scholarly journals Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Caused byCardiobacterium hominis: A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davie Wong ◽  
Julie Carson ◽  
Andrew Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
First Line ◽  
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Cardiobacterium hominis, a member of the HACEK group of organisms, is an uncommon but important cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis. First-line therapy is a third-generation cephalosporin due to rare beta-lactamase production. The authors report a case involving endovascular infection due toC hoministhat initially tested resistant to third-generation cephalosporins using an antibiotic gradient strip susceptibility method (nitrocephin negative), but later proved to be susceptible using broth microdilution reference methods (a ‘major’ error). There are limited studies to guide susceptibility testing and interpretive breakpoints forC hominisin the medical literature, and the present case illustrates some of the issues that may arise when performing susceptibility testing for fastidious organisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

scholarly journals Clinical Failure and Emergence of Resistance during Third Generation Cephalosporin Therapy for Enterobacter spp. Infection: Is the Risk Overestimated? A Prospective Multicentric Study

Hygiene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Benoît Pilmis ◽  
Thibaud Delerue ◽  
Anna Belkacem ◽  
Pauline Caraux-Paz ◽  
Solen Kernéis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Event ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
First Line ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

Background: Clinical and microbiological guidelines recommend treating infections caused by Enterobacter spp. with cefepime or carbapenems. The main objective of this study was to assess the risk of clinical failure with third generation cephalosporin (3GC) therapy compared to other β-lactams for infections caused by Enterobacter spp. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the risk of emergence of resistance during therapy. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in seven French hospitals over an 18-month period including all patients with a pulmonary and/or bloodstream infection due to Enterobacter spp. susceptible to 3GC. Results: Seventy-four patients were included in our study. Among them, 26 (35%) received a 3GC as a first-line treatment, and clinical improvements were observed for 13/21 (62%) of them. Four (5%) cases of emergence of 3GC resistance were observed during therapy including one in the 3GC group. 3GC therapy can be safely used as first-line therapy especially for non-severe patients suffering from pulmonary or bloodstream infections due to Enterobacter spp. Conclusions: Emergence of 3GC resistance remains a rare event, and there is a lack of evidence of the benefit of last-line antibiotics therapies.

Use of cefovecin in dogs and cats attending first-opinion veterinary practices in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (11) ◽  
pp. e95-e95
Author(s):  
Laura Hardefeldt ◽  
Brian Hur ◽  
Karin Verspoor ◽  
Timothy Baldwin ◽  
Kirsten E Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Common ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

BackgroundCefovecin is a long-acting third-generation cephalosporin commonly used in veterinary medicine. Third-generation cephalosporins are critically important antimicrobials that should only be used after culture and susceptibility testing. The authors describe the common indications for cefovecin use in dogs and cats, and the frequency of culture and susceptibility testing.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was performed using clinical records extracted from VetCompass Australia. A previously described method was used to identify records containing cefovecin. The reason for cefovecin use was annotated in situ in each consultation text.ResultsOver a six-month period (February and September 2018), 5180 (0.4 per cent) consultations involved cefovecin administration, of which 151 were excluded. Cats were administered cefovecin more frequently than dogs (1.9 per cent of cat consultations and 0.1 per cent of dog consultations). The most common reasons for cefovecin administration to cats were cat fight injuries and abscesses (28 per cent) and dermatitis (13 per cent). For dogs, the most common reasons for cefovecin administration were surgical prophylaxis (24 per cent) and dermatitis (19 per cent). Culture and susceptibility testing were reported in 16 cases (0.3 per cent).ConclusionCefovecin is used in many scenarios in dogs and cats where antimicrobials may be either not indicated or where an antimicrobial of lower importance to human health is recommended.

scholarly journals Detecting the dual presence of AmpC and ESBL enzymes

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
John Sfakinos
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
First Line ◽  
Morganella Morganii ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Inducible-chromosomal AmpC cephalosporinase enzymes have been recognised for several years in the ESCAPPM (Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Citrobacter freundii, Acinetobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris, Providencia spp. and Morganella morganii) group of gram-negative organisms, which result in the potential resistance to third-generation cephalosporin drugs. More recently several non-ESCAPPM Enterobacteriaceae (particularly E coli, Klebsiella and Proteus mirabilis) have been found to harbour a non-inducible-plasmid form of AmpC. This is particularly important when found in bacteremic patients where third-generation cephalosporins are often the first line drugs of choice.

scholarly journals The Study of Genetic Relationship Among Third Generation Cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica Strains by ERIC-PCR

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Ali Naghoni ◽  
Soheila Yousefi ◽  
Ali Ahmadi ◽  
Nematollah Jonaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serotype Enteritidis

Background and Objectives:Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen responsible for disease in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relationship among third generation cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica strains by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR.Methods:The study included all Salmonella isolates obtained from clinical cases in a pediatric hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2006 to 2009. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The genetic relationship between third generation cephalosporins-resistant Salmonella enterica strains was determined using ERIC-PCR.Results:Of 136 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from pediatric patients, six isolates including four Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis and two Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis showed an extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistant phenotype. ERIC-PCR differentiated Salmonella enterica serotypes Infantis and Enteritidis into 2 distinct clusters arbitrarily named as E1 and E2. Profile E1 was found in two Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates, and profile E2 was found in four Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis isolates.Conclusion:Extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistant Salmonella could be attributed to a few predominant serotypes including Enteritidis and Infantis in this study. Genetic analysis using ERIC-PCR showed that closely related clones are responsible for the occurrence of extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistant Salmonella infection in Tehran.

