scholarly journals Neural Processing of Emotional Prosody across the Adult Lifespan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Ramona Demenescu ◽  
Yutaka Kato ◽  
Klaus Mathiak
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Emotional Prosody ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

Emotion recognition deficits emerge with the increasing age, in particular, a decline in the identification of sadness. However, little is known about the age-related changes of emotion processing in sensory, affective, and executive brain areas. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated neural correlates of auditory processing of prosody across adult lifespan. Unattended detection of emotional prosody changes was assessed in 21 young (age range: 18–35 years), 19 middle-aged (age range: 36–55 years), and 15 older (age range: 56–75 years) adults. Pseudowords uttered with neutral prosody were standards in an oddball paradigm with angry, sad, happy, and gender deviants (total 20% deviants). Changes in emotional prosody and voice gender elicited bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG) responses reflecting automatic encoding of prosody. At the right STG, responses to sad deviants decreased linearly with age, whereas happy events exhibited a nonlinear relationship. In contrast to behavioral data, no age by sex interaction emerged on the neural networks. The aging decline of emotion processing of prosodic cues emerges already at an early automatic stage of information processing at the level of the auditory cortex. However, top-down modulation may lead to an additional perceptional bias, for example, towards positive stimuli, and may depend on context factors such as the listener’s sex.

Asymmetry in Event-Related Potentials to Simulated Auditory Motion in Children, Young Adults, and Seniors

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Rebecca Estes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Velocity Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

We studied auditory evoked responses to the apparent movement of a burst of noise in the horizontal plane. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in three groups of participants: children in the age range from 9 to 12 years, young adults in the age range from 18 to 34 years, and seniors in the age range from 65 to 80 years. The topographic distribution of grand-averaged ERP activity was substantially greater over the right hemisphere in children and seniors but slightly greater over the left hemisphere in young adults. This finding may be related to age-related differences in the extent to which judgments of sound movement are based on displacement versus velocity information.

scholarly journals Neurometabolic Correlates of Reactive and Proactive Motor Inhibition in Young and Older Adults: Evidence from Multiple Regional 1H-MR Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akila Weerasekera ◽  
Oron Levin ◽  
Amanda Clauwaert ◽  
Kirstin-Friederike Heise ◽  
Lize Hermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reactive Inhibition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Suboptimal inhibitory control is a major factor contributing to motor/cognitive deficits in older age and pathology. Here, we provide novel insights into the neurochemical biomarkers of inhibitory control in healthy young and older adults and highlight putative neurometabolic correlates of deficient inhibitory functions in normal aging. Age-related alterations in levels of glutamate–glutamine complex (Glx), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mIns) were assessed in the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG), pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), bilateral sensorimotor cortex (SM1), bilateral striatum (STR), and occipital cortex (OCC) with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Data were collected from 30 young (age range 18–34 years) and 29 older (age range 60–74 years) adults. Associations between age-related changes in the levels of these metabolites and performance measures or reactive/proactive inhibition were examined for each age group. Glx levels in the right striatum and preSMA were associated with more efficient proactive inhibition in young adults but were not predictive for reactive inhibition performance. Higher NAA/mIns ratios in the preSMA and RIFG and lower mIns levels in the OCC were associated with better deployment of proactive and reactive inhibition in older adults. Overall, these findings suggest that altered regional concentrations of NAA and mIns constitute potential biomarkers of suboptimal inhibitory control in aging.

scholarly journals Machine-Learning Analysis of Voice Samples Recorded through Smartphones: The Combined Effect of Ageing and Gender

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5022
Author(s):  
Francesco Asci ◽  
Giovanni Costantini ◽  
Pietro Di Leo ◽  
Alessandro Zampogna ◽  
Giovanni Ruoppolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Learning Analysis

Background: Experimental studies using qualitative or quantitative analysis have demonstrated that the human voice progressively worsens with ageing. These studies, however, have mostly focused on specific voice features without examining their dynamic interaction. To examine the complexity of age-related changes in voice, more advanced techniques based on machine learning have been recently applied to voice recordings but only in a laboratory setting. We here recorded voice samples in a large sample of healthy subjects. To improve the ecological value of our analysis, we collected voice samples directly at home using smartphones. Methods: 138 younger adults (65 males and 73 females, age range: 15–30) and 123 older adults (47 males and 76 females, age range: 40–85) produced a sustained emission of a vowel and a sentence. The recorded voice samples underwent a machine learning analysis through a support vector machine algorithm. Results: The machine learning analysis of voice samples from both speech tasks discriminated between younger and older adults, and between males and females, with high statistical accuracy. Conclusions: By recording voice samples through smartphones in an ecological setting, we demonstrated the combined effect of age and gender on voice. Our machine learning analysis demonstrates the effect of ageing on voice.

