scholarly journals Microbiome and Asthma: What Have Experimental Models Already Taught Us?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bonamichi-Santos ◽  
M. V. Aun ◽  
R. C. Agondi ◽  
J. Kalil ◽  
P. Giavina-Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Respiratory Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that imposes a substantial burden on patients, their families, and the community. Although many aspects of the pathogenesis of classical allergic asthma are well known by the scientific community, other points are not yet understood. Experimental asthma models, particularly murine models, have been used for over 100 years in order to better understand the immunopathology of asthma. It has been shown that human microbiome is an important component in the development of the immune system. Furthermore, the occurrence of many inflammatory diseases is influenced by the presence of microbes. Again, experimental models of asthma have helped researchers to understand the relationship between the microbiome and respiratory inflammation. In this review, we discuss the evolution of murine models of asthma and approach the major studies involving the microbiome and asthma.

Nuclear receptor Nur77: its role in chronic inflammatory diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne C. Lith ◽  
Carlie J.M. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Signaling Complex

Abstract Nur77 is a nuclear receptor that has been implicated as a regulator of inflammatory disease. The expression of Nur77 increases upon stimulation of immune cells and is differentially expressed in chronically inflamed organs in human and experimental models. Furthermore, in a variety of animal models dedicated to study inflammatory diseases, changes in Nur77 expression alter disease outcome. The available studies comprise a wealth of information on the function of Nur77 in diverse cell types and tissues. Negative cross-talk of Nur77 with the NFκB signaling complex is an example of Nur77 effector function. An alternative mechanism of action has been established, involving Nur77-mediated modulation of metabolism in macrophages as well as in T cells. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the role of Nur77 in atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis. Detailed insight in the control of inflammatory responses will be essential in order to advance Nur77-targeted therapeutic interventions in inflammatory disease.

scholarly journals PSORIASIS AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH FOOD: LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Bárbara Paixão de Gois ◽  
Thaís Verdolin Formiga ◽  
Marynara Resendes Parreao ◽  
Araída Dias Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and joints, autoimmune, which affects about 125 million people worldwide, and is associated with several comorbidities. The dietary pattern can influence, both in the prevention, treatment or cause of the disease, therefore, this integrative review sought to understand the relationship between food and psoriasis, as well as the influence and interaction of nutrients with it. A survey was carried out in the scientific literature regarding the relationship between psoriasis and food, which obtained studies about the reduction or increase of the disease severity. Therefore, it can be observed that some foods have a triggering action, such as pepper and gluten, and others collaborate for a clinical improvement, such as fish and olive oil, foods that are present in a Mediterranean diet. Thus, individualized nutritional care for psoriasis patients is important. Keywords: Food, Diet, Psoriasis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the mechanisms of sarcopenia in chronic inflammatory disease: protocol for a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal Dhaliwal ◽  
Felicity R. Williams ◽  
Jonathan I. Quinlan ◽  
Sophie L. Allen ◽  
Carolyn Greig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Disease Specific

Abstract Background Several chronic inflammatory diseases co-exist with and accelerate sarcopenia (reduction in muscle strength, function and mass) and negatively impact on both morbidity and mortality. There is currently limited research on the extent of sarcopenia in such conditions, how to accurately assess it and whether there are generic or disease-specific mechanisms driving sarcopenia. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential mechanisms driving sarcopenia within chronic inflammatory disease via a multi-modal approach; in an attempt to help define potential interventions for future use. Methods This prospective cohort study will consist of a multi-modal assessment of sarcopenia and its underlying mechanisms. Recruitment will target three chronic inflammatory diseases: chronic liver disease (CLD) (n=50), with a subset of NAFLD (n=20), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n=50) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n=50) both before and after therapeutic intervention. In addition, 20 age and sex matched healthy individuals will be recruited for comparison. Participants will undergo 4 assessment visits at weeks 0, 2, 12 and 24. Visits will consist of the following assessments: blood tests, anthropometrics, functional assessment, quadriceps muscle imaging, actigraphy, quality of life questionnaires, food diary collection and muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis (at weeks 2 and 24 only). In addition, stool and urine samples will be collected for future microbiome and metabolomics analysis. Discussion This is the first study to use a multi-modal assessment model to phenotype sarcopenia in these chronic inflammatory diseases. We hope to identify generic as well as disease-specific mechanisms driving sarcopenia. We appreciate that these cohorts do require separate standards of care treatments which limit comparison between groups. Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Health Research Authority - West Midlands Solihull Research Ethics Service Committee Authority (REC reference: 18/WM/0167). Recruitment commenced in January 2019 and will continue until July 2021. The study was halted in March 2020 and again in January 2021 with the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. All data will be stored on a secure server. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04734496

