scholarly journals Antifungal Properties of Crude Extracts, Fractions, and Purified Compounds from Bark ofCuratella americanaL. (Dilleniaceae) againstCandidaSpecies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleyton Eduardo Mendes de Toledo ◽  
Patrícia Regina Santos ◽  
João Carlos Palazzo de Mello ◽  
Benedito Prado Dias Filho ◽  
Celso Vataru Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Plant ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Curatella Americana

The ethnomedicinal plantCuratella americanaL. (Dilleniaceae) is a common shrub in the Brazilian cerrado, in which crude extract showed antifungal activity in a preliminary study. In this work, the antifungal and cytotoxic properties of the crude extract, fractions, and isolated compounds fromC. americanawere evaluated against the standard yeast strainsCandida albicans,C. tropicalis, andC. parapsilosis, clinical isolates, and fluconazole-resistant strains. The combinatory effects between subfractions and isolated compounds and effects on cell morphology, virulence factors, and exogenous ergosterol were also evaluated. The MIC obtained against theCandidaspecies including fluconazole-resistant strain ranged from 15.3 to 31.3 µg/mL for crude extract, 3.9 to 15.6 µg/mL for ethyl acetate fraction, and 7.8 to 31.3 µg/mL for subfractions. The isolated compounds identified as 4′-O-methyl-catechin, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, and 4′-O-methyl-catechin-3-O-gallate showed lower antifungal activity than the crude extract and fractions (MIC ranging from 31.3 to 125.0 µg/mL). The addition of exogenous ergosterol to yeast culture did not interfere in the antifungal activity of the extract and its fractions. Synergistic antifungal activity was observed between subfractions and isolated compounds. The effects on virulence factors and the different mechanisms of action compared to fluconazole and nystatin suggest that this ethnomedicinal plant may be an effective alternative treatment for candidiasis.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Chitosan with Fluconazole against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Fluconazole-Resistant Strains

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5114
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsuan Lo ◽  
Fu-Sheng Deng ◽  
Chih-Jung Chang ◽  
Ching-Hsuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Combinational Treatment ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

(1) Background: Few antifungal drugs are currently available, and drug-resistant strains have rapidly emerged. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the antifungal activity from a combinational treatment of chitosan with a clinical antifungal drug on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. (2) Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, checkerboard assays, and disc assays were employed to determine the inhibitory effect of chitosan with or without other antifungal drugs on C. albicans and C. tropicalis. (3) Results: Treatment with chitosan in combination with fluconazole showed a great synergistic fungicidal effect against C. albicans and C. tropicalis, but an indifferent effect on antifungal activity when challenged with chitosan-amphotericin B or chitosan-caspofungin simultaneously. Furthermore, the combination of chitosan and fluconazole was effective against drug-resistant strains. (4) Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence that chitosan in combination with fluconazole is a promising therapy against two Candida species and its drug-resistant strains.

Synergistic anticandidal activity of etomidate and azoles against clinical fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 1477-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia G do AV Sá ◽  
Cecília R da Silva ◽  
Rosana de S Campos ◽  
João B de A Neto ◽  
Letícia S Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Anticandidal Activity ◽  
Checkerboard Assay ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Radical Generation

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of etomidate alone and in combination with azoles on resistant strains of Candida spp. in both planktonic cells and biofilms. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity of etomidate was assessed by the broth microdilution test; flow cytometric procedures to measure fungal viability, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, free radical generation and cell death; as well detection of DNA damage using the comet assay. The interaction between etomidate and antifungal drugs (itraconazole and fluconazole) was evaluated by the checkerboard assay. Results: Etomidate showed antifungal activity against resistant strains of Candida spp. in planktonic cells and biofilms. Etomidate also presented synergism with fluconazole and itraconazole in planktonic cells and biofilms. Conclusion: Etomidate showed antifungal activity against Candida spp., indicating that it is a possible therapeutic alternative.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Thai Cajuput Oil and Its Effect on Efflux-Pump Gene Expression in Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Clinical Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Pitchayaphong Keereedach ◽  
Karnjana Hrimpeng ◽  
Khaemaporn Boonbumrung
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Candidiasis caused by the fluconazole-resistant opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans is an intractable clinical problem that threatens immunocompromised or normal individuals. The most common mechanism of fluconazole resistance in C. albicans is the failure of cells to accumulate the drug due to increased expression of the efflux proteins encoded by the CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 genes. Because the number of current antifungal drugs is limited, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Thai Cajuput oil, its synergism with fluconazole, and its effect on efflux-pump gene expression in fluconazole-resistant C. albicans clinical isolates. Thus, we first detected the efflux-pump genes in fourteen resistant strains by PCR. The frequencies of the CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 genes were 68.75%, 62.5%, and 87.5%, respectively, and these efflux-pump genes were distributed in three distinct patterns. Subsequently, the antifungal activity of Thai Cajuput oil was assessed by broth macrodilution and its synergism with fluconazole was evaluated by the checkerboard assay. The changes in the expression levels of CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 after treatment with Thai Cajuput oil were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The MICs and MFCs of Thai Cajuput oil ranged from 0.31 to 1.25 μl/ml and 0.63 to 1.25 μl/ml, respectively, and its activity was defined as fungicidal activity. The MICs of the combination of Thai Cajuput oil and fluconazole were much lower than the MICs of the individual drugs. Interestingly, sub-MICs of Thai Cajuput oil significantly reduced the MDR1 expression level in resistant strains P < 0.05 . Our study suggests that Thai Cajuput oil can be used to create new potential combination therapies to combat the antifungal resistance of C. albicans.

