scholarly journals Prokinetic Activity ofPrunus persica(L.) Batsch Flowers Extract and Its Possible Mechanism of Action in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Han ◽  
Jing Dong Xu ◽  
Feng Xian Wei ◽  
Yong Dong Zheng ◽  
Jian Zhong Ma ◽  
...  

The peach tree,Prunus persica(L.) Batsch, is widely cultivated in China, and its flowers have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine to treat gut motility disorders. But few studies have explored the pharmacological effect ofPrunus persica(L.) Batsch flowers on gastrointestinal motility. In this study, the activities of different extracts fromPrunus persica(L.) Batsch flowers on the smooth muscle contractions were evaluated using isolated colon model, and the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) showed the strongest effects in vitro. EAE (10−8–10−5 g/mL) caused a concentration-dependent stimulatory effect in rat colonic tissue. Additionally, ketotifen (100 µM), cimetidine (10 µM), and pyrilamine (1 µM) produced a significant inhibition of contractions caused by EAE. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and toluidine blue staining revealed increased numbers of mast cells in the EAE group, and EAE increased histamine release from the colonic tissues. These data indicate that EAE has significant prokinetic activity and acts by a mechanism that mainly involves mast cell degranulation. Our study provides a pharmacological basis for the use of an extract ofPrunus persica(L.) Batsch flowers in the treatment of gut motility disorders.

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1240-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwarul Hassan Gilani ◽  
Aslam Khan ◽  
Arif-ullah Khan ◽  
Samra Bashir ◽  
Najeeb-ur Rehman ◽  
...  

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke E. Engelbert

Previous papers dealing with behaviors and activities of blood cell nuclei have been recording mainly results with the imprint method and observations of blood cells cultured in vitro. The present paper demonstrates that the Feulgen "gentle squash" method as well as digestion with N HCl followed by toluidine blue staining at pH 4 reveals the same nuclear behaviors as the imprint method. Imprinting on millipore filters with subsequent fixation in Zenker's acetic solution followed by the Feulgen or toluidine blue staining method (the latter with or without previous N HCl digestion) is reported for the first time. The millipore imprint preserves a thicker layer of cells than imprinting on glass slides. Also cell stages which may not easily stick to glass seem to adhere well to the millipore filter. The filter imprint may in places present as many cell layers as a thin slice cut on the microtome, but without the disadvantage of having large or elongated cell stages cut into pieces by the microtome knife.


1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Davies ◽  
H. Sharma ◽  
R. Pigott

The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was found by immunostaining chondrocytes in cartilage from three patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Expression of ICAM-1 was restricted to chondrocytes in areas of erodedcartilage adjacent to the invading synovial tissue. Toluidine blue staining of these areas demonstrated severe depletion of the cartilage extracellular matrix. In areas of undamaged cartilage there was no ICAM-1 expression. Since ICAM-1 is not constitutively expressed on normal human articular cartilage, but could be induced in vitro by exogenous IL-1α, TNFα and IFNγ or by co-culturing cartilage with inflammatory rheumatoid synovium, we conclude that the induction of ICAM-1 on rheumatoid chondrocytes results from the synergistic action of a variety of cytokines produced by the inflammatory cells of the invading pannus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37028
Author(s):  
Sara Hissae Hiraiwa ◽  
Paulo Henrique Mazzutti Alves ◽  
Bruno Augusto Nassif Travençolo ◽  
Muller Carrara Martins ◽  
Marcelo Emílio Beletti

This paper proposes to classify the sperm chromatin compaction alterations in bulls, according to the affected area location and its objective is evaluating the correlation of the intensity, the heterogeneity and these kinds of chromatin decompaction with the rates of cleavage and the formation of blastocysts of in vitro production of embryos (IVPE). It was used several subfertile animals sperm samples, which were evaluated using the toluidine blue staining and computer image analysis, making possible the categorization of the chromatin decompaction according to their location. The percentages of chromatin decompaction and heterogeneity were also evaluated. IVPEs were done and the rates of cleavage and of blastocysts were correlated with the chromatin characteristics. It made possible the classification of the chromatin decompaction according to the head affected part in at least four types: base decompaction, basal half decompaction, central axis decompaction, total decompaction. Based on the correlation, it can be implicated that each type of classification has different influences on the bull fertility. It made possible understanding that sperms amount with 5% or more of chromatin decompaction intensity interferes in the bull fertility and this condition can be featured as an uncompensable defect, while the heterogeneity of chromatin is not an important factor in the IVPE results.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wenhan Zhao ◽  
Zhusong Huang ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
Jinfu Lan ◽  
Xi Gao