scholarly journals Retrospective 8-Year Study on the Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens in Children Hospitalised for Urinary Tract Infection in the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Giuseppe Maglietta ◽  
Margherita Di Costanzo ◽  
Martina Ceccoli ◽  
Gianluca Vergine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

The development and spread of antibiotic resistance is an increasingly important global public health problem, even in paediatric urinary tract infection (UTI). In light of the variability in the data, it is necessary to conduct surveillance studies to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in specific geographical areas to optimize therapeutic management. In this observational, retrospective, multicentre study, the medical records of 1801 paediatric patients who were hospitalised for UTI between January 1st, 2012, and June 30th, 2020, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, were analysed. Escherichia coli was the most frequently detected pathogen (75.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.5%). Overall, 840 cases (46.7%) were due to antimicrobial-resistant uropathogens: 83 (4.7%) extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, 119 (6.7%) multidrug resistant (MDR) and 4 (0.2%) extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria. Empirical antibiotic therapy failed in 172 cases (9.6%). Having ESBL or MDR/XDR uropathogens, a history of recurrent UTI, antibiotic therapy in the preceding 30 days, and empirical treatment with amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate were significantly associated with treatment failure, whereas first-line therapy with third-generation cephalosporins was associated with protection against negative outcomes. In conclusion, the increase in the resistance of uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics requires continuous monitoring, and recommendations for antibiotic choice need updating. In our epidemiological context, amoxicillin/clavulanate no longer seems to be the appropriate first-line therapy for children hospitalised for UTI, whereas third-generation cephalosporins continue to be useful. To further limit the emergence of resistance, every effort to reduce and rationalise antibiotic consumption must be implemented.

scholarly journals Oral Microbiota of the Snake Bothrops lanceolatus in Martinique

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabor Résière ◽  
Claude Olive ◽  
Hatem Kallel ◽  
André Cabié ◽  
Rémi Névière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Morganella Morganii ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

In Martinique, Bothrops lanceolatus snakebite, although relatively uncommon (~30 cases/year), may result in serious complications such as systemic thrombosis and local infections. Infections have been hypothesized to be related to bacteria present in the snake’s oral cavity. In this investigation, we isolated, identified, and studied the susceptibility to beta-lactams of bacteria sampled from the oral cavity of twenty-six B. lanceolatus specimens collected from various areas in Martinique. Microbiota from B. lanceolatus oral cavity was polymicrobial. Isolated bacteria belonged to fifteen different taxa; the most frequent being Aeromonas hydrophyla (present in 50% of the samples), Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus spp., and Enterococcus spp. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility revealed that 66.7% of the isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate. In contrast, the majority of isolated bacteria were susceptible to the third-generation cephalosporins (i.e., 73.3% with cefotaxime and 80.0% with ceftazidime). Microbiota from B. lanceolatus oral cavity is polymicrobial with bacteria mostly susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins but rarely to amoxicillin/clavulanate. In conclusion, our findings clearly support that first-line antibiotic therapy in the B. lanceolatus-bitten patients, when there is evidence of infection, should include a third-generation cephalosporin rather than amoxicillin/clavulanate.

scholarly journals Acute kidney injury as the presenting complaint of ceftazidime-induced immune-mediated haemolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e232884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Ferro ◽  
Meryl Griffiths ◽  
Rona Smith ◽  
Andrew Fry
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Centre ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

We present the case of ceftazidime-induced immune-mediated haemolysis with associated acute kidney injury in a 43-year-old woman. The patient initially presented to the regional cystic fibrosis centre for treatment of an infective exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. After initiation of ceftazidime (a third-generation cephalosporin), renal function rapidly deteriorated and a fall in haemoglobin was noted. On transfer to our care, a haemolysis screen identified immune-mediated haemolysis, and renal biopsy confirmed the finding of acute tubular necrosis secondary to haem pigment. The patient’s renal function deteriorated such that she required haemodialysis, although she subsequently recovered and is now dialysis-independent. Although acute haemolytic reactions are recognised with third-generation cephalosporins, this is the first reported case of ceftazidime-induced immune-mediated haemolysis with acute kidney injury. Given the increased frequency of cephalosporin usage, it is important for both nephrologists and general physicians to be aware of this rare but very serious complication.

scholarly journals National Prevalence of Resistance to Third-Generation Cephalosporins in Escherichia coli Isolates from Layer Flocks in France

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 6351-6353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Chauvin ◽  
Laetitia Le Devendec ◽  
Eric Jouy ◽  
Maena Le Cornec ◽  
Sylvie Francart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
National Prevalence ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

ABSTRACTResistance ofEscherichia colito third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) in fecal samples representative of French egg production was studied. The susceptibility to cefotaxime ofE. coliisolates obtained by culture on nonselective media was determined. Twenty-two nonsusceptible isolates were obtained (7.51%; 95% confidence interval, 4.49 to 10.54%), the majority of which came from young birds. Most isolates carried ablaCTX-M-1group gene, and a few carried ablaCMY-2-like gene. Control of 3GC resistance in laying hens is needed.

Impact of restriction of third generation cephalosporins on the burden of third generation cephalosporin resistant K. pneumoniae and E. coli in an ICU

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Meyer ◽  
Matthias Lapatschek ◽  
Andreas Bechtold ◽  
Gerhard Schwarzkopf ◽  
Petra Gastmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins
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