scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from Human Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Joachim Eisele ◽  
Philipp Markart ◽  
Richard Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a frequent disease mainly affecting obese people and caused by repetitive collapse of the upper airways during sleep. The increased morbidity and mortality of OSA are mainly thought to be the consequence of its adverse effects on cardiovascular (CV) health. In this context, oxidative stress induced by nocturnal intermittent hypoxia has been identified to play a major role. This is suggested by biomarker studies in OSA patients showing excessively generated reactive oxygen species from leukocytes, reduced plasma levels of nitrite and nitrate, increased lipid peroxidation, and reduced antioxidant capacity. Biopsy studies complement these findings by demonstrating reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and increased nitrotyrosine immunofluorescence in the vasculature of these patients. Furthermore, oxidative stress in OSA correlates with surrogate markers of CV disease such as endothelial function, intima-media thickness, and high blood pressure. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy reverses oxidative stress in OSA. The same may be true for antioxidants; however, more studies are needed to clarify this issue.

Influence of obstructive sleep apnea on ischemia-modified albumin levels and carotid intima-media thickness

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Karamanli ◽  
Aysel Kiyici ◽  
Bilal Arik ◽  
Duran Efe ◽  
Recep Akgedik
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is strongly associated with the presence of significant risk factors for cardiovascular disturbances. A disturbance in the oxidative/antioxidative balance is involved in the pathogenesis of OSA and cardiovascular diseases. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is suggested as a novel marker of oxidative stress; IMA can be defined as decreased binding of transitional metal ions to serum albumin in oxidative status. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of OSA on IMA levels and CIMT. In total, 61 individuals with OSA with no comorbidities and 24 healthy controls with a similar body mass index and age were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of IMA, CIMT (estimated radiologically), and polysomnographic parameters, were determined and interpreted. Serum IMA levels were significantly higher in individuals with OSA compared with the control group (p=0.0003). CIMT was significantly higher in the OSA group compared with the control group (0.88± 0.26 mm vs 0.75±0.17 mm, p=0.005). The CIMT and serum IMA levels were positively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (r=0.35 and r=0.32, respectively), and with the oxygen desaturation index (r=0.34 and r=0.29, respectively) at baseline. Increased IMA levels and CIMT may be related to increased oxidative stress and risk of atherosclerosis in individuals with OSA.

scholarly journals Is the Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Cardiovascular Complications?—Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3734
Author(s):  
Piotr Fiedorczuk ◽  
Adam Stróżyński ◽  
Ewa Olszewska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Protein Peroxidation ◽  
Cv Disease

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent, underdiagnosed disease and is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The exact mechanism of cardiovascular complications (CVC) development as a complication of OSA is not entirely understood. Oxidative stress is suspected to be the essential factor in initiating various comorbidities in OSA. Biomarkers of nonenzymatic lipid and protein peroxidation, DNA repair and antioxidant capabilities measured in serum, plasma and urine are frequently used to assess the presence of oxidative stress. We conducted a systematic review and quality assessment of available observational analytic studies to determine whether there is an association between oxidative stress and OSA in patients with prevalent CV disease compared to (a) patients with prevalent CV disease but no OSA, (b) patients with prevalent CV disease and less severe OSA and (c) patients with OSA and no overt CV disease. This systematic review demonstrated that, while oxidative stress is associated with OSA, there was no clear difference in the severity of oxidative stress between OSA patients with or without cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Markers among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Agata Stanek ◽  
Klaudia Brożyna-Tkaczyk ◽  
Wojciech Myśliński
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic respiratory disorder, which can be present in up to 50% of the population, depending on the country. OSA is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways with consistent movement of the respiratory musculature during sleep. Apneas and hypopneas can lead to a decrease in oxygen saturation, an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood, and subsequent arousals and sleep fragmentation caused by repetitive activation of the central nervous system. As a consequence, intermittent hypoxemia and consequent reoxygenation result in the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to systematic oxidative stress, which is postulated to be a key mechanism of endothelial dysfunction and increased risk for cardiovascular disorders in patients with OSA. In this review, various biomarkers of oxidative stress, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, superoxide dismutase, cell-free DNA, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, advanced oxidation protein products, lipid peroxidation products, receptor for advanced glycation end-products, and thioredoxin are discussed. Biomarkers of oxidative stress have the potential to be used to assess disease severity and treatment response. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is one of the most common noninvasive treatments for OSA; it keeps the upper airways open during sleep. This reduces episodes of intermittent hypoxia, reoxygenation, and arousal at night. CPAP has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and decrease oxidative stress. The administration of certain compounds, like vitamins A, C, and E as well as N-acetylcysteine and allopurinol, can decrease oxidative stress markers. However, their role in the treatment of OSA remains unclear.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarker Expression in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Maniaci ◽  
Giannicola Iannella ◽  
Salvatore Cocuzza ◽  
Claudio Vicini ◽  
Giuseppe Magliulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory sleep disorder characterised by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during the night. This obstruction usually occurs with a reduction (hypopnea) or complete cessation (apnea) of the airflow in the upper airways with the persistence of thoracic-diaphragmatic respiratory movements. During the hypopnea/apnea events, poor alveolar ventilation reduces the oxygen saturation in the arterial blood (SaO2) and a gradual increase in the partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The direct consequence of the intermittent hypoxia is an oxidative imbalance, with reactive oxygen species production and the inflammatory cascade’s activation with pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines growth. Tumour necrosis factors, inflammatory cytokines (IL2, IL4, IL6), lipid peroxidation, and cell-free DNA have been found to increase in OSAS patients. However, even though different risk-related markers have been described and analysed in the literature, it has not yet been clarified whether specified inflammatory bio-markers better correlates with OSAS diagnosis and its clinical evolution/comorbidities. We perform a scientific literature review to discuss inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers currently tested in OSAS patients and their correlation with the disease’s severity and treatment.

scholarly journals Understanding the role of oxidative stress in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Kargar ◽  
Zahra Zamanian ◽  
Majid Bagheri Hosseinabadi ◽  
Vahid Gharibi ◽  
Mohammad Sanyar Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Background Understanding the causes and risk factors of metabolic syndrome is important for promoting population health. Oxidative stress has been associated with metabolic syndrome, and also obstructive sleep apnea. These are two diseases which have common prognostic characteristics for heart disease. The aim of this study was to examine the role of oxidative stress in the concurrent presence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea in a working population. Methods Participants were 163 artisan bakers in Shahroud, Iran, routinely exposed to significant heat stress and other oxidative stress indicators on a daily basis as part of their work. Using a cross-sectional design, data relevant to determining metabolic syndrome status according to International Diabetes Federation criteria, and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea according to the STOP-Bang score, was collected. Analyses included hierarchical binary logistic regression to yield predictors of the two diseases. Results Hierarchical binary logistic regression showed that oxidative stress – alongside obesity, no regular exercise, and smoking – was an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome, but not obstructive sleep apnea. Participants who were obese were 28 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome (OR 28.59, 95% CI 4.91–63.02) and 44 times more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea (OR 44.48, 95% CI 4.91–403.28). Participants meeting metabolic syndrome criteria had significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde (p <  0.05) than those who did not. No difference in oxidative stress index levels were found according to obstructive sleep apnea status. Conclusions Our findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the onset of metabolic syndrome, and that obstructive sleep apnea is involved in oxidative stress. Whilst obesity, exercise, and smoking remain important targets for reducing the incidence of metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea, policies to control risks of prolonged exposure to oxidative stress are also relevant in occupations where such environmental conditions exist.

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