scholarly journals NSAIDs and Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwary Ghosh ◽  
Azra Alajbegovic ◽  
Aldrin V. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Increased Risk

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs worldwide. NSAIDs are used for a variety of conditions including pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders. The beneficial effects of NSAIDs in reducing or relieving pain are well established, and other benefits such as reducing inflammation and anticancer effects are also documented. The undesirable side effects of NSAIDs include ulcers, internal bleeding, kidney failure, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Some of these side effects may be due to the oxidative stress induced by NSAIDs in different tissues. NSAIDs have been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cell types including cardiac and cardiovascular related cells. Increases in ROS result in increased levels of oxidized proteins which alters key intracellular signaling pathways. One of these key pathways is apoptosis which causes cell death when significantly activated. This review discusses the relationship between NSAIDs and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the role of NSAID-induced ROS in CVD.

scholarly journals The role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and the clinical significance of myocardial redox

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 326-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrios Moris ◽  
Michael Spartalis ◽  
Eleftherios Spartalis ◽  
Georgia-Sofia Karachaliou ◽  
Georgios I. Karaolanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Pleiotropic and Potentially Beneficial Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Endothelial Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Barvitenko ◽  
Elisaveta Skverchinskaya ◽  
Alfons Lawen ◽  
Elena Matteucci ◽  
Carlota Saldanha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gi Protein

Endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to molecular dioxygen and its derivative reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are now well established as important signaling messengers. Excessive production of ROS, however, results in oxidative stress, a significant contributor to the development of numerous diseases. Here, we analyze the experimental data and theoretical concepts concerning positive pro-survival effects of ROS on signaling pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). Our analysis of the available experimental data suggests possible positive roles of ROS in induction of pro-survival pathways, downstream of the Gi-protein-coupled receptors, which mimics insulin signaling and prevention or improvement of the endothelial dysfunction. It is, however, doubtful, whether ROS can contribute to the stabilization of the endothelial barrier.

scholarly journals Role of Melanin in Melanocyte Dysregulation of Reactive Oxygen Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah C. Jenkins ◽  
Douglas Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Oxidative Insult ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

We have recently reported a potential alternative tumor suppressor function for p16 relating to its capacity to regulate oxidative stress and observed that oxidative dysregulation in p16-depleted cells was most profound in melanocytes, compared to keratinocytes or fibroblasts. Moreover, in the absence of p16 depletion or exogenous oxidative insult, melanocytes exhibited significantly higher basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than these other epidermal cell types. Given the role of oxidative stress in melanoma development, we speculated that this increased susceptibility of melanocytes to oxidative stress (and greater reliance on p16 for suppression of ROS) may explain why genetic compromise of p16 is more commonly associated with predisposition to melanoma rather than other cancers. Here we show that the presence of melanin accounts for this differential oxidative stress in normal and p16-depleted melanocytes. Thus the presence of melanin in the skin appears to be a double-edged sword: it protects melanocytes as well as neighboring keratinocytes in the skin through its capacity to absorb UV radiation, but its synthesis in melanocytes results in higher levels of intracellular ROS that may increase melanoma susceptibility.

scholarly journals NAD(P)H oxidase and renal epithelial ion transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. R1023-R1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Schreck ◽  
Paul M. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Renal Tubular

A fundamental requirement for cellular vitality is the maintenance of plasma ion concentration within strict ranges. It is the function of the kidney to match urinary excretion of ions with daily ion intake and nonrenal losses to maintain a stable ionic milieu. NADPH oxidase is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within many cell types, including the transporting renal epithelia. The focus of this review is to describe the role of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS toward local renal tubular ion transport in each nephron segment and to discuss how NADPH oxidase-derived ROS signaling within the nephron may mediate ion homeostasis. In each case, we will attempt to identify the various subunits of NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species involved and the ion transporters, which these affect. We will first review the role of NADPH oxidase on renal Na+ and K+ transport. Finally, we will review the relationship between tubular H+ efflux and NADPH oxidase activity.

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