scholarly journals Protective Efficacy of an Inactive Vaccine Based on the LY02 Isolate against AcuteHaemophilus parasuisInfection in Piglets

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Hua Li ◽  
Guo-Zhen Zhao ◽  
Long-Xin Qiu ◽  
Ai-Ling Dai ◽  
Wang-Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Glässer’S Disease ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Glasser's Disease

Haemophilus parasuiscan cause Glässer’s disease characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis. The current prevention of Glässer’s disease is mainly based on the inactive vaccines; however, the protective efficacy usually fails in heterogeneous or homologous challenges. Here, the predominant lineage ofH. parasuis(LY02 strain) in Fujian province, China, characterized as serovar 5, was used to evaluate the protective immunity against acuteH. parasuisinfection in piglets after inactivation. Following challenging withH. parasuis,only mild lesions in the pigs immunized with the killed vaccine were observed, whereas the typical symptoms of Glässer’s disease presented in the nonimmunized piglets. A strong IgG immune response was induced by the inactive vaccine. CD4+and CD8+T lymphocyte levels were increased, indicating the potent cellular immune responses were elicited. The significantly high levels of IL-2, IL-4, TGF-β, and IFN-γin sera from pigs immunized with this killed vaccine suggested that the mixed Th1 and Th2 immune responses were induced, associated with the high protection againstH. parasuisinfection compared to the nonimmunized animals. This study indicated that the inactivated LY02 strain ofH. parasuiscould serve as a potential vaccine candidate to prevent the prevalence ofH. parasuisin Fujian province, China.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Protective Immune Responses Induced by Recombinant TrxLp and ENO2 Proteins againstToxoplasma gondiiInfection in BALB/c Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Xiao-Yu Yang ◽  
Nian-Zhang Zhang ◽  
De-Lin Zhang ◽  
Xing-Quan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
The Ideal

Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan that can infect almost all species of warm-blooded animals. As any chemical-based drugs could not act against the tissue cyst stage ofT. gondii, vaccination may be one of the ideal control strategies. In the present study, two new vaccine candidates, named TgENO2 and TgTrxLp, were purified fromEscherichia coliwith pET-30a(+) expression system and then were injected into BALB/c mice to evaluate the protective efficacy against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. The results showed that both the recombinant proteins, either alone or in combination, could elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses with a higher level of IgG antibodies, IFN-γ, IL-2, CD4+, and CD8+T cells as compared to those in mice from control groups. After acute challenge with tachyzoites of the GJS strain, mice immunized with rTgTrxLp (8±2.77 d), rTgENO2 (7.4±1.81 d), and rTgTrxLp + rTgENO2 (8.38±4.57 d) proteins showed significantly longer survival time than those that received Freund’s adjuvant (6.78±2.08 d) and PBS (6.38±4.65 d) (χ2= 9.687, df = 4,P=0.046). The protective immunity of rTgTrxLp, rTgENO2, and rTgTrxLp + rTgENO2 proteins against chronicT. gondiiinfection showed 69.77%, 58.14%, and 20.93% brain cyst reduction as compared to mice that received PBS. The present study suggested that both TgENO2 and TgTrxLp were potential candidates for the development of multicomponent vaccines against toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Enhanced cellular immunity and systemic control of SHIV infection by combined parenteral and mucosal administration of a DNA prime MVA boost vaccine regimen

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 2407-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mäkitalo ◽  
P. Lundholm ◽  
J. Hinkula ◽  
C. Nilsson ◽  
K. Karlén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Rna Levels

