scholarly journals Improving Ammonium and Nitrate Release from Urea Using Clinoptilolite Zeolite and Compost Produced from Agricultural Wastes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifah Omar ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Nik Muhamad Ab. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Soil Leaching ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Leaching Experiment ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Clinoptilolite Zeolite ◽  
Better Than

Improper use of urea may cause environmental pollution throughNH3volatilization andNO3-leaching from urea. Clinoptilolite zeolite and compost could be used to control N loss from urea by controllingNH4+andNO3-release from urea. Soil incubation and leaching experiments were conducted to determine the effects of clinoptilolite zeolite and compost on controllingNH4+andNO3-losses from urea. Bekenu Series soil (Typic Paleudults) was incubated for 30, 60, and 90 days. A soil leaching experiment was conducted for 30 days. Urea amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost significantly reducedNH4+andNO3-release from urea (soil incubation study) compared with urea alone, thus reducing leaching of these ions. Ammonium andNO3-leaching losses during the 30 days of the leaching experiment were highest in urea alone compared with urea with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost treatments. At 30 days of the leaching experiment,NH4+retention in soil with urea amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost was better than that with urea alone. These observations were because of the high pH, CEC, and other chemical properties of clinoptilolite zeolite and compost. Urea can be amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost to improveNH4+andNO3-release from urea.

scholarly journals Paddy husk compost addition for improving nitrogen availability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Latifah ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Nik Muhammad Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Nitrate Losses ◽  
Leaching Experiment ◽  
Soil Retention ◽  
Mature Compost ◽  
Leaching Experiments

Mature compost with good agronomic properties can be used to control nitrogen loss from soil. Soil incubation and leaching experiments were conducted to determine the effects of paddy husk compost addition on controlling ammonium and nitrate losses from Bekenu Series soil. Retention of soil exchangeable ammonium and available nitrate were significantly improved in soil amended with paddy husk compost treatments compared with urea alone thus, reducing leaching of these ions. At 30 days of the leaching experiment, ammonium and nitrate losses were highest in urea without paddy husk compost addition compared with co-application of urea and paddy husk compost because the treatment significantly improved retention of soil exchangeable ammonium and available nitrate. Urea can be co-applied with paddy husk compost to improve release of ammonium and nitrate and to retain nitrogen availability.

scholarly journals Insights in Behavior of Variably Formulated Alginate-Based Microcapsules for Cell Transplantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Montanucci ◽  
Silvia Terenzi ◽  
Claudio Santi ◽  
Ilaria Pennoni ◽  
Vittorio Bini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Alginate-based microencapsulation of live cells may offer the opportunity to treat chronic and degenerative disorders. So far, a thorough assessment of physical-chemical behavior of alginate-based microbeads remains cloudy. A disputed issue is which divalent cation to choose for a high performing alginate gelling process. Having selected, in our system, high mannuronic (M) enriched alginates, we studied different gelling cations and their combinations to determine their eventual influence on physical-chemical properties of the final microcapsules preparation,in vitroandin vivo. We have shown that used of ultrapure alginate allows for high biocompatibility of the formed microcapsules, regardless of gelation agents, while use of different gelling cations is associated with corresponding variable effects on the capsules’ basic architecture, as originally reported in this work. However, only the final application which the capsules are destined to will ultimately guide the selection of the ideal, specific gelling divalent cations, since in principle there are no capsules that are better than others.

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS MEANS OF MEASURING THE DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION OF VIRGIN PEAT MATERIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR RELATIVE BIODEGRADABILITY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. LÉVESQUE ◽  
S. P. MATHUR
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Better Than ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Eleven physical and chemical properties of 26 peat materials from a total of five virgin profiles were determined and statistically analyzed for correlations among attributes that relate to the degree of decomposition, and with the rates at which the materials biodegraded. Estimation of fiber content made routinely by pedologists in the field correlated with relative, biodegradability better than any other criterion of decomposition and humification.

scholarly journals NANOCOMPLEJO DE FOSFOPÉPTIDO DE CASEÍNA-FOSFATO DE CALCIO AMORFO (CPP-ACP) EN ODONTOLOGÍA: ESTADO DEL ARTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhian Camilo Madrid Troconis ◽  
Sthefanie Del Carmen Perez Puello
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Surface Pretreatment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Dental Surface ◽  
Better Than

Saliva and external agents containing different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) promote the dental remineralization process. However, these resources may not be sufficient to counteract the multiple factors involved in the process of dental caries, especially in high-risk patients. There are alternatives that have been extensively researched, such as casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) which provides essential ions, like phosphate and calcium, acting as an adjuvant in the remineralization process. Manufacturers of CPP-ACP-based products also suggest that it can produce desensitizing effects. This nanocomplex has been used experimentally with some dental cements and adhesive systems, but it is important to clarify the effects of this procedure, and the remineralizing/desensitizing advantages it offers. The objective of this topic review was to present the state of the art on CPP-ACP nanocomplex. In terms of dental caries prevention, this remineralizing option is not better than NaF. CPP-ACP provides a dental desensitizing action, but it is temporary and less effective than other alternatives such as potassium nitrate or NaF. The experimental incorporation of CPP-ACP into dental cements should be controlled for not to compromise the physico-chemical properties of the material. The use of dental products based on this nanocomplex as dental surface pretreatment may decrease the bond strength of adhesive materials, but this effect is material dependent.

