scholarly journals A Review of the Application and Performance of Carbon Nanotubes in Fuel Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Luo ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Geng Luo ◽  
Chao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Supported Catalyst ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
And Performance

The fuel cell has the nature of high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emission. Carbon nanotubes used for fuel cells can decrease the needs of noble metals which are used for catalyst and improve the performance of fuel cells. The application of carbon nanotubes in fuel cells is summarized and discussed. The following aspects are described in this paper: the method used to reduce the platinum, the effect of carbon nanotubes on the fuel cell, improving the performance of fuel cell catalysts, the interaction between catalyst and carbon nanotube support, and the synthetic conditions of carbon nanotube supported catalyst. We summarize some of the results of previous studies and raise expectations for the microscopic state study of carbon nanotubes in the future.

Current progress and performance improvement of Pt/C catalysts for fuel cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (46) ◽  
pp. 24284-24306
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Ren ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Anmin Liu ◽  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Qianyuan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
High Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
And Performance

Fuel cell is an electrochemical device, which can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, without heat process, not limited by Carnot cycle, high energy conversion efficiency, no noise and pollution.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Performance Improvement of the Catalyst of the Methanol Micro-Fuel Cell Using Carbon Nanotubes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kazemi Nasrabadi ◽  
Amir Ebrahimi-Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Ahmadi ◽  
Ravinder Kumar ◽  
Narjes Nabipour
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction

Due to low working temperature, high energy density and low pollution, proton exchange fuel cells have been investigated under different operating conditions in different applications. Using platinum catalysts in methanol fuel cells leads to increasing the cost of this kind of fuel cell which is considered as a barrier to the commercialism of this technology. For this reason, a lot of efforts have been made to reduce the loading of the catalyst required on different supports. In this study, carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been used as catalyst supports of the fuel cell as well as using the double-metal combination of platinum-ruthenium (PtRu) as anode electrode catalyst and platinum (Pt) as cathode electrode catalyst. The performance of these two types of electro-catalyst in the oxidation reaction of methanol has been compared based on electrochemical tests. Results showed that the carbon nanotubes increase the performance of the micro-fuel cell by 37% at maximum power density, compared to the carbon black. Based on thee-electrode tests of chronoamperometry and voltammetry, it was found that the oxidation onset potential of methanol for CNT has been around 20% less than CB, leading to the kinetic improvement of the oxidation reaction. The current density of methanol oxidation reaction increased up to 62% in CNT sample compared to CB supported one, therefore the active electrochemical surface area of the catalyst has been increased up to 90% by using CNT compared to CB which shows the significant rise of the electrocatalytic activity in CNT supported catalyst. Moreover, the resistance of the CNT supported sample to poisonous intermediate species has been found 3% more than CB supported one. According to the chronoamperometry test results, it was concluded that the performance and sustainability of the CNT electro-catalyst show remarkable improvement compared to CB electro-catalyst in the long term.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Performance Improvement of the Catalyst of the Methanol Micro-Fuel Cell Using Carbon Nanotubes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Forootan Fard ◽  
Mohammad Kazemi nasrabadi ◽  
Amir Ebrahimi-Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Ely Salwana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction

Due to low working temperature, high energy density and low pollution, proton exchange fuel cells have been investigated under different operating conditions in different applications. Using platinum catalyst in methanol fuel cell leads to increasing the cost of this kind of fuel cells which is considered as a barrier to commercialism of this technology. For this reason, a lot of efforts have been made to reduce the loading of the catalyst required on different supports. In this study, carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been used as catalyst supports of the fuel cell as well as using the double-metal combination of platinum-ruthenium (PtRu) as anode electrode catalyst and platinum (Pt) as cathode electrode catalyst. The performance of these two types of the electro-catalyst in oxidation reaction of methanol has been compared based on electrochemical tests. Results showed that the carbon nanotubes increase the performance of the micro-fuel cell by 37% at maximum power density, compared to the carbon black. Based on thee-electrode tests of chronoamperometry and voltammetry, it was found that oxidation onset potential of methanol for CNT has been around 20% less than CB, leading to the kinetic improvement of the oxidation reaction. In addition, the active electrochemical surface area of catalyst has been increased up to 90% by using CNT compared to CB which shows the significant rise of the electrocatalytic activity in CNT supported catalyst with 62% increase in current density of methanol oxidation reaction respect to CB supported one. Moreover, the resistance of CNT supported sample to poisonous intermediate species has been found 3% more than CB supported one. According to the chronoamperometry test results, it was concluded that the performance and sustainability of NCT electro-catalyst shows remarkable improvement compared to CB electro-catalyst in long term.

scholarly journals Alloying–realloying enabled high durability for Pt–Pd-3d-transition metal nanoparticle fuel cell catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Peng Wu ◽  
Dominic T. Caracciolo ◽  
Yazan Maswadeh ◽  
Jianguo Wen ◽  
Zhijie Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Alloy Catalysts

AbstractAlloying noble metals with non-noble metals enables high activity while reducing the cost of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, under fuel cell operating conditions, state-of-the-art oxygen reduction reaction alloy catalysts either feature high atomic percentages of noble metals (>70%) with limited durability or show poor durability when lower percentages of noble metals (<50%) are used. Here, we demonstrate a highly-durable alloy catalyst derived by alloying PtPd (<50%) with 3d-transition metals (Cu, Ni or Co) in ternary compositions. The origin of the high durability is probed by in-situ/operando high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis of atomic phase structures and strains, revealing an important role of realloying in the compressively-strained single-phase alloy state despite the occurrence of dealloying. The implication of the finding, a striking departure from previous perceptions of phase-segregated noble metal skin or complete dealloying of non-noble metals, is the fulfilling of the promise of alloy catalysts for mass commercialization of fuel cells.