scholarly journals Maternal Prenatal Microbiome and Infant’s Immune System at the Origins of the Development of Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Enrique Naranjo Logroño ◽  
Leslie Gricel Cuzco Macías ◽  
Alison Tamara Ruiz Chico ◽  
Anthony Alfonso Naranjo Coronel
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
First Year ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The human microbiome refers to the presence of microorganisms that live with its host. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the maternal perinatal microbiome and the development of the infant’s immune system, at the origins of the development of health and disease. Methodology: A non-systematic bibliographic review was carried out, including those controlled and randomized clinical trials focused on the relationship of the prenatal maternal microbiome and the infant’s immune system. And all those works whose approach was different from the topic raised were excluded. Discussion: 20 min after birth, the microbiome of newborns by vaginal delivery resembles the microbiota of their mother’s vagina, while those born by caesarean section house microbial communities that are usually found in human skin. The acquisition of the microbiome continues during the first years of life, with a microbiome of the baby’s gastrointestinal tract beginning to resemble that of an adult from the first year of life. Conclusion: Bacteria are microorganisms that have managed to colonize the vast majority of land surfaces, showing great adaptability. The human being is not indifferent, and hypotheses have been raised that affirm his participation in the development of health and the onset of the disease. Keywords: microbiota, inmune system, infant nutritional physiological phenomena. RESUMEN Introducción: El microbioma humano se refiere a la presencia de microorganismos que conviven con su hospedero. Objetivo: Analizar la relación existente entre el microbioma materno perinatal y el desarrollo del sistema inmune del lactante, en los orígenes del desarrollo de la salud y enfermedad. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica no sistemática, donde se incluyeron aquellos ensayos clínicos controlados y randomizados enfocados en la relación del microbioma materno prenatal y el sistema inmune del lactante. Y se excluyeron todos aquellos trabajos cuyo enfoque fue diferente al tema planteado. Resultados: Se encontraron 61 fuentes bibliográficas, de las cuales se incluyeron 53 artículos que contenían la información relacionada al tema y publicados en los últimos 11 años. Discusión: 20 min después del nacimiento, el microbioma de los recién nacidos por parto vaginal se asemeja a la microbiota de la vagina de su madre, mientras que los nacidos por cesárea albergan comunidades microbianas que generalmente se encuentran en la piel humana. La adquisición del microbioma continúa durante los primeros años de vida, con un el microbioma del tracto gastrointestinal del bebé comienza a parecerse al de un adulto desde el primer año de vida. Conclusiones: Las bacterias, son microorganismos que han logrado colonizar la gran mayoría de las superficies terrestres, mostrando una gran capacidad de adaptación. El ser humano, no es indiferente, y se han planteado hipótesis que aseveran su participación en el desarrollo de la salud e inicio de la enfermedad. Palabras clave: microbiota, sistema inmunológico, fenómenos fisiológicos nutricionales del lactante.

scholarly journals Exploring the Interface between Inflammatory and Therapeutic Glucocorticoid Induced Bone and Muscle Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine M. Webster ◽  
Chloe G. Fenton ◽  
Ramon Langen ◽  
Rowan S. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Models Of Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Signalling ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoids

