scholarly journals Serrated Polyps and Their Alternative Pathway to the Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Szylberg ◽  
Marlena Janiczek ◽  
Aneta Popiel ◽  
Andrzej Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Serrated Adenoma ◽  
Serrated Polyps ◽  
Serrated Pathway ◽  
Long Time

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. For a long time, only one pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis was known. In recent years, a new “alternative” pathway through serrated adenoma was described. Recent meta-analysis estimated these cancers as about 10% to 30% of all CRCs. Serrated polyps are the second most popular groups of polyps (after conventional adenomas) found during colonoscopy. Serrated polyps of the colon are clinically and molecularly diverse changes that have common feature as crypt luminal morphology characterized by glandular serration. Evidence suggests that subtypes of serrated polyps, particularly TSA and SSA/P, can lead to adenocarcinoma through the serrated pathway. Moreover, the data indicate that the SSA/P are the precursors of colorectal carcinoma by MSI and may be subject to rapid progression to malignancy. An important step to reduce the incidence of CRC initiated by the serrated pathway is to improve the detection of serrated polyps and to ensure their complete removal during endoscopy. Understanding of the so-called serrated carcinogenesis pathway is an important step forward in expanding possibilities in the prevention of CRC.

scholarly journals Plasma sex hormones and risk of conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hang ◽  
Xiaosheng He ◽  
Ane Sørlie Kværner ◽  
Andrew T. Chan ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Serrated Polyps ◽  
Free Estradiol

Abstract Background Sex hormones have been suggested to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC), but their influence on early initiation of CRC remains unknown. Methods We retrospectively examined the associations with risk of CRC precursors, including conventional adenomas and serrated polyps, for plasma estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone among 5404 postmenopausal women from the Nurses’ Health Study I and II. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Given multiple testing, P < 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 535 conventional adenoma cases and 402 serrated polyp cases. Higher concentrations of SHBG were associated with lower risk of conventional adenomas, particularly advanced adenomas (multivariable OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile, 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.67, P for trend < 0.0001). A nominally significant association was found for SHBG with lower risk of large serrated polyps (≥ 10 mm) (OR, 0.47, 95% CI 0.17–1.35, P for trend = 0.02) as well as free estradiol and free testosterone with higher risk of conventional adenomas (OR, 1.54, 95% CI 1.02–2.31, P for trend = 0.03 and OR, 1.33, 95% CI 0.99–1.78, P for trend = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions The findings suggest a potential role of sex hormones, particularly SHBG, in early colorectal carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Pure somatic pathogenic variation profiles for patients with serrated polyposis syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misaki Hidaka ◽  
Moriya Iwaizumi ◽  
Terumi Taniguchi ◽  
Satoshi Baba ◽  
Satoshi Osawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Variant ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Tubular Adenoma ◽  
Serrated Adenoma ◽  
Serrated Pathway ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
Genetic Profiles

Abstract Background The serrated pathway is a distinct genetic/epigenetic mechanism of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal carcinogenesis. Although many groups have reported the genetic-phenotypic correlation of serrated lesions (SLs), previous studies regarding the serrated pathway were conducted on patients with SLs that have heterogeneous germline genetic backgrounds. We aimed to compare pure somatic genetic profiles among SLs within identical patients with SPS as a homogenous germline background. Methods We analysed SLs from one patient with SPS (Case #1) and compared DNA variant profiles using targeted DNA multigene panels via NGS among the patient’s hyperplastic polyp (HP), three sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), and one traditional serrated adenoma (TSA), in addition to leucocytes as a germline variant, and separately analysed three SSLs and one tubular adenoma (TA) within another patient with SPS (Case #2). Results In two patients, no germline pathogenic variant was observed, and a known pathogenic variant of BRAF (c.1799T > A, p.Val600Glu) was observed in one TSA and one SSL in Case #1, while three SSLs exhibited the BRAF variant in Case #2. Further, the genetic profile of TA is consistent with the adenoma-carcinoma sequence pathway profile and distinct from that of the other SLs within the same patient with SPS. Conclusions These findings of pure somatic genetic variant profiles among SLs with identical germline genetic background support the previous results analysed among SLs with heterogeneous germline genetic backgrounds.

scholarly journals Jejunal Serrated Adenoma Diagnosed and Treated by Double-Balloon Enteroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anning Yin ◽  
Zhi Zeng ◽  
Xinyue Wan ◽  
Honggang Yu ◽  
Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Precursor Lesion ◽  
Serrated Adenoma ◽  
Double Balloon Enteroscopy ◽  
Balloon Enteroscopy ◽  
Serrated Polyps ◽  
Double Balloon ◽  
Treitz Ligament ◽  
Biological Subtype

Serrated polyps are most commonly located in the colorectum and have been well recognized as an important precursor lesion for colorectal cancer. Serrated adenoma in the small intestine has been reported more rarely but may represent a distinct morphological and biological subtype with malignant potential. Here, we present the case of a 65-year-old female who underwent double-balloon enteroscopy due to obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. A polyp sized 3.5 × 2.0 cm with a long pedicle in the jejunum, located 50 cm distal to the Treitz ligament, was detected. Endoscopic mucosal resection was done. The pathological results revealed a traditional serrated adenoma sized 3.5 × 2.2 cm.

