scholarly journals Complications following Tension-Free Vaginal Tapes: Accurate Diagnosis and Complications Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kociszewski ◽  
S. Kolben ◽  
D. Barski ◽  
V. Viereck ◽  
E. Barcz
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Urine Retention ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Voiding Dysfunctions ◽  
Clinical Problems

The sling procedures are the gold standard for SUI treatment. They are highly effective but not free from complications. The most common adverse effect for the surgery with the implant insertion is: overactive bladder occurring de novo after the surgery, voiding dysfunctions, urine retention, and unsatisfactory treatment outcome. The most important question that arises after 20 years of sling procedures is how to manage the complications and what can be offered to complicated patients. The above review summarises the ultrasound findings in complicated cases and shows the scheme of management of the clinical problems concerning the tape location in suburethral region.

Bevacizumab efficacy in treatment of brain radiation necrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
O. V. Absalyamova ◽  
G. L. Kobiakov ◽  
S. L. Gutorov ◽  
E. R. Vetlova ◽  
S. V. Zolotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Brain Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Brain Radiation

Radiation therapy (RT) plays an important role in treatment of primary and metastatic CNS tumors and some non-neopiastic conditions (arteriovenous malformations, trigeminal neuralgia). Radiation necrosis (RN) is a common adverse effect of RT. Until recently steroid therapy was used as a main treatment regimen for RN. Mechanisms of RN development are not clear; however, it was shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in its formation. A number of surveys showed efficacy of bevacizumab as an anti-VEGF agent in treatment of RN. Radiation necrosis pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment are summarized in this review.

scholarly journals The prenatal diagnosis and clinical outcomes of fetuses with 15q11.2 copy number variants: a case series of 36 patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Kang ◽  
Chien Nan Lee ◽  
Yi-Ning Su ◽  
Ming-Wei Lin ◽  
Yi-Yun Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Copy Number Variant ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ultrasound Findings

Objective: The prenatal genetic counseling of fetus diagnosed with the 15q11.2 copy number variant (CNV) involving the BP1-BP2 region has been difficult due to limited information and controversial opinion on prognosis. Design: Case series. Setting: This study uses data from National Taiwan University Hospital. Sample: Data of 36 pregnant women who underwent prenatal microarray analysis from 2012 to 2017 and were assessed at National Taiwan University Hospital. Methods: Data were collected by reviewing patients’ medical record. Comparison of patient characteristics, prenatal ultrasound findings and postnatal outcomes between different cases involving the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 region were presented. Main outcome measured: Postnatal prognosis. Results: Out of the 36 patients diagnosed with CNVs involving the BP1-BP2 region, 5 were diagnosed with microduplication and 31 with microdeletion. Abnormal ultrasound findings were recorded in 12 cases prenatally. De novo microduplications were observed in 25% of the cases and microdeletions were found in 14%. Amongst the cases, 10 pregnant women received termination of pregnancy and 26 gave birth to healthy individuals (27 babies in total). Conclusion: The prognoses of 15q11.2 CNVs were controversial and recent studies have revealed its connection with developmental delay and autism. In our study, no obvious developmental delay or neurological disorders were detected postnatally in the 1 case of 15q11.2 microduplication and 25 cases of microdeletion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two new rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the diagnosis of malaria

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Jahan ◽  
Rubayet Elahi ◽  
Md. Khaja Mohiuddin ◽  
Md. Gulam Musawwir Khan ◽  
Mohammad Shafiul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Malaria Rdts ◽  
Resource Limited

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) address the need for accurate diagnosis of malaria, particularly in resource limited settings. In this study, two malaria RDTs were compared with gold standard microscopy: On Site Pf/Pv test detecting Plasmodium falciparum-specific histidine rich protein-2 (Pf HR P2) and P. vivax-specific parasitic lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) antigens; and SD Bioline anti-Pf/Pv test detecting anti-HR P2 and anti-pL DH antibodies for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections, respectively. For OnSite test, the overall sensitivity was found 96.2% , specificity 98.2% , positive predictive value (PPV ) 98.2% , negative predictive value (NPV ) 96.4% and agreement with microscopy was found to be 0.94. On the other hand SD Bioline test, the overall sensitivity was 75.4%, specificity 83.7%, PPV 84.3% , NPV 74.5% and agreement with microscopy was 0.59. These data revealed that the R DT based on antigen detection (Onsite test) was more reliable than that based on the antibody detection (SD Bioline test).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16931 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (02): 11-15

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Cystectomy Compared With Cystectomy Alone for Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Vikram M. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Advanced Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive

This study summarizes a landmark study on the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This randomized study of M-VAC plus cystectomy versus cystectomy alone suggested improved overall survival in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Severe granulocytopenia was a common adverse effect in the chemotherapy group, but no deaths were attributed to chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Randomized Controlled Trial between Levetiracetam and Phenobarbital in the Treatment of Neonatal Seizure due to Perinatal Asphyxia