Objective. This study is aimed at studying the effect of zoledronate (ZOL) on the differentiation of osteoclast precursor RAW264.7 cells induced by titanium (Ti) particles and explores the possibility of preventing and treating periprosthetic osteoporosis using ZOL. Methods. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro. Ti particles were prepared. The cell proliferation curve of RAW264.7 cells was plotted using the MTT assay to find the best concentration of ZOL for intervention. The cells were divided into three groups: control, Ti particles, and Ti particles+ZOL. The cell morphology was observed using tartaric acid–resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and the activity of TRAP in cell supernatant was determined using the biochemical method. The number of bone resorption lacunae was detected using toluidine blue staining. The mRNA expression of RANK, NFATcl, CAII, and MMP-9 was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of RANK, NFATcl, and MMP-9 was detected using Western blot analysis. Results. Ti particles stimulated the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts. They also increased the activity of TRAP, number of bone resorption lacunae, and mRNA and protein expression of RANK, NFATcl, and MMP-9. However, ZOL could suppress the effect of TI particles on the osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions. ZOL could effectively inhibit the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts induced by Ti particles, decrease the activity of TRAP, reduce the number of bone resorption lacunae, and decrease the mRNA and protein expression of RANK, NFATcl, and MMP-9. Hence, it may be a promising candidate for preventing and treating periprosthetic osteoporosis after the artificial joint operation.


1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 021-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Tinlin ◽  
Sandra Webster ◽  
Alan R Giles

SummaryThe development of inhibitors to factor VIII in patients with haemophilia A remains as a serious complication of replacement therapy. An apparently analogous condition has been described in a canine model of haemophilia A (Giles et al., Blood 1984; 63:451). These animals and their relatives have now been followed for 10 years. The observation that the propensity for inhibitor development was not related to the ancestral factor VIII gene has been confirmed by the demonstration of vertical transmission through three generations of the segment of the family related to a normal (non-carrier) female that was introduced for breeding purposes. Haemophilic animals unrelated to this animal have not developed functionally significant factor VIII inhibitors despite intensive factor VIII replacement. Two animals have shown occasional laboratory evidence of factor VIII inhibition but this has not been translated into clinical significant inhibition in vivo as assessed by clinical response and F.VIII recovery and survival characteristics. Substantial heterogeneity of inhibitor expression both in vitro and in vivo has been observed between animals and in individual animals over time. Spontaneous loss of inhibitors has been observed without any therapies designed to induce tolerance, etc., being instituted. There is also phenotypic evidence of polyclonality of the immune response with variable expression over time in a given animal. These observations may have relevance to the human condition both in determining the pathogenetic factors involved in this condition and in highlighting the heterogeneity of its expression which suggests the need for caution in the interpretation of the outcome of interventions designed to modulate inhibitor activity.


1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (04) ◽  
pp. 852-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Gresele ◽  
C Zoja ◽  
H Deckmyn ◽  
J Arnout ◽  
J Vermylen ◽  
...  

SummaryDipyridamole possesses antithrombotic properties in the animal and in man but it does not inhibit platelet aggregation in plasma. We evaluated the effect of dipyridamole ex vivo and in vitro on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and adenosine- 5’-diphosphate (ADP) in human whole blood with an impedance aggregometer. Two hundred mg dipyridamole induced a significant inhibition of both ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation in human blood samples taken 2 hr after oral drug intake. Administration of the drug for four days, 400 mg/day, further increased the antiplatelet effect. A significant negative correlation was found between collagen-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood and dipyridamole levels in plasma (p <0.001). A statistically significant inhibition of both collagen (p <0.0025) and ADP-induced (p <0.005) platelet aggregation was also obtained by incubating whole blood in vitro for 2 min at 37° C with dipyridamole (3.9 μM). No such effects were seen in platelet-rich plasma, even after enrichment with leukocytes. Low-dose adenosine enhanced in vitro inhibition in whole blood.Our results demonstrate that dipyridamole impedes platelet aggregation in whole blood by an interaction with red blood cells, probably involving adenosine.


2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (16) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Tibor Wittmann

The extent and severity of motility disorders remains heterogeneous in the different parts of the gut, and in most cases failures in gut motility do not correspond with the severity of the symptoms. If diarrhea or fecal incontinence is the leading symptom, or the blood glucose level varies frequently and considerably despite the treatment efforts, the motility of the stomach and bowels is seriously disturbed. The clinical aspects, detailed pathogenesis, diagnostic approach and treatment modalities of gastrointestinal motility disorders in diabetes mellitus are reviewed to help and improve the everyday medical practice. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 607–614.