scholarly journals The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2387-2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Ben-Shachar ◽  
Robert F. Dougherty ◽  
Gayle K. Deutsch ◽  
Brian A. Wandell
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Right

The ability to extract visual word forms quickly and efficiently is essential for using reading as a tool for learning. We describe the first longitudinal fMRI study to chart individual changes in cortical sensitivity to written words as reading develops. We conducted four annual measurements of brain function and reading skills in a heterogeneous group of children, initially 7–12 years old. The results show age-related increase in children's cortical sensitivity to word visibility in posterior left occipito-temporal sulcus (LOTS), nearby the anatomical location of the visual word form area. Moreover, the rate of increase in LOTS word sensitivity specifically correlates with the rate of improvement in sight word efficiency, a measure of speeded overt word reading. Other cortical regions, including V1, posterior parietal cortex, and the right homologue of LOTS, did not demonstrate such developmental changes. These results provide developmental support for the hypothesis that LOTS is part of the cortical circuitry that extracts visual word forms quickly and efficiently and highlight the importance of developing cortical sensitivity to word visibility in reading acquisition.

scholarly journals Impaired mixed emotion processing in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: an fMRI study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám György Szabó ◽  
Kinga Farkas ◽  
Csilla Marosi ◽  
Lajos R. Kozák ◽  
Gábor Rudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals TONEBURST-EVOKED ABR: NORMS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sanjay K Munjal ◽  
Rawish Kumar ◽  
Anuradha Sharma ◽  
Naresh K Panda
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Test Population ◽  
Absolute Latency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range

Background: The ABR procedure has become a powerful non-invasive technique to assess the integrity of the auditory processing system particularly in infants and difficult-to-test subjects. The inability of click stimulus in frequency selectivity the tone burst makes it possible to obtain relatively narrow frequency range responses, particularly at lower frequencies. However, the click-evoked ABR does not provide frequency-specific information of the auditory system. The lack of normative data and the potential usefulness of the toneburst-evoked ABR, the present study aimed to establish gender-specific norms for the same at the octave frequencies. Methods: Twenty normal hearing subjects within the age range 18 to 25 years were examined followed by tympanometry, puretone audiometry and toneburst ABR for 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 8000Hz in each ear. Results: Wave-V was identified till 20 dBnHL for all tested frequencies with a decrease in mean absolute latency of waves with increase in frequency. Mean absolute latency of each wave was shorter in female than male for the tested frequencies. The difference in mean of puretone and TB-ABR thresholds ranged between 8-11.25 dBnHL for different frequencies. Conclusion: TB-ABR can be reliably used as an excellent tool to achieve frequency-specific information for difficult-to-test population.

scholarly journals Frequency and Strategicness of Clock-Checking Explain Detrimental Age-Effects in Time-Based Prospective Memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Joly-Burra ◽  
Maximilian Haas ◽  
Gianvito Laera ◽  
Paolo Ghisletta ◽  
Matthias Kliegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Respective Contribution ◽  
Age Range

Previous studies report that checking a clock either frequently or strategically (immediately before a target-time) improves the likelihood of remembering to perform a planned intention at a specific time (time-based prospective memory, TBPM). To disentangle the respective contribution of frequent vs. strategic clock-checking to age-related decrease in TBPM performance, we propose a new, more fine-grained indicator of strategicness. Together, both aspects of clock-checking fully mediated the negative age effect on TBPM performance and explained 54.6% of the variance of TBPM performance in an adult lifespan sample (N=221, age-range = 19-86), thereby providing avenues of intervention for improving older adults’ TBPM.

scholarly journals Using Fractal Dimension Analysis with the Desikan–Killiany Atlas to Assess the Effects of Normal Aging on Subregional Cortex Alterations in Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Chi-Wen Jao ◽  
Chi Ieong Lau ◽  
Li-Ming Lien ◽  
Yuh-Feng Tsai ◽  
Kuang-En Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dimension Analysis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Study Participants