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Abu Faisal Md Pervez ◽  
Md Fakhrul Amin Badal ◽  
SM Nurun Nabi ◽  
Mohammad Kamrul Hassan Shabuj ◽  
Sanjoy Kumer Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Neonatal Seizure ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Antiepileptic Agent ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Seizure occurs more frequently in neonatal period and incidence of seizure is 50%-68% in perinatal asphyxia. At present phenobarbital is the drug of choice for treating neonatal seizure, which has some adverse effects on neurodevelopment status. Levetiracetam is a novel antiepileptic agent well-tolerated and effective in focal, generalized and neonatal seizure as well and lacks the adverse effects like phenobarbital. The present study was undertaken to compare the safety and efficacy of levetiracetam to phenobarbital in the treatment of neonatal seizure due to perinatal asphyxia.Methodology: This interventional study (Randomized Controlled Trial) was conducted in Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka and Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st January’ 2014 to 30th June’ 2015. Intravenous levetiracetam injection, 50 mg/kg loading followed by 10 mg/kg 8 hourly maintenance was used and phenobarbital intravenous 20-40 mg/kg loading and 2.5 mg/kg/dose 12 hourly maintenance was given as per institutional protocol.Results: Sixty-nine term asphyxiated neonates (intention to treat population) provided analyzable data. Seizure control was found significantly higher (p = 0.011) higher in levetiracetam group in comparison to phenobarbital group (71% vs 40%). Need for more than one drug was significantly lower in levetiracetan group (p=0.011). Adverse effects were found significantly (p=0.001) lower in levetiracetam group (9% vs 43%). No serious adverse effect was observed in any group and most common adverse effect was somnolence in both group followed by irritability. Restlessness, sedation and shallow breathing were found only in phenobarbital group.Conclusion: Levetiracetam is more effective and safe in comparison to phenobarbital in the treatment of neonatal seizure due to perinatal asphyxia.Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (2) :67-72

Is Bladder Ultrasound Indicated as Part of the Routine Investigation of Haematuria?

Ultrasound ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
V E Purnell ◽  
S Desai ◽  
J Husain ◽  
J Dodgeon
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Appointment Scheduling ◽  
Kappa Score ◽  
Time Burden ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bladder Pathology ◽  
A Prospective Study

Many patients presenting with haematuria undergo intravenous urography, renal tract ultrasound and cystoscopy. Renal tract ultrasound includes imaging of the bladder, which can significantly increase scan times by necessitating bladder filling, which can impact negatively on appointment scheduling. Little published literature exists on whether ultrasound of the bladder in the presence of haematuria is of any clinical benefit. This study aims to redress this by comparing bladder ultrasound to the gold standard of cystoscopy and also by assessing temporal implications in this patient group. A prospective study was undertaken where 96 consecutive urology-referred patients had their bladder ultrasound findings compared with the findings of cystoscopy under the headings of mass, trabeculation, diverticulum, stone and fistula. Ultrasound had poor sensitivity (47.8%), but good specificity (94.5%) in detecting the predefined bladder pathologies with a poor Kappa score of 0.33 when compared with cystoscopy. In addition, there was a significant time burden placed on the list by including bladder scanning as part of the renal tract sonographic assessment. In conclusion, bladder ultrasound is not shown to be a clinically useful adjunct to cystoscopy for the detection of bladder pathology. We would recommend that, in the setting of haematuria, ultrasound be used only for upper tract assessment.

Pharmacotherapy of Epilepsy: Focus on Levetiracetam

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S1096
Author(s):  
Molly E. Adams ◽  
Allison M. Chung ◽  
Lea S. Eiland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Refractory Seizures ◽  
Small Clinical Trials

Levetiracetam is a second-generation antiepileptic drug which first came to the United States market in 1999. It has a mechanism of action that is not well elucidated. However, it is a very favorable antiepileptic drug due to its reliable pharmacokinetics, minimal drug interactions, seizure efficacy and good tolerability. It is an agent that has established efficacy as an adjunct therapy agent for partial and refractory seizures. As a monotherapy agent, levetiracetam also appears to be an attractive agent with observed efficacy and tolerability. Since levetiracetam has recently become available intravenously, it is also being reviewed as an agent for acute status epilepticus. In pediatrics, levetiracetam is widely used with efficacy seen in small clinical trials for a variety of seizure types. Levetiracetam is well tolerated: the most common adverse effect being somnolence and behavioral effects. Overall, levetiracetam is a notable antiepileptic drug that has added significantly to the current antiepileptic armamentarium.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
_ _
Keyword(s):  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
De Novo Aml ◽  
Relative Inability ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Recent Version ◽  
Clinical Problems

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent myeloid clonal hemopathies with relatively heterogeneous spectrums of presentation. The major clinical problems in these disorders are morbidities caused by patients' cytopenias and the potential for MDS to evolve into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Managing MDS is complicated by the generally advanced age of patients, attendant non-hematologic comorbidities, and older patients' relative inability to tolerate some therapies. In addition, when the illness progresses into AML, these patients experience lower response rates to standard therapy than patients with de novo AML. Important changes from the 2008 version of the guidelines include the addition of lenalidomide as a possible treatment for symptomatically anemic non-del(5q) patients whose anemia does not respond to initial therapy. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org

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