scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Profile of Euphorbia pulcherrima Methanol Extract on Wistar Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Sharif ◽  
M. D. Mukhtar ◽  
Y. Mustapha ◽  
Gabi Baba ◽  
A. O. Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Kidney Liver

This work was designed to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of E. pulcherrima methanol extract. Mean lethal dose (LD50) and subchronic toxicity were determined using Lorke’s method to assess the effect of the extract on kidney and liver functions along histopathology assessment of the liver and kidney, respectively. The LD50 determined was 3807.89 mg/kg both orally and intraperitoneally. The kidney function parameters indicated elevation of the serum urea above the normal value in both control and the group treated with 10 mg/kg of the extract with mean values of 7.92 ± 1.19 and 7.86 ± 1.14 mMol/L, respectively. The creatinine and electrolytes were within the normal values. The results of ALAT, ASAT, ALP, T protein albumin, and bilirubin in all cases were within the normal values. Kidney, liver function parameters, and relative organ weight were statistically insignificant across all groups. This shows that various concentrations of E. pulcherrima extract did not influence negatively the liver and kidney function parameters. Further studies are required to rule out the observed mild hepatic histological changes among a few members of the groups treated with 100 and 1000 mg/kg/day and any possible hepatoprotective and nephron-protective potential the extract may possess.

scholarly journals Sucralose induced pancreatic toxicity in albino rats: Histomorphological evidence

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gupta ◽  
S. Kalra ◽  
V. Bharihoke ◽  
D. Dhurandhar
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Pancreatic Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
And Control

AbstractIn the present world people have become conscious of the fact that sugar is one of the commonest culprits for gain in weight and blood sugar in diabetes. One of the artificial sweetener, sucralose is widely used by diabetics is still under strict scrutiny because of the contradictory feedbacks obtained from various studies, often discouraging its use. Therefore, there arises a need to check whether the use of sucralose is safe or not. The present study was designed to determine to evaluate and compare the histological changes of sucralose on the islets of pancreas in albino rats. Methods: The adult Wistar albino rats were given sucralose orally by gavage in the dose of 3gms/kg body weight/day dissolved in distilled water and only distilled water for 30 days to experimental and control groups respectively. The animals were weighed prior to and after the experiment. The animals were sacrificed on day 31. The pancreas was dissected and observed grossly. Tissue was processed; paraffin blocks were prepared and 8 micron thick sections were cut. Sections were stained with Haemotoxylin and Eosin and Gomori's stains. Results: Pancreatic toxicity was observed in the form of vaculation of islets, lymphocytic infilterate, degeneration of islets and acini of Pancreas. The commonly used non-lethal dose of sucralose induced damage to Pancreas is startling. Conclusion: The results obtained have wide implications for nutrient sensing and nutrition in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.

Hepatoprotective and Healthy Kidney Promoting Potentials of Methanol Extract of Nauclea latifolia in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogugua Victor Nwadiogbu ◽  
Uroko Robert Ikechukwu ◽  
Egba Simeon Ikechukwu ◽  
Agu Obiora .
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Nauclea Latifolia

Pharmacological and Pathological Studies on Taiwan Folk Medicine (IX): The Hepatoprotective Effect of the Methanolic Extract from Echinops Grijisii

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ching Lin ◽  
Cheng-Hung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

In order to isolate the main hepatoprotective component of Echinops grijisii, the crude drug was extracted with methanol and subjected to continuous extractions using n-hexane chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The hepatoprotective studies of each fraction from the methanol extract of E. grijisii was conducted in Wistar albino rats with CC14-induced liver damage. Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated in terms of the modification of serum transaminase values such as SGOT and SGPT, and histopathological changes of liver biopsy. The results indicated that the main hepatoprotective component was concentrated in n-butanol and aqueous fractions.

Does rosmarinic acid treatment have protective role against sepsis-induced oxidative damage in Wistar Albino rats?

