health databases linked by a unique anonymized identification number. Individuals 45 years and older at first identification of dementia between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2013 were included, based on case definition criteria met within any one of four administrative health databases (hospital, physician, prescription drug, and long-term care).Results:Between 2005/2006 and 2012/2013, the 12-month age-standardized incidence rate of dementia declined significantly by 11.07% and the 12-month age-standardized prevalence increased significantly by 30.54%. The number of incident cases decreased from 3,389 to 3,270 and the number of prevalent cases increased from 8,795 to 13,012. Incidence rate reductions were observed in every database of identification.Conclusions:We observed a simultaneous trend of decreasing incidence and increasing prevalence of dementia over a relatively short 8-year time period from 2005/2006 to 2012/2013. These trends indicate that the average survival time of dementia is lengthening. Continued observation of these time trends is warranted given the short study period.

scholarly journals Pre-Existing Lymphopenia Increases the Risk of Hospitalization and Death after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Riccardo Garbo ◽  
Francesca Valent ◽  
Gian Luigi Gigli ◽  
Mariarosaria Valente
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Limited Information

There is limited information regarding the severity of COVID-19 in immunocompromized patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study considering the period from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2020 to determine whether previously existing lymphopenia increases the risk of hospitalization and death after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population. The laboratory and hospital discharge databases of the Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale were used, and 5415 subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 and with at least one recent absolute lymphocyte count determination before SARS-CoV-2 positivity were included. In total, 817 (15.1%) patients had severe COVID-19. Patients developing severe COVID-19 were more frequently males (44.9% of the severe COVID-19 group vs. 41.5% in the non-severe COVID-19 group; p < 0.0001) and were older (73.2 ± 13.8 vs. 58.4 ± 20.3 years; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, 29.9% of the lymphopenic patients developed severe COVID-19 vs. 14.5% of the non-lymphopenic patients (p < 0.0001). In a logistic regression model, female sex remained a protective factor (OR = 0.514, 95%CI 0.438–0.602, p < 0.0001), while age and lymphopenia remained risk factors for severe COVID-19 (OR = 1.047, 95%CI 1.042–1.053, p < 0.0001 for each additional year of age; OR = 1.715, 95%CI 1.239–2.347, p = 0.0011 for lymphopenia). This provides further information to stratify the risk of COVID-19 severity, which may be an important element in the management of immunosuppressive therapies.

scholarly journals Outcomes following feeding gastrostomy (FG) insertion in patients with learning disability: a retrospective cohort study using the health improvement network (THIN) database

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e026714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R Harvey ◽  
Tom Thomas ◽  
Joht Singh Chandan ◽  
Neeraj Bhala ◽  
Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Health Improvement Network

ObjectivesTo measure the rates of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and mortality following feeding gastrostomy (FG) placement in patients with learning disability (LD). Following this to compare these rates between those having LRTI prior to FG placement and those with no recent LRTI.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsThe study population included patients with LD undergoing FG placement in the ‘The Health Improvement Network’ database. Patients with LRTI in the year prior (LYP) to their FG placement were compared with patients without a history of LRTI in the year prior (non-LYP) to FG placement. FG placement and LD were identified using Read codes previously developed by an expert panel.Main outcome measuresIncidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing LRTI and mortality following FG, comparing patients with LRTI in the year prior to FG placement to patients without a history of LRTI.Results214 patients with LD had a FG inserted including 743.4 person years follow-up. 53.7% were males and the median age was 27.6 (IQR 19.6 to 38.6) years. 27.1% were in the LYP patients. 18.7% had a LRTI in the year following FG, with an estimated incidence rate of 254 per 1000-person years. Over the study period the incidence rate of LRTI in LYP patients was 369 per 1000-person years, in non-LYP patients this was 91 per 1000-person years (adjusted IRR 4.21 (95% CI 2.68 to 6.63) p<0.001). 27.1% of patients died during study follow-up. Incidence rate of death was 80 and 45 per 1000-person year for LYP and non-LYP patients, respectively (adjusted IRR 1.80 (1.00 to 3.23) p=0.05).ConclusionIn LD patients, no clinically meaningful reduction in LRTI incidence was observed following FG placement. Mortality and LRTI were higher in patients with at least one LRTI in the year preceding FG placement, compared with those without a preceding LRTI.

scholarly journals Association of metabolic syndrome with glioblastoma: a retrospective cohort study and review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-548
Author(s):  
Lisa R Rogers ◽  
Quinn T Ostrom ◽  
Julia Schroer ◽  
Jaime Vengoechea ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome is identified as a risk factor for the development of several systemic cancers, but its frequency among patients with glioblastoma and its association with clinical outcomes have yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for and affecting survival in glioblastoma patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study, consisting of patients with diagnoses at a single institution between 2007 and 2013, was conducted. Clinical records were reviewed, and clinical and laboratory data pertaining to 5 metabolic criteria were extrapolated. Overall survival was determined by time from initial surgical diagnosis to date of death or last follow-up. Results The frequency of metabolic syndrome among patients diagnosed with glioblastoma was slightly greater than the frequency of metabolic syndrome among the general population. Within a subset of patients (n = 91) receiving the full schedule of concurrent radiation and temozolomide and adjuvant temozolomide, median overall survival was significantly shorter for patients with metabolic syndrome compared with those without. In addition, the presence of all 5 elements of the metabolic syndrome resulted in significantly decreased median survival in these patients. Conclusions We identified the metabolic syndrome at a slightly higher frequency in patients with diagnosed glioblastoma compared with the general population. In addition, metabolic syndrome with each of its individual components is associated with an overall worse prognosis in patients receiving the standard schedule of radiation and temozolomide after adjustment for age.

