scholarly journals Circulating Cytokine Levels as Markers of Inflammation in Philadelphia Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnostic and Prognostic Interest

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Mondet ◽  
Kais Hussein ◽  
Pascal Mossuz
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Hematopoietic Malignancies ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Functional Symptoms ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Circulating Levels

Cytokines are well known mediators of numerous physiological and pathological processes. They contribute to the regulation of normal hematopoiesis but increasing data suggest that they also have a clinical impact in some hematopoietic malignancies. In particular, there is evidence that cytokines are implicated in the functional symptoms of Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph− MPNs), suggesting that evaluation of circulating levels of cytokines could be of clinical interest for the characterization of patients at the time of diagnosis and for disease prognosis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on alteration of circulating cytokine profiles in MPNs and their role in myelofibrosis pathogenesis. Phenotypic correlation, prognostic value of cytokines, and impact of JAK inhibitors are also discussed.

The glycomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Haslam ◽  
David Gems ◽  
Howard R. Morris ◽  
Anne Dell
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
The Face ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Nematode Worm

There is no doubt that the immense amount of information that is being generated by the initial sequencing and secondary interrogation of various genomes will change the face of glycobiological research. However, a major area of concern is that detailed structural knowledge of the ultimate products of genes that are identified as being involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis is still limited. This is illustrated clearly by the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced. To date, only limited structural data on the glycosylated molecules of this organism have been reported. Our laboratory is addressing this problem by performing detailed MS structural characterization of the N-linked glycans of C. elegans; high-mannose structures dominate, with only minor amounts of complex-type structures. Novel, highly fucosylated truncated structures are also present which are difucosylated on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core as well as containing unusual Fucα1–2Gal1–2Man as peripheral structures. The implications of these results in terms of the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential glycosyltransferases are discussed in this chapter. Current knowledge on the glycomes of other model organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster is also discussed briefly.

scholarly journals A review of current knowledge of myeloproliferative disorders in the horse

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Satué ◽  
Juan Carlos Gardon ◽  
Ana Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Current State ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractMyeloid disorders are conditions being characterized by abnormal proliferation and development of myeloid lineage including granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils), monocytes, erythroids, and megakaryocytes precursor cells. Myeloid leukemia, based on clinical presentation and proliferative rate of neoplastic cells, is divided into acute (AML) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The most commonly myeloid leukemia reported in horses are AML-M4 (myelomonocytic) and AML-M5 (monocytic). Isolated cases of AML-M6B (acute erythroid leukemia), and chronic granulocytic leukemia have also been reported. Additionally, bone marrow disorders with dysplastic alterations and ineffective hematopoiesis affecting single or multiple cell lineages or myelodysplastic diseases (MDS), have also been reported in horses. MDSs have increased myeloblasts numbers in blood or bone marrow, although less than 20%, which is the minimum level required for diagnosis of AML. This review performed a detailed description of the current state of knowlegde of the myeloproliferative disorders in horses following the criteria established by the World Health Organization.

The genus Chaenothecopsis (Mycocaliciaceae) in Switzerland, and a key to the European species

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs GRONER
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Subalpine Forests ◽  
European Species

Current knowledge about the non-lichenized genus Chaenothecopsis in Switzerland is reviewed. A characterization of the genus and a key to all accepted European taxa are presented, excluding the little known resinicolous species. The distribution of the 15 Chaenothecopsis species recorded in Switzerland is briefly summarized. Specimens in the herbaria belong mainly to C. pusilla, C. rubescens and C. viridialba; recent collections include rarer species such as C. hospitans, C. ochroleuca, C. retinens and C. tasmanica. It seems that many taxa occur predominantly in montane to subalpine forests in the Northern Prealps, although distributional data are still scarce.

Mechanisms of Giardia lamblia differentiation into cysts

1997 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
H D Luján ◽  
M R Mowatt ◽  
T E Nash
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Organelle Biogenesis ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Adverse Conditions

Microbiologists have long been intrigued by the ability of parasitic organisms to adapt to changes in the environment. Since most parasites occupy several niches during their journey between vectors and hosts, they have developed adaptive responses which allow them to survive under adverse conditions. Therefore, the life cycles of protozoan and helminthic parasites are excellent models with which to study numerous mechanisms involved in cell differentiation, such as the regulation of gene expression, signal transduction pathways, and organelle biogenesis. Unfortunately, many of these studies are very difficult because the conditions needed to elicit developmental changes in parasites remain undetermined in most cases. Recently, several interesting findings were reported on the process of differentiation of Giardia lamblia trophozoites into cysts. G. lamblia is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the upper small intestine of its vertebrate host and is a major cause of enteric disease worldwide. It belongs to the earliest identified lineage among eukaryotes and therefore offers a unique insight into the progression from primitive to more complex eukaryotic cells. The discovery of a specific stimulus that induces trophozoites to differentiate into cysts, the identification and characterization of encystation-specific molecules, the elucidation of novel biochemical pathways, and the development of useful reagents and techniques have made this parasite an excellent model with which to study differentiation in eukaryotic cells. In this review, we summarize the most recent fundings on several aspects of Giardia differentiation and discuss the significance of these findings within the context of current knowledge in the field.