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bacanlı ◽  
S Aydın ◽  
G Taner ◽  
HG Göktaş ◽  
T Şahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Α Level

Reactive oxygen species are believed to be involved in the development of sepsis. Plant-derived phenolic compounds are thought to be possible therapeutic agents against sepsis because of their antioxidant properties. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound commonly found in various plants, which has many biological activities including antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RA on sepsis-induced DNA damage in the lymphocytes and liver and kidney cells of Wistar albino rats by alkaline comet assay with and without formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase protein. The oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver and kidney tissues and an inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) level in plasma were also evaluated. It is found that DNA damage in the lymphocytes, livers, and kidneys of the RA-treated rats was significantly lower than that in the sepsis-induced rats. RA treatment also decreased the MDA levels and increased the GSH levels and SOD and GSH-Px activities in the livers and kidneys of the sepsis-induced rats. Plasma TNF-α level was found to be decreased in the RA-treated rats. It seems that RA might have a role in the attenuation of sepsis-induced oxidative damage not only by decreasing the DNA damage but also by increasing the antioxidant status and DNA repair capacity of the animals.

scholarly journals Antihyperlipidemic and Biochemical Activities of Mcy Protein in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1326-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saritha Marella ◽  
Dilip Rajasekhar Maddirela ◽  
Kameswara Rao Badri ◽  
Malaka Venkateshwarulu Jyothi Kumar ◽  
Apparao Chippada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of a novel anti-hyperglycemic “Mcy protein” isolated from the fruits of Momordica cymbalaria in streptozotocin induced- diabetes rat model. Materials and Methods: Wild type and Streptozotocin induced diabetic male wistar albino rats were either treated with single intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg Mcy protein/kg body weight or acetate buffer daily for 30 days. Fasting blood glucose and, serum and tissue lipid levels were measured along with biochemical analysis for hepatic and renal function tests. Results: Mcy protein significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose and, serum as well as tissue lipid levels (p<0.05), besides normalizing the levels of liver and kidney function markers in the treated diabetic rats when compared to the diabetic controls. Our studies also showed the pancreatic islet regeneration in Mcy treated rats. Conclusion: Mcy protein can alleviate hyperlipidemia and help manage diabetes by stimulating insulin secretion without evident toxic effects on liver and kidney.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Screening and Anti-inflammatory Investigation of the Methanol extract of stem bark of Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Felix N. Osuala ◽  
Uchenna E. Odoh ◽  
VictoriaC. Onuigbo ◽  
Sylvester C. Ohadoma
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Introduction: Blighia unijugata is a potent medicinal plant extensively employed in traditional herbal remedies for the treatment of various diseases such as fever, fertility, inflammation, hypertension, migraine and treatment of infections due to microorganisms. Aim: This work, investigates the pharmacognostic screening and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of B. unijugata stem bark. Method: Collection, drying, pulverization, and methanol extraction of the stem bark were done accordingly. The screening of phytochemical constituents and Pharmacognostic numerical data were carried out. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using TLC. The acute toxicity was determined using Lorke’s method. Methanol extract was investigated for anti-inflammatory effect in albino rats using egg-induced hind paw oedema at doses of 200, 400 and 600mg/kg body weight respectively. Result: The macroscopical investigation showed the stem bark outer layer is greyish and, the inner layer is pale reddish brown, disagreeable odour, bitter, Microscopical screening revealed the presence of starch grains, trichomes and sclerenchyma cells. Chemomicroscopic result revealed the presence of lignin, starch, calcium oxalate, cellulose, stone cells. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the powdered bark showed the presence of saponins, steroids, tannins, and resins. Numerical data: moisture content/ weight loss on drying gave value of 7.7%, percentage yield of 6.7%, alcoholic soluble extractive 5.6%, water soluble extractive 6.3%, total ash of 7.1%,  acid insoluble ash 0.57% and water soluble ash 4.56%. The chromatographic screening results were close compared with the standard drug. Toxicity test established the lethal dose of greater than 5000mg/kg. There was a significant inhibition of the edema p>0.05, the presence of various bioactive constituents may have contributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract. Conclusion: The result of this study confirms that the barks of B. unijugata have anti-inflammatory effect and justifies the use as traditional treatment of inflammation and pain. Keywords: Blighia unijugata, Inflammation, Inflammatory agents, Anti inflammatory

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