Author(s):  
А.А. Раецкая ◽  
С.В. Калиш ◽  
С.В. Лямина ◽  
Е.В. Малышева ◽  
О.П. Буданова ◽  
...  

Цель исследования. Доказательство гипотезы, что репрограммированные in vitro на М3 фенотип макрофаги при введении в организм будут существенно ограничивать развитие солидной карциномы in vivo . Методика. Рост солидной опухоли инициировали у мышей in vivo путем подкожной инъекции клеток карциномы Эрлиха (КЭ). Инъекцию макрофагов с нативным М0 фенотипом и с репрограммированным M3 фенотипом проводили в область формирования солидной КЭ. Репрограммирование проводили с помощью низких доз сыворотки, блокаторов факторов транскрипции STAT3/6 и SMAD3 и липополисахарида. Использовали две схемы введения макрофагов: раннее и позднее. При раннем введении макрофаги вводили на 1-е, 5-е, 10-е и 15-е сут. после инъекции клеток КЭ путем обкалывания макрофагами с четырех сторон область развития опухоли. При позднем введении, макрофаги вводили на 10-е, 15-е, 20-е и 25-е сут. Через 15 и 30 сут. после введения клеток КЭ солидную опухоль иссекали и измеряли ее объем. Эффект введения макрофагов оценивали качественно по визуальной и пальпаторной характеристикам солидной опухоли и количественно по изменению ее объема по сравнению с группой без введения макрофагов (контроль). Результаты. Установлено, что M3 макрофаги при раннем введении от начала развития опухоли оказывают выраженный антиопухолевый эффект in vivo , который был существенно более выражен, чем при позднем введении макрофагов. Заключение. Установлено, что введение репрограммированных макрофагов M3 ограничивает развитие солидной карциномы в экспериментах in vivo . Противоопухолевый эффект более выражен при раннем введении М3 макрофагов. Обнаруженные в работе факты делают перспективным разработку клинической версии биотехнологии ограничения роста опухоли, путем предварительного программирования антиопухолевого врожденного иммунного ответа «в пробирке». Aim. To verify a hypothesis that macrophages reprogrammed in vitro to the M3 phenotype and injected into the body substantially restrict the development of solid carcinoma in vivo . Methods. Growth of a solid tumor was initiated in mice in vivo with a subcutaneous injection of Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) cells. Macrophages with a native M0 phenotype or reprogrammed towards the M3 phenotype were injected into the region of developing solid EC. Reprogramming was performed using low doses of serum, STAT3/6 and SMAD3 transcription factor blockers, and lipopolysaccharide. Two schemes of macrophage administration were used: early and late. With the early administration, macrophages were injected on days 1, 5, 10, and 15 following the injection of EC cells at four sides of the tumor development area. With the late administration, macrophages were injected on days 10, 15, 20, and 25. At 15 and 30 days after the EC cell injection, the solid tumor was excised and its volume was measured. The effect of macrophage administration was assessed both qualitatively by visual and palpation characteristics of solid tumor and quantitatively by changes in the tumor volume compared with the group without the macrophage treatment. Results. M3 macrophages administered early after the onset of tumor development exerted a pronounced antitumor effect in vivo , which was significantly greater than the antitumor effect of the late administration of M3 macrophages. Conclusion. The observed significant inhibition of in vivo growth of solid carcinoma by M3 macrophages makes promising the development of a clinical version of the biotechnology for restriction of tumor growth by in vitro pre-programming of the antitumor, innate immune response.


Author(s):  
Hams H. H. Alfattli ◽  
Ghufran Zuhair Jiber ◽  
Ghaidaa Gatea Abbass

This study which designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ethanolic extract of (Quercusrobur) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth of one genus of enterobacteriacae (Salmonella). In vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for plant extract (50, 100, 200, 400 )mg/ml which prepared and compared with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of different concentration (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25) μg/ml,and examined. The result showed that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial activity against this bacteria which used. The result showed that the plant has good activity in decrease the growth of this bacteria. The results of the study also showed that the nano-ZnO has very effective antibacterial action against the studied bacteria which was Salmonella,nanoparticles concentrations lead to increasing in the inhibition zones of tested bacterial growth. We also study the effect of three antibiotics Lomefloxacin (LOM), Ciprofloxacin (SIP) and Rifampin (RA) and the result showed,in a comparison within the tested bacteria,Salmonella had a significant inhibition increase in Lomefloxacin ; the ciprofloxacin showed effect on tested bacteria. However,Rifampin does not show any effect on tested bacteria.


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