scholarly journals Detection of Fusobaterium nucleatum in feces and colorectal mucosa as a risk factor for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Idrissi Janati ◽  
Igor Karp ◽  
Claudie Laprise ◽  
Hisham Sabri ◽  
Elham Emami
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Tissue Samples

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review, including both a qualitative synthesis and a meta-analysis, to synthesize the evidence from the epidemiological literature on the association between F. nucleatum detection in the colon/rectum and CRC. Methods A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, EBM Reviews—Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text was conducted using earliest inclusive dates up to 4 October 2020. Eligible studies were original, comparative observational studies that reported results on colorectal F. nucleatum detection and CRC. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant information. Odds ratio (OR) estimates were pooled across studies using the random effects model. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to critically appraise study quality. Results Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review, of which 12 were included in the meta-analysis. Studies investigated F. nucleatum in feces, colorectal tissue samples, or both. In most studies included in the systematic review, the load of F. nucleatum was higher, on average, in specimens from CRC patients than in those from CRC-free controls. Meta-analysis showed a positive association between F. nucleatum detection in colorectal specimens and CRC (OR = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.2 to 13.0). Conclusions The results of this systematic review suggest that F. nucleatum in the colon/rectum is associated with CRC. Systematic review registration This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on July 10, 2018 (registration number CRD42018095866).

scholarly journals Heterogén vastagbéldaganat: a fogazott útvonalon kialakuló, sporadikus laesiók jelentősége a klinikai gyakorlatban

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Emese Irma Ágoston ◽  
Evelin Horváth ◽  
Balázs Győrffy ◽  
László Harsányi ◽  
A. Marcell Szász
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Serrated Pathway ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
Molecular Aberrations

Abstract: Today, colorectal cancer is regarded as a heterogeneous disease. Its heterogeneity is caused by genetic alterations, molecular aberrations, different developing pathways as well as by micro- and macroenviromental agents. In the last decade, beside the classic genetic model for colorectal tumuorgenesis that follows the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, an alternative pathway has been identified. This pathway is called the serrated pathway and it is responsible for approximately one third of all colorectal lesions. Beyond their dissimilar molecular characteristics, these tumours also show different macroscopic and histologic appearance. Moreover, their malignant potency and progressive ability distinguish them from tumours of the classic genetic model. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular and pathologic features of serrated lesions and the serrated pathway to colorectal cancer and to highlight their clinical impact. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(6): 206–2014.

scholarly journals The Molecular Hallmarks of the Serrated Pathway in Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima De Palma ◽  
Valeria D’Argenio ◽  
Jonathan Pol ◽  
Guido Kroemer ◽  
Maria Maiuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Cpg Island Methylator Phenotype ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Serrated Polyps ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Normal Colon Mucosa ◽  
Serrated Pathway ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Serrated Adenomas

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. It includes different subtypes that differ in their clinical and prognostic features. In the past decade, in addition to the conventional adenoma-carcinoma model, an alternative multistep mechanism of carcinogenesis, namely the “serrated pathway”, has been described. Approximately, 15 to 30% of all CRCs arise from neoplastic serrated polyps, a heterogeneous group of lesions that are histologically classified into three morphologic categories: hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas/polyps, and the traditional serrated adenomas/polyps. Serrated polyps are characterized by genetic (BRAF or KRAS mutations) and epigenetic (CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)) alterations that cooperate to initiate and drive malignant transformation from normal colon mucosa to polyps, and then to CRC. The high heterogeneity of the serrated lesions renders their diagnostic and pathological interpretation difficult. Hence, novel genetic and epigenetic biomarkers are required for better classification and management of CRCs. To date, several molecular alterations have been associated with the serrated polyp-CRC sequence. In addition, the gut microbiota is emerging as a contributor to/modulator of the serrated pathway. This review summarizes the state of the art of the genetic, epigenetic and microbiota signatures associated with serrated CRCs, together with their clinical implications.

Gum arabic helps prepare better lacey polymer films for specimen support in electron microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
Shailesh R. Sheth ◽  
Jayesh R. Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Release Agent ◽  
Astigmatism Correction ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium

Specimen support and astigmatism correction in Electron Microscopy are at least two areas in which lacey polymer films find extensive applications. Although their preparation has been studied for a very long time, present techniques still suffer from incomplete release of the film from its substrate and presence of a large number of pseudo holes in the film. Our method ensures complete removal of the entire lacey film from the substrate and fewer pseudo holes by pre-treating the substrate with Gum Arabic, which acts as a film release agent.The method is based on the classical condensation technique for preparing lacey films which is essentially deposition of minute water or ice droplets on the substrate and laying the polymer film over it, so that micro holes are formed corresponding to the droplets. A microscope glass slide (the substrate) is immersed in 2.0% (w/v) aq. CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide)-0.22% (w/v) aq.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document