scholarly journals Studies on Physio-chemical Properties of Maintainer, Restorer Lines and Hybrids of Chilies (Capsicum annuum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-138
Author(s):  
Maneechat Nikornpun ◽  
K. Tunjai ◽  
K. Kaewsombat ◽  
T. Tarinta ◽  
Danai Boonyakiat
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Better Than

Physio-chemical properties of hybrid chilies (Capsicum annuum L.), parental lines and commercial varieties were evaluated in three experiments and showed significant differences among them. Heterosis, and heterobeltiosis were studied in hybrids while, combining abilities were investigated in maintainers and restorers. Positive statistical differences in the general combining ability of the maintainer lines for vitamin C, capsaicin and Hue were observed and general combining ability indicated that, CA1286 and CA1303, were good maintainers for the improvement of capsaicin and vitamin C. The other maintainers;-, CA1441 and CA1442, are good for the improvement of L* and Chroma. The maintainer, CA1441, was better than CA1442 for capsaicin content,- while the maintainer, CA1442, was better than CA1441 for vitamin C. Positivity and statistically significant differences among the restorers were  observed  for vitamin C, capsaicin, Hue and Chroma  and  the lines;-, CA 1447, CA 1448, CA 1449, CA 1450 and CA 1451, were useful for the improvement of these  physio-chemical properties of chilies. 

scholarly journals Changes in some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils over time as affected by organic residues: An incubation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohsen Jalali ◽  
Maryam Saeedi Lotf ◽  
Faranak Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Incubation Study

<p>Salinization and sodification of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid regions of the world are two limiting factors in the crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of readily available agricultural residues on changing some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils. Wheat, potato, sunflower, and canola residues were separately added into three saline-sodic soils at a rate of 2% by weight and thoroughly mixed with soils. Control and treated soils were incubated for 168 days at a constant moisture and temperature. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations, available nitrate (NO3-) and phosphorous (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were measured during the incubation. The EC increased in the response to the incorporation of plant residues, whereas the pH was reduced. The application of organic components in soils increased CEC and decreased ESP. The results showed that the maximum reduction in ESP was observed in the potato treatment because of the highest Ca2+ concentration. The average reduction in ESP of treated soil samples at the end of incubation followed this order: 16.1% (potato residue-treated soil) &gt;12.7% (canola residue-treated soil) &gt;11.1% (wheat residue-treated soil) &gt;9.6% (sunflwer residue-treated soil). The potato residue was the most effective amendment in changing the chemical properties of saline-sodic soils in comparison with other organic residues. The results indicated that the application of organic residues had a positive impact on reducing the soil sodicity and improving the soil fertility depending on their chemical composition.</p>

Preparation and Slow-Release Properties of Clay-Based Phosphatic Fertilizers

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 974-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Tian Yang ◽  
Guo Xiang Pan ◽  
Bin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Soil Leaching ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

With potassium dihydrogen phosphate acting as raw material, using grinding and adsorption methods to prepare diffrent kinds of clay-based phosphatic fertilizers. And later, using sodium alginate to coat the fertilizers. Choosing soil leaching method to evaluate their slow-release properties. The results indicate that carrier properties have great influences on slow-release properties, the effect of different carriers are as follows: bentonite > kaolin> common earth. The coordinated role of bentonite and hydrotalcite to the slow-release properties is better than the single role of bentonite. The coating of sodium alginate can improve the slow-release properties of clay-based fertilizers.

scholarly journals Importance of lateral flux and its percolation depth on organic carbon export in Arctic tundra soil: Implications from a soil leaching experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Zhang ◽  
Jack A. Hutchings ◽  
Thomas S. Bianchi ◽  
Yina Liu ◽  
Ana R. Arellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Tundra Soil ◽  
Soil Leaching ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Leaching Experiment ◽  
Arctic Tundra Soil

scholarly journals Leaching Behavior of a Fluorescent Pyoverdin Immobilized in Sol-Gel Glass

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Yoder ◽  
William S. Kisaalita
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Pellet Size ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
R Value ◽  
Sensor Configuration ◽  
Gel Formulations ◽  
Better Than

The leaching behavior of fluorescent siderophore, pyoverdin (iron biosensor), immobilized in acid-catalyzed sol-gel glass is examined. By varying the R value (molar ratio of water:silicon), three different formulations of pyoverdindoped sol-gel glass pellets (R = 5.6, 8.2, 10.8) were made with tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS). At three different aging times (2, 4, and 6 weeks), 7-day leaching experiments were conducted on whole and ground pellets. Two different leaching solutions were used: 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 5.0, and 1 M HCl. Pyoverdin immobilization resulted in conformation changes as suggested by the appearance of two emission peaks centered at 440 and 505 nm. As expected, pyoverdin leached more rapidly from the ground glass; 61 % of the pyoverdin leached from the ground glass within the first 20 minutes, while after 3 hours, only 54 % of the pyoverdin had leached from the whole pellets. As the sol-gel glass aged from 2 to 6 weeks, the initial fluorescence of the ground glass decreased by 34 – 46 % for the three sol-gel formulations, and the 7-day cumulative leachate decreased by 13 – 31 %. However, sol-gel with the lowest R value (5.6) retained pyoverdin better that sol-gels at higher R values. The release of pyoverdin was also characterized by the diffusional exponent (n), which ranged from 0.527 to 0.802 for the ground glass, and from 0.276 to 0.415 for the whole pellets, confirming that whole pellets retained pyoverdin better than ground glass. Taken together, the results suggest for a given sensor configuration, retention of pyoverdin can be optimized with respect to pellet size, R value and aging time.

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