A phosphoric acid-doped electrocatalyst supported on poly(para-pyridine benzimidazole)-wrapped carbon nanotubes shows a high durability and performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 14318-14324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehui Yang ◽  
Tsuyohiko Fujigaya ◽  
Naotoshi Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
High Durability ◽  
And Performance

Low fuel cell performance and durability are still the two main obstacles to the commercialization of high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

scholarly journals Components for PEM Fuel Cells: An Overview

2010 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 143-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Maiyalagan ◽  
Sivakumar Pasupathi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Membrane Electrode Assembly ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane

Fuel cells, as devices for direct conversion of the chemical energy of a fuel into electricity by electrochemical reactions, are among the key enabling technologies for the transition to a hydrogen-based economy. Among the various types of fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be at the forefront for commercialization for portable and transportation applications because of their high energy conversion efficiency and low pollutant emission. Cost and durability of PEMFCs are the two major challenges that need to be addressed to facilitate their commercialization. The properties of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) have a direct impact on both cost and durability of a PEMFC. An overview is presented on the key components of the PEMFC MEA. The success of the MEA and thereby PEMFC technology is believed to depend largely on two key materials: the membrane and the electro-catalyst. These two key materials are directly linked to the major challenges faced in PEMFC, namely, the performance, and cost. Concerted efforts are conducted globally for the past couple of decades to address these challenges. This chapter aims to provide the reader an overview of the major research findings to date on the key components of a PEMFC MEA.

scholarly journals Alloying–Realloying Enabled High Durability for Pt–Pd–3d-Transition Metal Nanoparticle Fuel Cell Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Wu ◽  
Yazan Maswadeh ◽  
Jianguo Wen ◽  
Zhijie Kong ◽  
Shiyao Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Alloy Catalysts

Abstract Alloying noble metals with non-noble metals enables high activity while reducing the cost of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, under fuel cell operating conditions, state-of-the-art oxygen reduction reaction alloy catalysts either feature high atomic percentages of noble metals (>70%) with limited durability or show poor durability when lower percentages of noble metals (<50%) are used. Here we demonstrate a highly-durable alloy catalyst derived by alloying PtPd (<50%) with 3d-transition metals (Cu, Ni or Co) in ternary compositions. The origin of the high durability is probed by in-situ/operando high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis of atomic phase structures and strains, revealing an important role of realloying in the compressively-strained single-phase alloy state despite the occurrence of dealloying. The implication of the finding, a striking departure from previous perceptions of phase-segregated noble metal skin or complete dealloying of non-noble metals, is the fulfilling of the promise of alloy catalysts for mass commercialization of fuel cells.

Diversity Measurement of Fuel Cell Field Using Patent Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 1049-1054
Author(s):  
Dae Hyun Jeong ◽  
Young Il Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
High Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Diversity Measurement

Fuel cells having a high energy conversion efficiency with low restriction of installation space is rising as a new eco-friendly renewable energy source. Fuel cells are largely divided into MCFC, SOFC, PEMFC, DMFC, etc. according to the type to be transferred. In this study the four fields were analyzed from a diversity aspect, a social network aspect and a distance aspect. Results showed PEMFC and MCFC to apply the most diverse technology, and catalyst technology and hydrogen fuel manufacturing areas were observed developing in all four fields. In addition, many studies were found to be commonly conducted for fuel cell vehicles in the PEMFC and SOFC fields. PEMFC is expected to have the highest effect with technology development, specifically commercialization of the Fuel Cell Vehicles through an active technology development. Development in the SOFC and MCFC fields are expected to promote home fuel cell use.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Performance Improvement of the Catalyst of the Methanol Micro-Fuel Cell Using Carbon Nanotubes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kazemi Nasrabadi ◽  
Habib Forootan Fard ◽  
Amir Ebrahimi-Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Ravinder Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Methanol Oxidation Reaction

Due to low working temperature, high energy density and low pollution, proton exchange fuel cells have been investigated under different operating conditions in different applications. Using platinum catalyst in methanol fuel cell leads to increasing the cost of this kind of fuel cells which is considered as a barrier to the commercialism of this technology. For this reason, a lot of efforts have been made to reduce the loading of the catalyst required on different supports. In this study, carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been used as catalyst supports of the fuel cell as well as using the double-metal combination of platinum-ruthenium (PtRu) as anode electrode catalyst and platinum (Pt) as cathode electrode catalyst. The performance of these two types of the electro-catalyst in oxidation reaction of methanol has been compared based on electrochemical tests. Results showed that the carbon nanotubes increase the performance of the micro-fuel cell by 37% at maximum power density, compared to the carbon black. Based on thee-electrode tests of chronoamperometry and voltammetry, it was found that oxidation onset potential of methanol for CNT has been around 20% less than CB, leading to the kinetic improvement of the oxidation reaction. In addition, the active electrochemical surface area of catalyst has been increased up to 90% by using CNT compared to CB which shows the significant rise of the electrocatalytic activity in CNT supported catalyst with 62% increase in current density of methanol oxidation reaction respect to CB supported one. Moreover, the resistance of CNT supported sample to poisonous intermediate species has been found 3% more than CB supported one. According to the chronoamperometry test results, it was concluded that the performance and sustainability of NCT electro-catalyst shows remarkable improvement compared to CB electro-catalyst in long term.

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)–wrapped carbon nanotube-based fuel cell electrocatalyst shows high durability and performance under non-humidified operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (46) ◽  
pp. 23316-23322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehui Yang ◽  
Naotoshi Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
High Durability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst

Low durability and performance have limited the wide commercialization of high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document