scholarly journals Utilization of Glycosaminoglycans/Proteoglycans as Carriers for Targeted Therapy Delivery

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suniti Misra ◽  
Vincent C. Hascall ◽  
Ilia Atanelishvili ◽  
Ricardo Moreno Rodriguez ◽  
Roger R. Markwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Extracellular Matrices ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Tissue Architecture ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invasive Behavior ◽  
Therapy Delivery

The outcome of patients with cancer has improved significantly in the past decade with the incorporation of drugs targeting cell surface adhesive receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and modulation of several molecules of extracellular matrices (ECMs), the complex composite of collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans that dictates tissue architecture. Cancer tissue invasive processes progress by various oncogenic strategies, including interfering with ECM molecules and their interactions with invasive cells. In this review, we describe how the ECM components, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, influence tumor cell signaling. In particular this review describes how the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) and its major receptor CD44 impact invasive behavior of tumor cells, and provides useful insight when designing new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Development of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) against Different Types of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somi Patranabis
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Specific Ligand ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are an important class of receptors involved in regulating different cellular functions. The usual pathway of RTK activation involves specific ligand binding, dimerization and trans-autophosphorylation. Recently, RTK has been extensively studied as they have potential applications in targeted cancer therapy. RTK-based therapeutic strategies are promising because dysfunction of RTK is connected to a variety of diseases. More specifically, RTK has been widely associated with different types of cancer and related diseases. The chapter aims to cover recent advances and challenges in RTK related research, to get an overview of the problems and possibilities associated with targeted therapy. This will help in deciphering novel therapeutic applications in the future.

scholarly journals Alterations in ALK/ROS1/NTRK/MET drive a group of infantile hemispheric gliomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S. Guerreiro Stucklin ◽  
Scott Ryall ◽  
Kohei Fukuoka ◽  
Michal Zapotocky ◽  
Alvaro Lassaletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Infant gliomas have paradoxical clinical behavior compared to those in children and adults: low-grade tumors have a higher mortality rate, while high-grade tumors have a better outcome. However, we have little understanding of their biology and therefore cannot explain this behavior nor what constitutes optimal clinical management. Here we report a comprehensive genetic analysis of an international cohort of clinically annotated infant gliomas, revealing 3 clinical subgroups. Group 1 tumors arise in the cerebral hemispheres and harbor alterations in the receptor tyrosine kinases ALK, ROS1, NTRK and MET. These are typically single-events and confer an intermediate outcome. Groups 2 and 3 gliomas harbor RAS/MAPK pathway mutations and arise in the hemispheres and midline, respectively. Group 2 tumors have excellent long-term survival, while group 3 tumors progress rapidly and do not respond well to chemoradiation. We conclude that infant gliomas comprise 3 subgroups, justifying the need for specialized therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Targeted Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshimitsu Yamaoka ◽  
Sojiro Kusumoto ◽  
Koichi Ando ◽  
Motoi Ohba ◽  
Tohru Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Targeted Inhibitors

In the past two decades, several molecular targeted inhibitors have been developed and evaluated clinically to improve the survival of patients with cancer. Molecular targeted inhibitors inhibit the activities of pathogenic tyrosine kinases. Particularly, aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation is a potential therapeutic target. An increased understanding of genetics, cellular biology and structural biology has led to the development of numerous important therapeutics. Pathogenic RTK mutations, deletions, translocations and amplification/over-expressions have been identified and are currently being examined for their roles in cancers. Therapies targeting RTKs are categorized as small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Studies are underway to explore abnormalities in 20 types of RTK subfamilies in patients with cancer or other diseases. In this review, we describe representative RTKs important for developing cancer therapeutics and predicting or evaluated resistance mechanisms.

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