Antifungal effects of Streptococcus mutans extract on Candida strains susceptible and resistant to fluconazole: An in vivo study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana de Sá Alves ◽  
Luciana Ruano de Oliveira Fugisaki ◽  
Jéssica Diane dos Santos ◽  
Liliana Scorzoni ◽  
Rebeca Previate Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Reference Strains

Abstract Previous studies showed that the crude extract obtained from Streptococcus mutans inhibited the growth of Candida albicans reference strains. In this study, we evaluated whether the antifungal effects of S. mutans extract can be extended to clinical Candida isolates, including C. albicans and non-abicans strains with different susceptibilities to fluconazole. We verified that S. mutans extract increased the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans and C. glabrata and inhibited the fungal cells in hemolymph. These antifungal effects occurred for both fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant strains. However, larvae infected by C. krusei were not affected by S. mutans extract. Lay Summary Streptococcus mutans crude extract shows antifungal effects on clinical Candida strains susceptible and resistant to fluconazole in Galleria mellonella model.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on the inhibitory effect of seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa extract on biofilm formation of Candida albicans cultured from the saliva of a smoker

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Zaki Mubarak ◽  
Adintya Humaira ◽  
Basri A. Gani ◽  
Zainal A. Muchlisin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Preliminary Study

Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that infects the oral cavity. Increases in colony numbers of C. albicans can be caused by multiple factors, such as smoking, a weakened immune system, taking antibiotics and with immune-compromised individuals. Smoking can increase the virulence factor of C. albicans and make it stronger. One of the virulence factors of C. albicans is the biofilm it forms. The C. albicans biofilm makes it more tolerant to extracts of the seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa, which has antifungal activity. The objective of the study was to examine the ability of the G. verrucosa extracts to inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans obtained from the saliva of smoker. Methods: A total of six concentrations of G. verrucosa (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) were tested in this study. The positive control was fluconazole 0.31 µg/ml C. albicans was taken from the saliva of one smoker in Faculty of Dentistry, Syiah Kuala University. The total amount of biofilm was assessed using an ELISA reader. The data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance limit of p<0.05. Results: The seaweed extract has three bio-active compounds: steroids, terpenoid, and tannins. The results showed that the inhibitory activity of seaweed on C. albicans biofilm formation increases as its concentration increases. The highest effectiveness was recorded at a seaweed concentration of 100% at 48 h of exposure. Conclusions: The optimal inhibition of the C. albicans biofilm formation was recorded at the concentration of 100% G. verrucosa after 48 hours of exposure.

Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong You ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Guangjiong Qin ◽  
JinPeng Yang ◽  
Chunlei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Homogenate Extraction

Abstract Background Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. Methods In this study, single factor experiments and response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA, the method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA to Alternaria alternata. Result The optimal conditions were found as fellow: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; Extraction time 60 s; soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentration of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of Alternaria alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of DHA standard, respectively. Conclusion Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method to extract DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata with low cost, which provides a possibility for the use of DHA in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. Highlights The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.

scholarly journals A preliminary study on antifungal effect of TiO2-based paints in natural indoor light

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Markowska-Szczupak ◽  
Krzysztof Ulfig ◽  
Barbara Grzmil ◽  
Antoni Morawski
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Photocatalytic Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

A preliminary study on antifungal effect of TiO2-based paints in natural indoor light The antifungal activity of four commercial photocatalytic paints (KEIM Ecosil ME, Titanium FA, Photo Silicate and Silicate D) in natural indoor light was investigated. The paints contained TiO2 in rutile and anatase crystalline forms as evidenced by means of the X-ray diffraction analysis. In most cases the paints inhibited growth of fungi viz. Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Coonemeria crustacea, Eurotium herbariorum, and Dactylomyces sp. The KEIM Ecosil ME paint displayed the highest antifungal effect in the light, which could be explained with the highest anatase content. The paint antifungal activity and the fungal sensitivity to the TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reaction both decreased in the following orders: KEIM Ecosil ME > Titanium FA > Photo Silicate > Silicate D and T. viride > Dactylomyces sp. > A. niger > E. herbariorum.

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