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine administered by two different routes were investigated. DNA expressing HIV-1 IIIB env, gag, RT, rev, tat and nef, and MVA expressing HIV-1 IIIB nef, tat and rev and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macJ5 gag/pol and vaccinia HIV-1 env, were used as immunogens. Four cynomolgus macaques received DNA intramuscularly (i.m.) at month 0 and intrarectally (i.r.) and intra-orally (i.o.) at 2 months, followed by MVA i.m. at 4 months and i.r. and i.o. at 8 months. Another group of four monkeys received the same immunogens but only i.m.. Overall, stronger cellular immune responses measured by ELISPOT and T-cell proliferation assay were detected in the group primed i.m. and boosted mucosally. Following homologous intravenous simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge, one of eight vaccinated animals was completely protected. This monkey, immunized i.m. and i.r.+i.o., exhibited the highest levels of HIV Env, Nef and Tat antibodies, high HIV Tat cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and T-lymphocyte proliferative responses to HIV Env. Four weeks post-challenge none of the monkeys immunized i.m. and i.r.+i.o., and only two out of four animals immunized i.m., demonstrated detectable plasma viral RNA levels. In contrast, all eight control animals had demonstrable plasma viral RNA levels 4 weeks post-challenge. Thus, stronger cellular immune responses and reduction of challenge virus burden were demonstrated in animals immunized i.m. as well as mucosally, compared with animals immunized i.m. only. The breadth and magnitude of the induced immune responses correlated with protective efficacy.

scholarly journals Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 Boosting of BNT162b2 Vaccinated Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sabrina Tan ◽  
Ai-ris Y. Collier ◽  
Jinyan Liu ◽  
Jingyou Yu ◽  
Huahua Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have reported that a third dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) COVID-19 vaccine increased antibody titers and protective efficacy. Here we compare humoral and cellular immune responses in 65 individuals who were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine and were boosted after at least 6 months with either Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson; N=41) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer; N=24).

scholarly journals Development of a Multi-Antigenic SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Using a Synthetic Poxvirus Platform

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Chiuppesi ◽  
Marcela d’Alincourt Salazar ◽  
Heidi Contreras ◽  
Vu Nguyen ◽  
Joy Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Immunodominant Antigens ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated poxvirus vector that is widely used to develop vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. We developed a novel vaccine platform based on a unique three-plasmid system to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors from chemically synthesized DNA. In response to the ongoing global pandemic caused by SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), we used this novel vaccine platform to rapidly produce fully synthetic MVA (sMVA) vectors co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens, two immunodominant antigens implicated in protective immunity. Mice immunized with these sMVA vectors developed robust SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, including potent neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrate the potential of a novel vaccine platform based on synthetic DNA to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors and to rapidly develop a multi-antigenic poxvirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.

scholarly journals Development of a Synthetic Poxvirus-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Chiuppesi ◽  
Marcela d’Alincourt Salazar ◽  
Heidi Contreras ◽  
Vu H Nguyen ◽  
Joy Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Immunodominant Antigens ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractModified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated poxvirus vector that is widely used to develop vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. We developed a novel vaccine platform based on a unique three-plasmid system to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors from chemically synthesized DNA. In response to the ongoing global pandemic caused by SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), we used this novel vaccine platform to rapidly produce fully synthetic MVA (sMVA) vectors co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens, two immunodominant antigens implicated in protective immunity. Mice immunized with these sMVA vectors developed robust SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, including potent neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrate the potential of a novel vaccine platform based on synthetic DNA to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors and to rapidly develop a multi-antigenic poxvirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.

scholarly journals Development of a multi-antigenic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate using a synthetic poxvirus platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Chiuppesi ◽  
Marcela d’Alincourt Salazar ◽  
Heidi Contreras ◽  
Vu H. Nguyen ◽  
Joy Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Immunodominant Antigens ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractModified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated poxvirus vector that is widely used to develop vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. We demonstrate the construction of a vaccine platform based on a unique three-plasmid system to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors from chemically synthesized DNA. In response to the ongoing global pandemic caused by SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), we use this vaccine platform to rapidly produce fully synthetic MVA (sMVA) vectors co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens, two immunodominant antigens implicated in protective immunity. We show that mice immunized with these sMVA vectors develop robust SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, including potent neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrate the potential of a vaccine platform based on synthetic DNA to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors and to rapidly develop a multi-antigenic poxvirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.