Production of inhibin A and inhibin B in boars: Changes in testicular and circulating levels of dimeric inhibins and characterization of inhibin forms during testis growth

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Ohnuma ◽  
Hiroyuki Kaneko ◽  
Junko Noguchi ◽  
Kazuhiro Kikuchi ◽  
Manabu Ozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibin B ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
Circulating Levels

scholarly journals Characterization of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in JAK2 V617F and CALR -mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Angona ◽  
Alberto Alvarez-Larrán ◽  
Beatriz Bellosillo ◽  
Raquel Longarón ◽  
Laura Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Jak2 V617f ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor

PHLPPing the Script: Emerging Roles of PHLPP Phosphatases in Cell Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 723-743
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Baffi ◽  
Ksenya Cohen-Katsenelson ◽  
Alexandra C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Pleckstrin Homology Domain ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Tumor Suppressive Function ◽  
Prosurvival Kinase ◽  
Signaling Field ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat Protein

Whereas protein kinases have been successfully targeted for a variety of diseases, protein phosphatases remain an underutilized therapeutic target, in part because of incomplete characterization of their effects on signaling networks. The pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) is a relatively new player in the cell signaling field, and new roles in controlling the balance among cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis are being increasingly identified. Originally characterized for its tumor-suppressive function in deactivating the prosurvival kinase Akt, PHLPP may have an opposing role in promoting survival, as recent evidence suggests. Additionally, identification of the transcription factor STAT1 as a substrate unveils a role for PHLPP as a critical mediator of transcriptional programs in cancer and the inflammatory response. This review summarizes the current knowledge of PHLPP as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene and highlights emerging functions in regulating gene expression and the immune system. Understanding the context-dependent functions of PHLPP is essential for appropriate therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Isolation, cultivation and immunofluorescence characterization of lamellar keratinocytes from equine hoof by using explants

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
João P.H. Pfeifer ◽  
Vitor H. Santos ◽  
Gustavo Rosa ◽  
Jaqueline B. Souza ◽  
Marcos Jun Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Keratinocyte Culture ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Equine Hoof ◽  
Horse Health

ABSTRACT: The importance of the hoof to the horse health is clear, and the current knowledge regarding the cellular aspects of hoof keratinocytes is poor. Studies on equine keratinocyte culture are scarce. Developing keratinocyte cultures in vitro is a condition for studies on molecular biology, cell growth and differentiation. Some methods have already been established, such as those for skin keratinocyte culture. However, few methodologies are found for lamellar keratinocytes. The objective of this study was to standardize the equine hoof keratinocyte isolation and cultivation, and then characterize the cell immunophenotype. For this, the primary culture method used was through explants obtained from three regions of the equine hoof (medial dorsal, dorsal, and lateral dorsal). After the cell isolation and cultivation, the cell culture and its explants were stained with anti-pan cytokeratin (pan-CK) (AE1/AE3), vimentin (V9), p63 (4A4), and Ki-67 (MIB-1) antibodies. Cells were grown to third passage, were positive for pan-CK, p63 and Ki-67, and few cells had vimentin positive expression. As for the explants, the epidermal laminae were not stained for vimentin or Ki-67. However, some cells presented positive pan-CK and p63 expression. This study demonstrated the viability of lamellar explants of equine hooves as a form of isolating keratinocytes in primary cultures, as well as characterized the proliferation ability of such keratinocytes in monolayers.

scholarly journals LAZY Gene Family in Plant Gravitropism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Jiao ◽  
Huan Du ◽  
Shu Chen ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Liangfa Ge
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Earth’S Gravity Field ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Auxin Redistribution ◽  
Review Current

Adapting to the omnipresent gravitational field was a fundamental basis driving the flourishing of terrestrial plants on the Earth. Plants have evolved a remarkable capability that not only allows them to live and develop within the Earth’s gravity field, but it also enables them to use the gravity vector to guide the growth of roots and shoots, in a process known as gravitropism. Triggered by gravistimulation, plant gravitropism is a highly complex, multistep process that requires many organelles and players to function in an intricate coordinated way. Although this process has been studied for several 100 years, much remains unclear, particularly the early events that trigger the relocation of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins, which presumably leads to the asymmetrical redistribution of auxin. In the past decade, the LAZY gene family has been identified as a crucial player that ensures the proper redistribution of auxin and a normal tropic response for both roots and shoots upon gravistimulation. LAZY proteins appear to be participating in the early steps of gravity signaling, as the mutation of LAZY genes consistently leads to altered auxin redistribution in multiple plant species. The identification and characterization of the LAZY gene family have significantly advanced our understanding of plant gravitropism, and opened new frontiers of investigation into the novel molecular details of the early events of gravitropism. Here we review current knowledge of the LAZY gene family and the mechanism modulated by LAZY proteins for controlling both roots and shoots gravitropism. We also discuss the evolutionary significance and conservation of the LAZY gene family in plants.

scholarly journals Altered NFE2 activity predisposes to leukemic transformation and myelosarcoma with AML-specific aberrations

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (16) ◽  
pp. 1766-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Samuel Jutzi ◽  
Titiksha Basu ◽  
Maximilian Pellmann ◽  
Sandra Kaiser ◽  
Doris Steinemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Trisomy 8 ◽  
Chromosome 5Q ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Clinical Algorithms

Abstract In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acquired genetic aberrations carry prognostic implications and guide therapeutic decisions. Clinical algorithms have been improved by the incorporation of novel aberrations. Here, we report the presence and functional characterization of mutations in the transcription factor NFE2 in patients with AML and in a patient with myelosarcoma. We previously described NFE2 mutations in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and demonstrated that expression of mutant NFE2 in mice causes a myeloproliferative phenotype. Now, we show that, during follow-up, 34% of these mice transform to leukemia presenting with or without concomitant myelosarcomas, or develop isolated myelosarcomas. These myelosarcomas and leukemias acquired AML-specific alterations, including the murine equivalent of trisomy 8, loss of the AML commonly deleted region on chromosome 5q, and mutations in the tumor suppressor Trp53. Our data show that mutations in NFE2 predispose to the acquisition of secondary changes promoting the development of myelosarcoma and/or AML.

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