Due to their potent immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory properties, synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely utilized in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease. In this review, we examine our current understanding of how chronic inflammation and commonly used therapeutic GCs interact to regulate bone and muscle metabolism. Whilst both inflammation and therapeutic GCs directly promote systemic osteoporosis and muscle wasting, the mechanisms whereby they achieve this are distinct. Importantly, their interactions in vivo are greatly complicated secondary to the directly opposing actions of GCs on a wide array of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways that underpin catabolic and anti-anabolic metabolism. Several clinical studies have attempted to address the net effects of therapeutic glucocorticoids on inflammatory bone loss and muscle wasting using a range of approaches. These have yielded a wide array of results further complicated by the nature of inflammatory disease, underlying the disease management and regimen of GC therapy. Here, we report the latest findings related to these pathway interactions and explore the latest insights from murine models of disease aimed at modelling these processes and delineating the contribution of pre-receptor steroid metabolism. Understanding these processes remains paramount in the effective management of patients with chronic inflammatory disease.

scholarly journals The Biological Efficacy of Natural Products against Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in the Oral Region

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Ara ◽  
Sachie Nakatani ◽  
Kenji Kobata ◽  
Norio Sogawa ◽  
Chiharu Sogawa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Oral Region ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The oral inflammatory diseases are divided into two types: acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the biological efficacy of herbal medicine, natural products, and their active ingredients against acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral region, especially stomatitis and periodontitis. We review the effects of herbal medicines and a biscoclaurin alkaloid preparation, cepharamthin, as a therapy against stomatitis, an acute inflammatory disease. We also summarize the effects of herbal medicines and natural products against periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, and one of its clinical conditions, alveolar bone resorption. Recent studies show that several herbal medicines such as kakkonto and ninjinto reduce LPS-induced PGE 2 production by human gingival fibroblasts. Among herbs constituting these herbal medicines, shokyo (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and kankyo (Zingiberis Processum Rhizoma) strongly reduce PGE 2 production. Moreover, anti-osteoclast activity has been observed in some natural products with anti-inflammatory effects used against rheumatoid arthritis such as carotenoids, flavonoids, limonoids, and polyphenols. These herbal medicines and natural products could be useful for treating oral inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Purinergic Signaling in Neutrophils During Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Sun ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Pingsong Li ◽  
Yumei Li ◽  
Bingwei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Complex Events ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Purinergic signaling is that nucleotides (especially ATP) and adenosine are utilized as transmitter molecules, which play an important role in the immune system. In the extracellular ventricle, ATP plays a significant role of pro-inflammatory molecules mainly through activating P2 receptors, while adenosine plays the role of anti-inflammatory molecules mainly through activating P1 receptors. As we know，neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in our circulation and have become an essential part of coordinating a series of complex events during inflammatory diseases. However, due to the destruction of inflammatory substances from neutrophils, the activation of neutrophils is fine-tuned, and purinergic signaling is associated with this process. As a matter of fact, altering the balance between P2 and P1 signals is of great importance for neutrophils to exert immune activities properly. Here, we review the role of purinergic signaling in regulatory function of neutrophils during inflammatory disease, and then discuss the potential contribution of targeted purinergic signals in the treatment of the neutrophil during inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Potential Promise in Treating Atherosclerosis?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximei Zhang ◽  
Julie Wang ◽  
Jacob Colello ◽  
Song Guo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which results in thickening of the vessel wall and narrowing of the lumen. It is a leading cause of death worldwide. Preventive treatment is taken into prioritized consideration since currently no effective approaches to cure atherosclerosis are available. These treatments mainly focus on lowering blood cholesterol levels, especially LDL-C, by statins. Even so, lowering lipid levels is not sufficient to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in all patients. Recently, atherosclerosis has increasingly been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease involving the immune system, initiating new therapeutic approaches which could alleviate or prevent atherosclerosis by modulating inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising option to relieve inflammation and balance immune responses in inflammatory diseases. Several studies including our group also reported that MSCs may be a new therapeutic option for atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the updated state of our knowledge in the administration of MSCs to alleviate atherosclerosis and discusses some of the key unresolved challenges that need to be solved in future studies.

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