scholarly journals Hepatocyte Turnover in Chronic HCV-Induced Liver Injury and Cirrhosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos P. Karidis ◽  
Ioanna Delladetsima ◽  
Stamatios Theocharis
Keyword(s):  
Current Evidence ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Parenchymal Liver ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Hepatocyte Death

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may eventually lead to progressive liver fibrosis and cirrhosis through a complex, multistep process involving hepatocyte death and regeneration. Despite common pathogenetic pathways present in all forms of liver cirrhosis irrespective of etiology, hepatocyte turnover and related molecular events in HCV-induced cirrhosis are increasingly being distinguished from even “similar” causes, such as hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) related cirrhosis. New insights in HCV-induced hepatocellular injury, differential gene expression, and regenerative pathways have recently revealed a different pattern of progression to irreversible parenchymal liver damage. A shift to the significant role of the host immune response rather than the direct effect of HCV on hepatocytes and the imbalance between antiapoptotic and proapoptotic signals have been investigated in several studies but need to be further elucidated. The present review aims to comprehensively summarize the current evidence on HCV-induced hepatocellular turnover with a view to outline the significant trends of ongoing research.

T(11;18)(q21;q21) is associated with advanced mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma that expresses nuclear BCL10

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxiang Liu ◽  
Hongtao Ye ◽  
Ahmet Dogan ◽  
Renzo Ranaldi ◽  
Rifat A. Hamoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malt Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Fusion Transcript ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nuclear Expression ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori

The development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a multistep process and can be clinico-pathologically divided into Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, low-grade tumors, and high-grade tumors. The molecular events underlying this progression are largely unknown. However, identification of the genes involved in MALT lymphoma-specific t(11;18)(q21;q21) and t(1;14)(p22;q32) has provided fresh insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. T(11;18)(q21;q21) results in a chimeric transcript between the API2 and theMALT1 genes, whereas t(1;14) (p22;q32) causes aberrant nuclear BCL10 expression. Significantly, nuclear BCL10 expression also occurs frequently in MALT lymphomas without t(1;14)(p22;q32), suggesting an important role for BCL10 in lymphoma development. Thirty-three cases of H pylori gastritis, 72 MALT lymphomas, and 11 mucosal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) were screened for t(11;18)(q21;q21) by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. BCL10 expression in lymphoma cases was examined by immunohistochemistry. The API2–MALT1 fusion transcript was not detected in H pylorigastritis and mucosal DLBCL but was found in 25 of 72 (35%) MALT lymphomas of various sites. Nuclear BCL10 expression was seen in 28 of 53 (53%) of MALT lymphomas. Of the gastric cases, the largest group studied, the frequency of both t(11;18)(q21;q21) and nuclear BCL10 expression was significantly higher in tumors that showed dissemination to local lymph nodes or distal sites (14 of 18 = 78% and 14 of 15 = 93%, respectively) than those confined to the stomach (3 of 29 = 10% and 10 of 26 = 38%). Furthermore, t(11;18)(q21;q21) closely correlated with BCL10 nuclear expression. These results indicate that both t(11;18)(q21;q21) and BCL10 nuclear expression are associated with advanced MALT lymphoma and that their oncogenic activities may be related to each other.

scholarly journals Energy and caloric restriction, and fasting and cancer: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezzeldin M. Ibrahim ◽  
Meteb H. Al-Foheidi ◽  
Mubarak M. Al-Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Robust Evidence

AbstractDietary interventions have a significant impact on body metabolism. The sensitivity of cancer cells to nutrient and energy deficiency is an evolving characteristic of cancer biology. Preclinical studies provided robust evidence that energy and caloric restrictions could hinder both cancer growth and progression, besides enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Moreover, several, albeit low-powered, clinical trials have demonstrated clinical benefits in cancer patients. Future research will inform and firmly establish the potential efficacy and safety of these dietary interventions. Here, we review the current evidence and ongoing research investigating the relationship between various dietary restriction approaches and cancer outcomes.

scholarly journals The Use of Copper as an Antimicrobial Agent in Health Care, Including Obstetrics and Gynecology

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda P. Arendsen ◽  
Ranee Thakar ◽  
Abdul H. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Effect Of Copper

SUMMARY Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a global problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Controlling the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a major public health challenge, and antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most important global problems in current times. The antimicrobial effect of copper has been known for centuries, and ongoing research is being conducted on the use of copper-coated hard and soft surfaces for reduction of microbial contamination and, subsequently, reduction of HAIs. This review provides an overview of the historical and current evidence of the antimicrobial and wound-healing properties of copper and explores its possible utility in obstetrics and gynecology.

The Impact of Resistant Bacterial Pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia on Lung Transplant Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 436-448
Author(s):  
Alicia B. Mitchell ◽  
Allan R. Glanville
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Absolute Contraindication ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Pseudomonas and Burkholderia are gram-negative organisms that achieve colonization within the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, and are associated with accelerated pulmonary function decline. Multidrug resistance is a hallmark of these organisms, which makes eradication efforts difficult. Furthermore, the literature has outlined increased morbidity and mortality for lung transplant (LTx) recipients infected with these bacterial genera. Indeed, many treatment centers have considered Burkholderia cepacia infection an absolute contraindication to LTx. Ongoing research has delineated different species within the B. cepacia complex (BCC), with significantly varied morbidity and survival profiles. This review considers the current evidence for LTx outcomes between the different subspecies encompassed within these genera as well as prophylactic and management options. The availability of meta-genomic tools will make differentiation between species within these groups easier in the future, and will allow more evidence-based decisions to be made regarding suitability of candidates colonized with these resistant bacteria for LTx. This review suggests that based on the current evidence, not all species of BCC should be considered contraindications to LTx, going forward.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte E rosette inhibitory factor: a regulatory serum lipoprotein.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 1092-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
F V Chisari ◽  
T S Edgington
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
B Virus

Rosette inhibitory factor, RIF, previously described in serum from patients with hepatitis B virus infection, has been isolated and identified as a minor species of beta-lipoprotein of the low-density (LDL) class. It is unrelated to hepatitis B virus proteins or particles. Although discrete by reference to charge and density (1.050 +/- 0.004 g/cm3), RIF appears to be a complex macromolecular structure containing apolipoproteins A, B, and C. Greater than 400% recovery is achieved upon 300,000-fold purification from RIF+ sera suggesting activation of a precursor form that is not present in normal serum. RIF inhibits E rosette function of T lymphocytes in vitro with a lag period of approximately 4 h and maximal effect at 24 h consistent with a metabolically-induced event. RIF is functionally active at concentrations of 1 X 10(-12) M or greater, rapidly binds to lymphocytes, and has a functionally effective half-life of approximately 1.5 h. Approximately 2,900 receptors for RIF appear to be present per cell and a high mutual affinity is apparent (k approximately to 9 X 10(10) liters/mol). RIF has no detectable effect on mitogen (PHA) responsiveness of lymphocytes, but inhibits the capacity of lymphocytes to respond to histoincompatible cells in vitro at concentrations greater than 10(-8) M. Equivalent RIF- lipoprotein fractions from normal serum are equally inhibitory in the mixed lymphocyte reaction suggesting that this effect is not directly attributable to RIF activity. These data indicate that RIF is a unique and functionally specific species of LDL that represents either an association complex of lipoproteins or a hybrid molecule of unusual composition. The association of this factor with viral-induced hepatocellular injury underscores the need to elucidate its structure and function in greater detail.

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