scholarly journals Cellular Immune Responses to Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Constructs Expressing Major Antigens of Region of Difference 1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kholoud Shaban ◽  
Hanady A. Amoudy ◽  
Abu S. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Th1 Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACTBesides being the most widely used vaccine directed against tuberculosis (TB) worldwide,Mycobacterium bovisBCG is also the most controversial vaccine in current use. Its protective efficacy varies widely in different parts of the world. One approach to improving the current BCG vaccine might be to produce recombinant BCG strains that express major antigens encoded by genes that are present in theM. tuberculosis-specific region of difference 1 (RD1), such aspe35,cfp10, andesat6. In this study,pe35,cfp10, andesat6genes were cloned into shuttle plasmid pDE22 to generate the recombinant plasmids PDE22-PE35, PDE22-CFP10, and PDE22-ESAT6, which were electroporated into BCG to generate recombinant BCGs (rBCGs). The cellular immune responses (antigen-induced proliferation and secretion of selected T helper 1 [Th1], Th2, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., gamma interferon [IFN-γ], interleukin 5 [IL-5], and IL-10, respectively) that are specific to the proteins of cloned genes were studied by using spleen cells from mice immunized with native BCGs and rBCGs and synthetic peptides covering the protein sequence of the cloned genes. The results showed that the spleen cells did not secrete IL-5, whereas IL-10 was secreted in response to peptides of all three proteins from mice immunized with rBCGs only, suggesting expression of the cloned genes andin vivopriming of spleen cells to the expressed proteins. However, in Th1 cell assays that correlate with protective cellular immune responses, i.e., antigen-induced proliferation and IFN-γ secretion, only mice immunized with rBCG-pDE22-PE35 yielded positive responses to the peptides of PE35. These results suggest that rBCG-PDE22-PE35 is the only one of the three vaccines used in this work that is worthy of consideration as a new vaccine candidate against TB.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6505) ◽  
pp. 812-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abishek Chandrashekar ◽  
Jinyan Liu ◽  
Amanda J. Martinot ◽  
Katherine McMahan ◽  
Noe B. Mercado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Macaque Model ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunologic Control ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Public Health Strategies

An understanding of protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for vaccine and public health strategies aimed at ending the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A key unanswered question is whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in protective immunity against reexposure. We developed a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and observed that macaques had high viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tract, humoral and cellular immune responses, and pathologic evidence of viral pneumonia. After the initial viral clearance, animals were rechallenged with SARS-CoV-2 and showed 5 log10 reductions in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa compared with after the primary infection. Anamnestic immune responses after rechallenge suggested that protection was mediated by immunologic control. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced protective immunity against reexposure in nonhuman primates.

scholarly journals Characterization, cloning and immunogenicity of antigens released by lung-stage larvae of Schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HARROP ◽  
P. S. COULSON ◽  
R. A. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Expression Libraries

Lung-stage schistosomula are the target of protective immunity in mice vaccinated with attenuated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. Therefore, proteins present at this developmental stage, and in particular those which are secreted, are a potential source of novel vaccine candidates. However, little information is available about such molecules. Here we describe the cDNA clones identified by screening expression libraries with serum raised against proteins released by lung-stage schistosomula. In total, 11 different cDNA species were identified, 6 of which have been described previously in S. mansoni; these included fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and Sm21.7 which together accounted for two-thirds of all positive clones. Of the 5 newly described schistosome genes, 1 cDNA had a high degree of homology to the s5a subunit of 26S proteasomes, most significant being with the human protein. The remaining 4 clones showed no significant homologies to any genes sequenced previously. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, Sm21.7, the proteasome homologue and 1 unknown clone (A26) have been expressed in a bacterial expression system and serum produced against each recombinant protein. Immunolocalization showed fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, Sm21.7 and the proteasome homologue to be most abundant in muscle cells whilst clone A26 was distributed throughout many tissues, but was most abundant in the tegument. Analysis of the cellular immune responses of vaccinated mice showed 3 of the 4 expressed clones to be highly immunogenic, inducing the secretion of large quantities of the Th1-type cytokine interferon gamma.

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