scholarly journals Molecular Integrity of Mitochondria Alters by Potassium Chloride

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Mishra ◽  
Rajnikant Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteome ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mice Liver

Potassium chloride (KCl) has been commonly used in homogenization buffer and procedures of protein extraction. It is known to facilitate release of membrane-associated molecules but the higher concentration of KCl may affect the integrity of mitochondria by breaching the electrostatic force between the lipids and proteins. Therefore, it has been intended to explore the effect of KCl on mitochondrial proteome. The mitochondria were isolated from the mice liver and sub-fractionated into mitochondrial matrix and outer mitochondrial membrane fraction. The fractions were analysed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and 2D-PAGE. The analysis of ultrastructure and protein profiles by MALDI-MS and data-mining reveals KCl-associated alterations in the integrity of mitochondria and its proteome. The mitochondrial membrane, cristae, and the matrix proteins appear altered under the influence of KCl.

scholarly journals Endophilin B1 is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology

2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (7) ◽  
pp. 1027-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Karbowski ◽  
Seon-Yong Jeong ◽  
Richard J. Youle
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Network ◽  
Truncated Protein ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Membrane Compartment ◽  
Mitochondrial Distribution

We report that a fatty acyl transferase, endophilin B1, is required for maintenance of mitochondrial morphology. Down-regulation of this protein or overexpression of endophilin B1 lacking the NH2-terminal lipid-modifying domain causes striking alterations of the mitochondrial distribution and morphology. Dissociation of the outer mitochondrial membrane compartment from that of the matrix, and formation of vesicles and tubules of outer mitochondrial membrane, was also observed in both endophilin B1 knockdown cells and after overexpression of the truncated protein, indicating that endophilin B1 is required for the regulation of the outer mitochondrial membrane dynamics. We also show that endophilin B1 translocates to the mitochondria during the synchronous remodeling of the mitochondrial network that has been described to occur during apoptosis. Double knockdown of endophilin B1 and Drp1 leads to a mitochondrial phenotype identical to that of the Drp1 single knockdown, a result consistent with Drp1 acting upstream of endophilin B1 in the maintenance of morphological dynamics of mitochondria.

Synthesis of intracellular membrane proteins in vitro. Relation between rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrane

1979 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
G.C. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Reticulocyte Lysate ◽  
Dependent Protein

Hepatic rough microsomes were incubated in a messenger-dependent protein-synthesizing system from rabbit reticulocytes. Up to 30% of the total product labelled with [35S]methionine, and subsequently recovered with the microsomes, was located in an intrinsic protein fraction associated with these membranes, i.e. was retained by the membrane following extensive sonication in the presence of 1.5 M KCl, 0.1% deoxycholate, and 5 mM ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA). When products synthesized with the use of membrane-free mRNA from rough microsomes and free polysome were post-incubated with rough microsomes, ribosome-stripped rough microsomes, or outer mitochondrial membrane, low amounts of intrinsic-type polypeptide product were recovered with these membranes. Higher recovery was achieved, however, when ribosome-stripped rough microsomes were added at the beginning of polypeptide synthesis in a reticulocyte lysate supplemented with additional ribosomal-wash factors. Analysis of these products by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that a number co-migrated with intrinsic proteins located in both rough microsomes and mitochondrial outer membrane. In addition, a prominent in vitro product co-migrated with a major protein which is located in outer mitochondrial membrane fractions, but is barely detectable in rough microsomal fractions. The present experiments were unable to detect a unique set of intrinsic polypeptides which were synthesized and assembled in vitro under the direction of mRNA from free polysomes, and not from rough microsomes. The results suggest that synthesis of at least some intrinsic membrane proteins which are destined for the outer mitochondrial membrane occurs on rough ER in rat liver.

scholarly journals Two distinct membrane potential–dependent steps drive mitochondrial matrix protein translocation

2016 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Benjamin Schendzielorz ◽  
Christian Schulz ◽  
Oleksandr Lytovchenko ◽  
Anne Clancy ◽  
Bernard Guiard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Energy Dependent

Two driving forces energize precursor translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although the membrane potential (Δψ) is considered to drive translocation of positively charged presequences through the TIM23 complex (presequence translocase), the activity of the Hsp70-powered import motor is crucial for the translocation of the mature protein portion into the matrix. In this study, we show that mitochondrial matrix proteins display surprisingly different dependencies on the Δψ. However, a precursor’s hypersensitivity to a reduction of the Δψ is not linked to the respective presequence, but rather to the mature portion of the polypeptide chain. The presequence translocase constituent Pam17 is specifically recruited by the receptor Tim50 to promote the transport of hypersensitive precursors into the matrix. Our analyses show that two distinct Δψ-driven translocation steps energize precursor passage across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The Δψ- and Pam17-dependent import step identified in this study is positioned between the two known energy-dependent steps: Δψ-driven presequence translocation and adenosine triphosphate–driven import motor activity.

Glucose metabolism in cancer cells: immunogold localization of hexokinase to the outer mitochondrial membrane

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1044-1045
Author(s):  
Krishan K. Arora ◽  
Glenn L. Decker ◽  
Peter L. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Mitochondrial Fraction ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Immunogold Localization ◽  
Hexokinase Activity ◽  
Normal Tissues

Hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phophotransferase EC 2.7.1.1) is the first enzyme of the glycolytic pathway which commits glucose to catabolism by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose with ATP. Previous studies have shown diat hexokinase activity is markedly elevated in rapidly growing tumor cells exhibiting high glucose catabolic rates. A large fraction (50-80%) of this enzyme activity is bound to the mitochondrial fraction (1,2) where it has preferred access to ATP (3). In contrast,the hexokinase activity of normal tissues is quite low, with one exception being brain which is a glucose-utilizing tissue (4). Biochemical evidence involving rigorous subfractionation studies have revealed striking differences between the subcellular distribution of hexokinase in normal and tumor cells [See review by Arora et al (4)].In the present report, we have utilized immunogold labeling techniques to evaluate die subcellular localization of hexokinase in highly glycolytic AS-30D hepatoma cells and in the tissue of its origin, i.e., rat liver.

Distribution of VLA-5 and VLA-4 fibronectin receptors in human monocytes demonstrated by immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, and autoradiography

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
Robert Williams ◽  
Che-Hung Lee ◽  
Sara E. Quella ◽  
David M. Harlan ◽  
Yuan-Hsu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Extracellular Matrices ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Cytokine Stimulation ◽  
Monocyte Adherence

Monocyte adherence to endothelial or extracellular matrices plays an important role in triggering monocyte activation in extravascular sites of infection, chronic inflammatory disorders, and tissue damage. Migration of monocytes in the tissues involves the response to a chemoattractant and movement by a series of attachments and detachments to the extracellular matrices which are regulated by expression and distribution of specific receptors for the matrix proteins such as fibronectin (FN). The VSAs (very late antigens or beta integrins), a subfamily of the transmembrane heterodimeric integrin receptors, have been thought to play a major role in monocyte adherence to the extracellular matrices and cells. In this subfamily, VLA-5 and VLA-4 are believed to be the most essential integrins mediating monocyte adherence to FN. In the present report, we have established and compared different procedures for morphological evaluation of the expression and distribution of the FN receptors on human monocytes in order to investigate their response to endotoxin or cytokine stimulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document