scholarly journals Effect of NaNO2and C6H15NO3Synergistic Admixtures on Steel-Rebar Corrosion in Concrete Immersed in Aggressive Environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Olusegun Okeniyi ◽  
Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola ◽  
Cleophas Akintoye Loto ◽  
Olugbenga Adeshola Omotosho ◽  
Stanley Okechukwu Okpala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Electrochemical Test ◽  
Corrosive Media ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Steel Rebar ◽  
Cooperative Adsorption ◽  
Rebar Corrosion ◽  
Synergistic Combinations

This paper studies effect of different combinations of NaNO2(sodium nitrite) and C6H15NO3(triethanolamine (TEA)), as synergistic admixtures in concrete immersed in NaCl and in H2SO4test environments, on the corrosion of the concrete reinforcing steel (rebar). Although statistically analysed electrochemical test results confirmed NaNO2effectiveness, synergistic combinations of 4 g NaNO2+ 4 g C6H15NO3in NaCl medium and of 2 g NaNO2+ 6 g C6H15NO3in H2SO4medium were also highly effective at inhibiting rebar corrosion. Synergistic parameter analyses showed that the effective synergistic admixtures that inhibited concrete steel-rebar corrosion in their respective medium were the NaNO2and C6H15NO3combinations that exhibited synergistic interactions of cooperative adsorption on steel-rebar. These support the suitability of requisite concentration of triethanolamine as additive admixture with sodium nitrite for steel-rebar corrosion mitigation, which is potent with reduced environmental effects, in concrete immersed in NaCl and in H2SO4corrosive media.

Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic disodium dihydrate and sodium nitrite admixtures on steel-rebar corrosion in concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Olusegun Okeniyi ◽  
Olufemi Michael Omoniyi ◽  
Stanley Okechukwu Okpala ◽  
Cleophas Akintoye Loto ◽  
Abiola Patricia Idowu Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Steel Rebar ◽  
Rebar Corrosion

Biochemical Characterisation of the Leaf of Morinda Lucida: Prospects for Environmentally-Friendly Steel-Rebar Corrosion-Protection in Aggressive Medium

2015 ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Olusegun Okeniyi ◽  
Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana ◽  
Oluseyi Ebenezer Ogunlana ◽  
Taiwo Felicia Owoeye ◽  
Elizabeth Toyin Okeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Aggressive Medium ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Steel Rebar ◽  
Biochemical Characterisation ◽  
Rebar Corrosion

Experimental Research on Durability of Concrete of Transmission Lines in Wuhu Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2001-2004
Author(s):  
Zhao Qing Zhu ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Zhi Wei Han
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Rebar Corrosion ◽  
Corrosive Environments

The concrete used in transmission lines are basically for foundations. The foundation concrete of transmission lines in corrosive environments has shown serious deterioration, which usually caused by concrete deterioration, rebar corrosion, degradation of bond strength between rebar and concrete due to various corrosive effects. Field tests are carried out in Wuhu area to research the durability of foundation concrete of transmission lines. And test results show that the concrete strength in the air is a litter higher than underground and the carbonization depth at the windward side is the largest of each foundation and the leeward side is the smallest, while those underground are close to zero.

Spray Adjuvant, Formulation, and Environmental Effects on Synergism from Post-Applied Tank Mixtures of SAN 582H with Fluazifop-P, Imazethapyr, and Sethoxydim

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
William B. O'neal ◽  
Troy D. Klingaman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The effect of adding a spray adjuvant to SAN 582H tank mixtures with fluazifop-P, imazethapyr, and sethoxydim was evaluated. SAN 582H synergistically increased broadleaf signalgrass control with reduced rates of all three postemergence (POST) herbicides when no spray adjuvant was used and when crop oil concentrate was added. For example, broadleaf signalgrass control increased from 50% to 83% when SAN 582H was tank-mixed with 52 g ai/ha sethoxydim and crop oil concentrate. In another experiment, several formulations of SAN 582H, including blank solvent-only formulations (no SAN 582H), were evaluated in combination with a reduced rate of sethoxydim to determine the source of synergism from tank mixtures. The SAN 582H molecule, not the carrier solvents in formulated product, was determined to be the source of synergism. The synergistic properties of SAN 582H were compared to other chloroacetamides. Synergism from acetochlor was similar to SAN 582H when applied POST with a reduced rate of either fluazifop-P, imazethapyr, or sethoxydim for grass control. Metolachlor also synergistically increased the control of grasses with the POST herbicides; however, metolachlor caused considerable phytotoxicity when applied alone and synergistic interactions were detected less frequently. The efficacy of sethoxydim mixed with SAN 582H was evaluated under different soil moisture conditions. Broadleaf signalgrass control increased from 81% to 93% under dry, moisture-stressed conditions when 210 g/ha sethoxydim was tank- mixed with SAN 582H.

Effects of Surface Finish and Loading Conditions on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel in PWR Environment: Comparison of LCF Test Results With NUREG/CR-6909 Life Estimations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Alain Le Duff ◽  
Andre´ Lefranc¸ois ◽  
Jean Philippe Vernot
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cycle Fatigue

During mid 2006, ANL issued a NUREG/CR-6909 [2] report that is now applicable in The US for evaluations of PWR environmental effects in the fatigue analysis of new reactor components. In order to assess the conservativeness of the application of this NUREG report, low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed by AREVA NP on austenitic stainless steel specimens in a PWR environment. The selected material exhibits in an air environment a fatigue behavior consistent with the ANL reference “air” mean curve. Tests were performed for two various loading conditions: for fully reverse triangular signal (for comparison purpose with tests performed by other laboratories with same loading conditions) and complex signal, simulating strain variation for actual typical PWR thermal transients. Two surface finish conditions were tested: polished and ground. The paper presents on one side the comparison of environmental penalty factors (Fen = Nair,RT/Nwater) as observed experimentally with the ANL formulation (considering the strain integral method for complex loading), and, on the other hand, the actual fatigue life of the specimen with the fatigue life predicted through the NUREG/CR-6909 application. Low Cycle Fatigue test results obtained on austenitic stainless steel specimens in PWR environment with triangle waveforms at constant low strain rates gives Fen penalty factors close to those estimated using the ANL formulation (NUREG report 6909). On the contrary, it was observed that constant amplitude LCF test results obtained under complex signal reproducing an actual sequence of a cold and hot thermal shock exhibits significantly lower environmental effects when compared to the Fen penalty factor estimated on the basis of the ANL formulations. It appears that the application of the NUREG/CR-6909 [2] in conjunction with the Fen model proposed by ANL for austenitic stainless steel provides excessive margins whereas the current ASME approach seems sufficient to cover significant environmental effect for components.

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