scholarly journals Blood or Urine IP-10 Cannot Discriminate between Active Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Different from Tuberculosis in Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Petrone ◽  
Angela Cannas ◽  
Francesco Aloi ◽  
Martin Nsubuga ◽  
Joseph Sserumkuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Endemic Country ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Inducible Protein ◽  
Immune Assays ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Objectives. Interferon-γinducible protein 10 (IP-10), either in blood or in urine, has been proposed as a tuberculosis (TB) biomarker for adults. This study aims to evaluate the potential of IP-10 diagnostics in children from Uganda, a high TB-endemic country.Methods. IP-10 was measured in the blood and urine concomitantly taken from children who were prospectively enrolled with suspected active TB, with or without HIV infection. Clinical/microbiological parameters and commercially available TB-immune assays (tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON TB-Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT)) were concomitantly evaluated.Results. One hundred twenty-eight children were prospectively enrolled. The analysis was performed on 111 children: 80 (72%) of them were HIV-uninfected and 31 (27.9%) were HIV-infected. Thirty-three healthy adult donors (HAD) were included as controls. The data showed that IP-10 is detectable in the urine and blood of children with active TB, independent of HIV status and age. However, although IP-10 levels were higher in active TB children compared to HAD, the accuracy of identifying “active TB” was low and similar to the TST and QFT-IT.Conclusion. IP-10 levels are higher in children with respiratory illness compared to controls, independent of “TB status” suggesting that the evaluation of this parameter can be used as an inflammatory marker more than a TB test.

scholarly journals Effects of HIV Status on Symptom Severity in Influenza Like Illness in a Healthy, Adult Outpatient Cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Schofield ◽  
Mary Fairchok ◽  
Deepika Mor ◽  
Wei-Ju Chen ◽  
Xun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Adult Outpatient

COMPLEXITY-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19)

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050114 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI ◽  
VLADIMIR V. KULISH
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Shannon’S Entropy ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shannon's Entropy ◽  
Human Lungs

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease, which massively affected human lives in more than 200 countries. Caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, this acute respiratory illness affects the human lungs and can easily spread from person to person. Since the disease heavily affects human lungs, analyzing the X-ray images of the lungs may prove to be a powerful tool for disease investigation. In this research, we use the information contained within the complex structures of X-ray images between the cases of COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, whereas the case of healthy lungs is taken as the reference point. To analyze X-ray images, we benefit from the concept of Shannon’s entropy and fractal theory. Shannon’s entropy is directly related to the amount of information contained within the X-ray images in question, whereas fractal theory is used to analyze the complexity of these images. The results, obtained in this study, show that the method of fractal analysis can detect the level of infection among different respiratory diseases and that COVID-19 has the worst effect on the human lungs. In other words, the complexity of X-ray images is proportional to the severity of the respiratory disease. The method of analysis, employed in this study, can be used even further to analyze how COVID-19 progresses in affected patients.

scholarly journals Geography as a Determinant of Health: Health Services Utilization of Pediatric Respiratory Illness in a Canadian Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8347
Author(s):  
Shehzad Kassam ◽  
Jesus Serrano-Lomelin ◽  
Anne Hicks ◽  
Susan Crawford ◽  
Jeffrey A. Bakal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory diseases contribute to high healthcare utilization rates among children. Although social inequalities play a major role in these conditions, little is known about the impact of geography as a determinant of health, particularly with regard to the difference between rural and urban centers. A regional geographic analysis was conducted using health repository data on singleton births between 2005 and 2010 in Alberta, Canada. Data were aggregated according to regional health sub-zones in the province and standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs) were determined for eight respiratory diseases (asthma, influenza, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, croup, pneumonia, and other upper and other lower respiratory tract infections). The results indicate that there are higher rates of healthcare utilization in northern compared to southern regions and in rural and remote regions compared to urban ones, after accounting for both material and social deprivation. Geography plays a role in discrepancies of healthcare utilization for pediatric respiratory diseases, and this can be used to inform the provision of health services and resource allocation across various regions.