scholarly journals The Influence of Income on Medical School Admissions in Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Pitre ◽  
Alexander Thomas ◽  
Kyle Evans ◽  
Aaron Jones ◽  
Margo Mountjoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Medical School Admissions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Socioeconomic Diversity ◽  
Neighborhood Income

Abstract BACKGROUND. The socioeconomic status of applicants to Canadian medical schools has been understudied in the past two decades. Institutional efforts have been made to address the lack of socioeconomic diversity across Canada during this time. We investigated the income characteristics of medical school applicants, as well as the relationship between applicant income and offer of admission, to characterize the current state of socioeconomic diversity in medical admissions.METHODS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 26,120 applicants at one Ontario medical school from 2013 to 2018. Characteristics of applicants who were offered admission were compared to the general population and applicants not offered admission. Regression analyses were used to investigate the association between median total neighborhood income and successful admission.RESULTS. The median total neighborhood income for medical school applicants was $98,816, which was approximately $28,480 higher than the Canadian general population. Those not admitted to the medical school had a median total neighborhood income of $98,304 compared to $105,984 for those offered admission (p<0.001). This trend was seen in every province and territory in Canada. Median total neighborhood income was a predictor of an offer of admission; applicants in the >75th percentile income group had 54% increased odds of being offered admission when compared to applicants in the <25th percentile in our unadjusted model. Income was not significant in our adjusted models but showed that the income medians drastically shifted between pre-interview and post-interview periods, from $98,816 to $104,000 (p<0.001).CONCLUSION. Medical school applicants are from higher economic strata compared to the general population. Despite already representing a high economic stratum, a higher median total neighborhood income relative to other applicants was associated with an offer of admission.

scholarly journals Rates of knee arthroplasty in patients with a history of arthroscopic chondroplasty: results from a retrospective cohort study utilising the National Hospital Episode Statistics for England

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e030609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon G F Abram ◽  
Antony J R Palmer ◽  
Andrew Judge ◽  
David J Beard ◽  
Andrew J Price
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Hospital Episode Statistics ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Hospital Episode ◽  
History Of

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyse the rate of knee arthroplasty in the population of patients with a history of arthroscopic chondroplasty of the knee, in England, over 10 years, with comparison to general population data for patients without a history of chondroplasty.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingEnglish Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data.Participants and interventionsPatients undergoing arthroscopic chondroplasty in England between 2007/2008 and 2016/2017 were identified. Patients undergoing previous arthroscopic knee surgery or simultaneous cruciate ligament reconstruction or microfracture in the same knee were excluded.OutcomesPatients subsequently undergoing a knee arthroplasty in the same knee were identified and mortality-adjusted survival analysis was performed (survival without undergoing knee arthroplasty). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify factors associated with knee arthroplasty. Relative risk of knee arthroplasty (total or partial) in comparison to the general population was determined.ResultsThrough 2007 to 2017, 157 730 eligible chondroplasty patients were identified. Within 1 year, 5.91% (7984/135 197; 95% CI 5.78 to 6.03) underwent knee arthroplasty and 14.22% (8145/57 267; 95% CI 13.94 to 14.51) within 5 years. Patients aged over 30 years with a history of chondroplasty were 17.32 times (risk ratio; 95% CI 16.81 to 17.84) more likely to undergo arthroplasty than the general population without a history of chondroplasty.ConclusionsPatients with cartilage lesions of the knee, treated with arthroscopic chondroplasty, are at greater risk of subsequent knee arthroplasty than the general population and for a proportion of patients, there is insufficient benefit to prevent the need for knee arthroplasty within 1 to 5 years. These important new data will inform patients of the anticipated outcomes following this procedure. The risk in comparison to non-operative treatment remains unknown and there is an urgent need for a randomised clinical trial in this population.

scholarly journals Association between Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Proteinuria Onset in a Japanese General Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2511
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Tokumaru ◽  
Tadashi Toyama ◽  
Akinori Hara ◽  
Kiyoki Kitagawa ◽  
Yuta Yamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Status ◽  
Japanese General Population ◽  
Late Evening ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

The relationship between dietary habits and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the association between unhealthy dietary habits and proteinuria onset, a key prognostic factor of CKD, among a Japanese general population aged ≥40 years. The risks of proteinuria onset were estimated based on the status of baseline unhealthy dietary habits (quick eating, late dinner, late evening snack, and skipping breakfast) compared with the status without these habits. A total of 26,764 subjects were included, with a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years. The most frequent unhealthy dietary habit was quick eating (29%), followed by late dinner (19%), late evening snack (16%), and skipping breakfast (9%). During the follow-up period, 10.6% of participants developed proteinuria. Late dinner and skipping breakfast showed an increased adjusted risk of proteinuria onset (hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 1.22, and HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.31, respectively). Unhealthy dietary habits were not associated with changes in body mass index or waist-to-height ratio during the follow-up period. Our results suggest that late dinner and skipping breakfast are associated with higher risks for proteinuria onset.

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