Normal aging is associated with functional and structural alterations in the human brain. The effects of normal aging and gender on morphological changes in specific regions of the brain are unknown. The fractal dimension (FD) can be a quantitative measure of cerebral folding. In this study, we used 3D-FD analysis with the Desikan–Killiany (DK) atlas to assess subregional morphological changes in adulthood. A total of 258 participants (112 women and 146 men) aged 30–85 years participated in this study. Participants in the middle-age group exhibited a decreased FD in the lateral frontal lobes, which then spread to the temporal and parietal lobes. Men exhibited an earlier and more significant decrease in FD values, mainly in the right frontal and left parietal lobes. Men exhibited more of a decrease in FD values in the subregions on the left than those in the right, whereas women exhibited more of a decrease in the lateral subregions. Older men were at a higher risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and exhibited age-related memory decline earlier than women. Our FD analysis using the DK atlas-based prediagnosis may provide a suitable tool for assessing normal aging and neurodegeneration between groups or in individual patients.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological evidence for impaired auditory sensory memory in Cystinosis despite typical sensory processing: An MMN investigation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana A. Francisco ◽  
John J. Foxe ◽  
Douwe J. Horsthuis ◽  
Sophie Molholm
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Sensory Memory ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Auditory Sensory Memory ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Future Work

AbstractCystinosis, a genetic rare disease characterized by cystine accumulation and crystallization, results in significant damage in a multitude of tissues and organs, such as the kidney, thyroid, eye, and brain. While Cystinosis’ impact on brain function is relatively mild compared to its effects on other organs, the increased lifespan of this population and thus potential for productive societal contributions have led to increased interest on the effects on brain function. Nevertheless, and despite some evidence of structural brain differences, the neural impact of the mutation is still not well characterized.Here, using a passive duration oddball paradigm (with different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), representing different levels of demand on memory) and high-density electrophysiology, we tested basic auditory processing in a group of 22 children and adolescents diagnosed with Cystinosis (age range: 6-17 years old) and in neurotypical age-matched controls (N=24). We examined whether the N1 and mismatch negativity (MMN) significantly differed between the groups and if those neural measures correlated with verbal and non-verbal IQ. Individuals diagnosed with Cystinosis presented similar N1 responses to their age-matched peers, indicating typical basic auditory processing in this population. However, whereas both groups showed similar MMN responses for the shortest (450ms) SOA, suggesting intact change detection and sensory memory, individuals diagnosed with Cystinosis presented clearly reduced responses for the longer (900ms and 1800ms) SOAs. This could indicate reduced duration auditory sensory memory traces, and thus sensory memory impairment, in children and adolescents diagnosed with Cystinosis. Future work addressing other aspects of sensory and working memory is needed to understand the underlying bases of the differences described here, and their implication for higher order processing.

scholarly journals C-reactive protein and sociodemographic parameters in Moscow residents aged 55 years and older

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
V. A. Zhukova ◽  
V. A. Metelskaya ◽  
A. D. Deev ◽  
M. B. Khudyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Education Level ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Aging And Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Aim. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is currently regarded as an important marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the study was to assess the population characteristics of hsCRP in the sample of Moscow residents aged 55 years and older. Material and methods. The analysis included 1851 people (response rate 65 %), who participated in the SAHR (Stress, Aging, and Health in Russia) study. Results. The hsCRP levels were similar in men and women, with the right-skewed distribution. The hsCRP values ranged from 0,5 to 69,5 mg/dl in men (median 1,5 mg/l), and from 0,5 to 75 mg/l in women (median 1,5 mg/l). The mean hsCRP levels were slightly higher in men than in women (3,4±0,19 vs. 3,1±0,15, respectively; р=0,36). Overall, there was no marked age-related dynamics of hsCRP levels in men or women. The prevalence of high hsCRP levels (>3 mg/l) non-significantly increased from 31,2 % in the youngest age group to 36,2 % in those aged 75 years and older. Acute inflammation (hsCRP levels >10 mg/l) was registered in 85 participants (4,5 %), including 42 men and 43 women. After adjustment for age and gender, the lower education level remained a significant predictor of hsCRP elevation. Conclusion. No clear associations between hsCRP and age or gender were observed. However, participants with university and secondary education had significantly lower hsCRP concentrations, compared to their peers with education level lower than secondary.

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