Anti-inflammatory dihydroxanthones from a Diaporthe species

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Rohr ◽  
Anna Maria Kiefer ◽  
Ulrich Kauhl ◽  
Jonathan Groß ◽  
Till Opatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inducible Protein ◽  
Nfκb Pathway

Abstract In a search for anti-inflammatory compounds from fungi inhibiting the promoter activity of the small chemokine CXCL10 (Interferon-inducible protein 10, IP-10) as a pro-inflammatory marker gene, the new dihydroxanthone methyl (1R, 2R)-1,2,8-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-oxo-2,9-dihydro-1H-xanthene-1-carboxylate (2) and the previously described dihydroxanthone AGI-B4 (1) were isolated from fermentations of a Diaporthe species. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and calculations using density functional theory (DFT). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the LPS/IFNγ induced CXCL10 promoter activity in transiently transfected human MonoMac6 cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 4.1 µM (±0.2 µM) and 1.0 µM (±0.06 µM) respectively. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 reduced mRNA levels and synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines in LPS/IFNγ stimulated MonoMac6 cells by interfering with the Stat1 and NFκB pathway.

scholarly journals Benefits of Yoga in Respiratory Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Shruti Agnihotri ◽  
Priyanka Gaur ◽  
Sandeep Bhattacharya ◽  
Surya Kant ◽  
Sarika Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Nasal Allergy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Natural Breathing ◽  
The Mind

Breathing sustains life, natural breathing brings happiness and keep healthy. It clears the mind and calms all the emotions hence it can helps in release of the vitalizing flow of energy within us. Air pollution is responsible for various respiratory diseases such as nasal allergy, asthma, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. It has been found that Yoga has improved pulmonary parameters in several scientific studies, both in healthy as well as in diseased individuals. It helps in increase in vital capacity, tidal volume, FeV1, Fev1/FVC ratio, expiratory reserve volume, breath holding time and many other pulmonary parameters. These changes suggest a potential preventive and therapeutic role of yoga in pulmonary diseases.It is a method of learning which aims to attain the unity of mind, body and spirit through three main yoga steps includes exercise, breathing and meditation. Results of previous research studies report that many people with serious respiratory ailments have found a solution in yoga. It has been proventhattheyogic practices help in prevention, control as well as rehabilitation of many respiratory diseases. A vital scientific and therapeutic aspect of yoga is Pranayama. Few exercises of pranayama are like Anulomaviloma, Kapalbhati, Bhramari which are the components of yoga and are the best remedies which can be help to tackle respiratory illness caused by air pollution and other naturally occurring respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Pattern of Respiratory Diseases among Admitted Children in Pediatric Pulmonology Unit : A Tertiary Center Experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-310
Author(s):  
Jotsna Ara Begum ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Akhand Tanzih Sultana ◽  
Md Kamruzzaman ◽  
AFM Ashik Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Pediatric Pulmonology

Background :_The spectrum of respiratory illness is wide and includes diseases of upper and lower airways, communicable and non-communicable types. The variation in pattern of morbidity mortality of respiratory illness may be affected by different environmental and climatic variation in different parts of the world.Objective : The present study intended to explore the pattern of respiratory illnesses seen in Bangladeshi children admitted with respiratory illnesses.Methods :_The present prospective observational study was conducted in children up to 12 years of age admitted with acute respiratory illness in pulmonology unit of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospitalfrom July 2012 to July 2013. All children between the age limit with acute respiratory illness were included in the study. A standardized questionnaire was formulated and pretested. Then the data were collected through interview by using the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.Results : Total 1169 patients were admitted under pulmonology unit during July 2012 to June 2013 among them 324(27.7%) were admitted with respiratory diseases. Among the respiratory diseases Pneumonia (71.2%), Acute Bronchiolitis (20.1%), Bronchial Asthma (4.2%) and TB (2.7%) were commonest. Bronchopneumonia, Acute Bronchiolitis, Bronchial Asthma and TB was common among under 5 children and less common after 5 years. Male were predominate in every cases. Majority of respiratory cases were belonged to poor socioeconomic status. Pneumonia (50.7%) and Acute Bronchiolitis (58.5%) cases were found during autumn and late autumn. Asthma was common during late autumn and winter and Tuberculosis was common throughout the year. Mortality was higher among pneumonia cases.Conclusions :_Respiratory illness contributes most common cause of admission in tertiary care pediatric hospital. Bronchopneumonia is still the commonest respiratory disease with leading cause of mortality.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.9(2) Jan 2018: 308-310

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Navarrro-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Underlying Diseases

I open this note with some alarming figures: as of May 26, 2020, over 5 635 000 people have become infected and nearly 350 000 have died from the new coronavirus (COVID-19) worldwide.1 Meanwhile, in Colombia, there are already 21 981 people infected and 750 deaths from this disease, that is, a 3.4% mortality rate.2COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus strain. Most people infected with COVID-19 will develop a mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without the need for hospital care. However, the disease can significantly affect older people and those with underlying diseases such as diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer, obesity, and cardiovasculardisease,3 and it could even lead to death, which undoubtedly places a burden on health systems, particularly on intensive care units (ICUs).

scholarly journals Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Respiratory Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Furqan Shoaib Siddiqi ◽  
Said Chaaban ◽  
Erin Petersen ◽  
K James Kallail ◽  
Mary Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
St George's Respiratory Questionnaire ◽  
Minute Walk

Background. Limited evidence suggests that pulmonary rehabilitation be included in the management of restrictive lung diseases. The purpose of this study was to document pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes in patients with respiratory diseases other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. Clinical outcomes of 31patients with respiratory diseases other than COPD and 190 patients with COPD, seen over a 35-month period, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were evaluated for a 6-minute walk, arm curl strength, chair stand strength, the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score, SGRQ symptom scores, SGRQ activity levels, and SGRQ impact of respiratory illness on the patient’s life. Outcome measures were obtained before the start of pulmonary rehabilitation and after a minimum of nine therapy visits. Results. Pre- and post-rehabilitation changes in the 6-minute walk, arm curl strength, chair stand strength, the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score, SGRQ symptom scores, SGRQ activity levels, and SGRQ impact scores improved significantly for both groups. However, non-COPD patients achieved significantly higher mean SGRQ impact scores and arm curl strength than patients with COPD. Conclusions. Pulmonary rehabilitation should be recommended for all patients with respiratory disease, not only those with COPD.

scholarly journals Chronic respiratory diseases are predictors of severe outcome in COVID-19 hospitalised patients: a nationwide study

2021 ◽  
pp. 2004474
Author(s):  
Guillaume Beltramo ◽  
Jonathan Cottenet ◽  
Anne-Sophie Mariet ◽  
Marjolaine Georges ◽  
Lionel Piroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Hospitalised Patients

BackgroundInfluenza epidemics were initially considered to be a suitable model for the COVID-19 epidemic, but there is a lack of data concerning patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), who were supposed to be at risk of severe forms of COVID-19.MethodsThis nationwide retrospective cohort study describes patients with prior lung disease hospitalised for COVID-19 (March-April 2020) or influenza (2018–2019 influenza outbreak). We compare the resulting pulmonary complications, need for intensive care and in-hospital mortality depending on respiratory history and virus.ResultsIn the 89 530 COVID-19 cases, 16.03% had at least one CRD, which was significantly less frequently than in the 45 819 seasonal influenza patients. Patients suffering from chronic respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension were underrepresented, contrary to those with lung cancer, sleep apnea, emphysema, and interstitial pulmonary diseases (ILD). COVID-19 patients with CRD developed significantly more ventilator-associated pneumonia and pulmonary embolism than influenza patients. They needed intensive care significantly more often and had a higher mortality rate (except for asthma) when compared to patients with COVID-19 but without CRD, or patients with influenza.ConclusionPatients with prior respiratory diseases were globally less likely to be hospitalised for COVID-19 than for influenza but were at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 and had a higher mortality rate compared to influenza patients and patients without a history of respiratory illness.Our data suggest that these patients should have priority access to SARS-CoV2 vaccination.

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